List of majority-minority United States congressional districts
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are nonwhite or racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to white non-Hispanics). Whether a district is majority-minority is usually ascertained using United States Census data.
Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. Majority-minority districts have been the subject of legal cases examining the constitutionality of such districts, including Shaw v. Reno (1993), Miller v. Johnson (1995), and Bush v. Vera (1996).
Contents
1 Districts with an African-American majority
2 Districts with an Asian Pacific Islander majority, plurality, or significant minority
3 Districts with a Hispanic/Latino majority
4 Districts with an African-American plurality
5 Districts with a Hispanic/Latino plurality
6 Districts with a white plurality (majority-minority)
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Districts with an African-American majority
Population data are from 2015 Census American Community Survey One-Year Estimates.[1] Districts in the table below reflect the 114th Congress.
There is only one African American majority congressional district that is represented by a Congressman who is not African American, Rep. Steve Cohen (TN). While Cohen has made his desire to join publicly known, he has not pursued membership over objections of the one of the founding members of the group. [2] All members of the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) except one are Democratic. Although the bylaws do not specify that membership is open only to black members of congress, prominent members of the CBC have publicly stated that they will not welcome non-black members. One Republican African American member of congress, Tim Scott has elected not to join the CBC. Keith Ellison is the first Muslim to be elected as a member of Congress. Stacey Plaskett, the non-voting delegate representing the Virgin Islands, is also a member of the Congressional Black Caucus.
| Rank | Perc. | State | District | 115th Congressional Black Caucus | Total 2015 | Afric. Amer. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 66.3% | Mississippi | 2 | Bennie G. Thompson | 724,075 | 480,259 |
| 2 | 65.2% | Tennessee | 9 | Steve Cohen | 705,879 | 460,533 |
| 3 | 63.6% | Alabama | 7 | Terri A. Sewell | 667,721 | 424,814 |
| 4 | 60.5% | Louisiana | 2 | Cedric Richmond – Chair | 791,393 | 478,785 |
| 5 | 59.4% | Georgia | 4 | Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr. | 746,519 | 443,473 |
| 6 | 58.4% | Georgia | 13 | David Scott | 755,256 | 441,129 |
| 7 | 57.8% | Georgia | 5 | John Lewis | 736,978 | 425,941 |
| 8 | 57.6% | South Carolina | 6 | James E. Clyburn | 661,521 | 381,321 |
| 9 | 57.6% | Pennsylvania | 2 | Dwight Evans | 725,418 | 418,109 |
| 10 | 57.1% | Virginia | 3 | Robert C. "Bobby" Scott | 738,228 | 421,775 |
| 11 | 56.5% | Illinois | 2 | Robin Kelly | 702,674 | 396,854 |
| 12 | 56.1% | Michigan | 14 | Brenda Lawrence – Secretary | 695,410 | 390,402 |
| 13 | 55.5% | Michigan | 13 | Vacant | 679,235 | 376,665 |
| 14 | 55.2% | Florida | 24 | Frederica Wilson | 745,862 | 411,387 |
| 15 | 54.0% | Maryland | 7 | Elijah Cummings | 729,001 | 393,457 |
| 16 | 53.7% | Florida | 20 | Alcee L. Hastings | 767,766 | 412,471 |
| 17 | 52.9% | Maryland | 4 | Anthony G. Brown– Parliamentarian | 745,629 | 394,713 |
| 18 | 52.7% | New York | 8 | Hakeem Jeffries | 769,795 | 405,603 |
| 19 | 52.7% | Ohio | 11 | Marcia L. Fudge | 704,489 | 370,986 |
| 20 | 52.6% | Georgia | 2 | Sanford D. Bishop, Jr. | 683,888 | 359,884 |
| 21 | 52.4% | North Carolina | 1 | G.K. Butterfield | 728,488 | 381,897 |
| 22 | 51.0% | Illinois | 1 | Bobby L. Rush | 717,447 | 366,000 |
| 23 | 50.3% | New Jersey | 10 | Donald Payne, Jr. | 764,684 | 384,341 |
| 24 | 49.7% | New York | 9 | Yvette D. Clark – Member-At-Large | 759,225 | 377,346 |
| 25 | 49.6% | Florida | 5 | Al Lawson | 743,735 | 368,715 |
| 26 | 49.4% | North Carolina | 12 | Alma Adams | 793,964 | 392,085 |
| 27 | 49.3% | New York | 5 | Gregory W. Meeks | 779,896 | 384,325 |
| 28 | 49.2% | Missouri | 1 | William "Lacy" Clay, Jr. | 736,055 | 361,855 |
| 29 | 48.9% | Illinois | 7 | Danny K. Davis | 721,321 | 352,801 |
| 30 | 47.4% | District of Columbia | At large | Eleanor Holmes Norton (non-voting member) | 672,228 | 318,813 |
| 31 | 43.6% | Texas | 30 | Eddie Bernice Johnson | 754,382 | 329,176 |
| 32 | 38.0% | Texas | 9 | Al Green | 782,554 | 297,672 |
| 34 | 36.4% | Texas | 18 | Sheila Jackson Lee | 764,622 | 278,538 |
| 41 | 33.4% | Wisconsin | 4 | Gwen Moore– Whip | 716,998 | 239,546 |
| 43 | 32.7% | Ohio | 3 | Joyce Beatty | 767,295 | 250,694 |
| 50 | 29.1% | Indiana | 7 | André Carson – First Vice Chair | 749,776 | 218,178 |
| 51 | 28.8% | New York | 13 | Adriano Espaillat | 790,434 | 227,395 |
| 66 | 23.7% | California | 37 | Karen Bass – Second Vice Chair | 722,781 | 171,348 |
| 68 | 22.6% | California | 43 | Maxine Waters | 744,444 | 168,304 |
| 72 | 21.9% | Missouri | 5 | Emanuel Cleaver | 757,920 | 165,779 |
| 91 | 18.2% | New Jersey | 12 | Bonnie Watson Coleman | 751,650 | 137,082 |
| 97 | 17.4% | California | 13 | Barbara Lee | 755,776 | 131,230 |
| 100 | 17.0% | Minnesota | 5 | Keith Ellison | 707,578 | 120,100 |
| 106 | 16.4% | Texas | 33 | Marc Veasey | 740,323 | 121,258 |
| 395 | 1.8% | Utah | 4 | Mia Love | 762,014 | 13,433 |
Districts with an Asian Pacific Islander majority, plurality, or significant minority
There are currently 45 members in the United States Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus (CAPAC). Unlike its sister groups, the Congressional Black Caucus and Congressional Hispanic Caucus, CAPAC includes members who are of API descent or represent large API populations.
The following table was lists the top 20 districts of API population.
| Rank | Perc. | State | District | Member | Total 2015 | Asian Amer. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 52.9% | California | 17 | Ro Khanna | 760,444 | 402,466 |
| 2 | 49.3% | Hawaii | 1 | Colleen Hanabusa | 705,773 | 348,082 |
| 3 | 40.4% | New York | 6 | Grace Meng | 744,562 | 300,927 |
| 4 | 38.2% | California | 27 | Judy Chu | 733,239 | 279,772 |
| 5 | 33.9% | California | 14 | Jackie Speier | 757,062 | 256,559 |
| 6 | 33.8% | California | 15 | Eric Swalwell | 771,800 | 260,823 |
| 7 | 32.5% | California | 12 | Nancy Pelosi | 749,688 | 243,713 |
| 8 | 31.0% | California | 39 | Ed Royce | 731,324 | 226,345 |
| 9 | 27.1% | California | 19 | Zoe Lofgren | 765,143 | 207,126 |
| 10 | 25.2% | Hawaii | 2 | Tulsi Gabbard | 725,830 | 183,186 |
| 11 | 24.5% | California | 45 | Mimi Walters | 771,550 | 189,250 |
| 12 | 22.8% | California | 18 | Anna G. Eshoo | 738,774 | 168,606 |
| 13 | 22.2% | Washington | 9 | Adam Smith | 728,262 | 161,938 |
| 14 | 22.0% | California | 47 | Alan Lowenthal | 718,339 | 158,377 |
| 15 | 20.3% | California | 13 | Barbara Lee | 755,776 | 153,406 |
| 16 | 19.6% | California | 34 | Jimmy Gomez | 735,150 | 144,019 |
| 17 | 19.6% | New York | 10 | Jerrold Nadler | 728,323 | 142,560 |
| 18 | 19.2% | California | 52 | Scott Peters | 755,498 | 145,039 |
| 19 | 19.0% | New Jersey | 6 | Frank Pallone, Jr. | 753,711 | 143,071 |
| 20 | 18.6% | New York | 7 | Nydia M. Velázquez | 753,292 | 140,170 |
Districts with a Hispanic/Latino majority
Congress has two groups for Hispanic congressmen. The Congressional Hispanic Caucus for Democrats, and Congressional Hispanic Conference for Republicans. Both groups permit delegates from territories and Senators as well as Congressmen. The Republican Conference also permits Associate members, for Representatives who are not Hispanic themselves, but have significant numbers of Hispanics in their districts. The Democratic Caucus does not permit similar associate members.
Congresswoman Loretta Sánchez has withdrawn from the Democratic caucus. Her sister Linda T. Sánchez, also a representative, withdrew temporarily, but has since rejoined.
The population data is for the 2010 census, but the congress will redistrict prior to the 2012 election. The percentages will no longer be accurate and new Hispanic Majority districts may be created.
When a non-Hispanic congressmen represents a Hispanic majority district, their name and when they began their term of service in congress is indicated. In some cases like Judy May Chu and Maxine Waters they are members of a significant non-Hispanic minority group inside the district. In other cases like Jaime Herrera Beutler or Gene Green the representative is simply a different ethnicity than many of their constituents.
| Rank | Perc. | State | District | Congressional Hispanic C… | Total 2010 | Hispanic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 82.5% | Texas | 15 | Caucus (Democrat) | 787,124 | 649,297 |
| 2 | 81.5% | Texas | 16 | Caucus (Democrat) | 757,427 | 617,465 |
| 3 | 78.9% | Texas | 28 | Caucus (Democrat) | 851,824 | 672,129 |
| 4 | 78.7% | California | 34 | Caucus (Democrat) | 654,303 | 515,167 |
| 5 | 76.0% | Texas | 29 | Gene Green (Jan 3, 1993) | 677,032 | 514,861 |
| 6 | 75.6% | Florida | 21 | Conference (Republican) | 693,501 | 524,005 |
| 7 | 75.4% | California | 38 | Caucus (Democrat) | 641,410 | 483,490 |
| 8 | 73.5% | Illinois | 4 | Caucus (Democrat) | 601,156 | 442,018 |
| 9 | 73.2% | Texas | 27 | Conference (Republican) | 741,993 | 543,306 |
| 10 | 71.6% | Florida | 25 | Conference (Republican) | 807,176 | 577,998 |
| 11 | 71.5% | Texas | 20 | Caucus (Democrat) | 711,705 | 509,208 |
| 12 | 70.4% | California | 20 | Caucus (Democrat) | 744,350 | 523,705 |
| 13 | 69.4% | California | 43 | Caucus (Democrat) | 735,581 | 510,693 |
| 14 | 68.2% | California | 31 | Caucus (Democrat) | 611,336 | 417,183 |
| 15 | 67.6% | California | 47 | Caucus (Democrat) - withdrawn | 631,422 | 426,869 |
| 16 | 66.9% | Florida | 18 | Conference (Republican) | 712,790 | 476,672 |
| 17 | 66.5% | New York | 16 | Caucus (Democrat) | 693,819 | 461,580 |
| 18 | 66.5% | California | 39 | Caucus (Democrat) | 643,115 | 427,353 |
| 19 | 66.4% | Texas | 23 | Conference (Republican) | 847,651 | 562,913 |
| 20 | 64.2% | California | 32 | Judy May Chu (Jul 19th 2009) | 642,236 | 412,275 |
| 21 | 63.9% | Arizona | 4 | Caucus (Democrat) | 698,314 | 446,159 |
| 22 | 62.4% | California | 51 | Bob Filner (Jan 3, 1993) | 757,891 | 473,224 |
| 23 | 57.5% | California | 28 | Howard Berman (Jan 3, 2003) | 660,194 | 379,697 |
| 24 | 56.0% | Arizona | 7 | Caucus (Democrat) | 855,769 | 479,014 |
| 25 | 54.5% | California | 35 | Maxine Waters (Jan 3, 1991) | 662,413 | 360,796 |
| 26 | 52.7% | California | 18 | Caucus (Democrat) | 723,607 | 381,039 |
| 27 | 51.8% | New Mexico | 2 | Conference (Republican) Associate | 663,956 | 343,856 |
| 28 | 51.2% | California | 21 | Conference (Republican) | 784,176 | 401,194 |
| 29 | 50.6% | New Jersey | 13 | Caucus (Democrat) | 684,965 | 346,294 |
| 30 | 50.4% | California | 17 | Sam Farr (Jun 8, 1993) | 664,240 | 334,955 |
| 35 | 45.2% | California | 45 | Conference (Republican) Associate | 914,209 | 413,441 |
| 36 | 44.6% | New York | 12 | Caucus (Democrat) | 672,358 | 299,572 |
| 40 | 42.4% | Texas | 32 | Conference (Republican) Associate | 640,419 | 271,442 |
| 46 | 39.0% | New Mexico | 3 | Caucus (Democrat) | 693,284 | 270,117 |
| 57 | 33.8% | Texas | 19 | Conference (Republican) Associate | 698,137 | 235,973 |
| 107 | 20.8% | Arizona | 2 | Conference (Republican) Associate | 972,839 | 202,001 |
| 213 | 9.9% | Idaho | 1 | Conference (Republican) | 841,930 | 83,326 |
| 255 | 7.4% | Washington | 3 | Conference (Republican) | 779,348 | 57,604 |
Districts with an African-American plurality
- Florida's 3rd congressional district
- Missouri's 1st congressional district
- Texas's 9th congressional district
- Texas's 18th congressional district
Districts with a Hispanic/Latino plurality
- California's 16th congressional district
- California's 18th congressional district
- California's 33rd congressional district
- California's 35th congressional district
- California's 37th congressional district
- New York's 12th congressional district
- New York's 15th congressional district
- Texas's 30th congressional district
Districts with a white plurality (majority-minority)
- California's 7th congressional district
- California's 6th congressional district
- California's 5th congressional district
- California's 12th congressional district
- California's 13th congressional district
- California's 15th congressional district
- California's 17th congressional district
- California's 21st congressional district
- California's 23rd congressional district
- California's 27th congressional district
- California's 29th congressional district
- California's 36th congressional district
- California's 40th congressional district
- Florida's 11th congressional district
- Georgia's 13th congressional district
- Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
- New York's 5th congressional district
- New York's 27th congressional district
- Washington's 9th congressional district
See also
- Majority minority
- Race in the United States
- Voting Rights Act
References
^ "2015 American Community Survey".
^ Bacon Jr, Perry (July 20, 2010). "Black Caucus lines up for white Steve Cohen over black rival". The Washington Post.
External links
Use of Racial Data in Redistricting - Background Paper Prepared for the Minnesota Legislature Subcommittee on Geographic Information Systems- Majority-Minority Voting Districts and Their Role in Politics: Their Advantages, Their Drawbacks, and the Current Law
- Voting wrongs - racial reapportionment
- Race and Redistricting: The Shaw-Cromartie Cases
- The Electoral Competitiveness of Majority-Minority Districts
Redrawing Lines of Power: Redistricting 2011 Making Contact, produced by the National Radio Project, April 12, 2011