House of Oldenburg

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House of Oldenburg

Arms of the County of Oldenburg.svg
Country
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, Russian Empire, Kingdom of Denmark, Kingdom of Norway, Kingdom of Sweden, Kingdom of Greece, Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, Duchy of Schleswig, Duchy of Holstein
Founded
1101
Founder
Elimar I, Count of Oldenburg
Current head
Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein[1][2]
Final ruler
Russia:
Nicholas II of Russia (1894–1917)
Sweden:
Charles XIII of Sweden (1809–18)
Oldenburg:
Friedrich August II (1900–18)
Saxe-Lauenburg:
Christian IX (1864)
Schleswig-Holstein:
Christian IX (1864)
Titles
  • Emperor of Russia

  • King of Denmark

  • King of Norway

  • King of Sweden

  • King of Greece

  • King of Iceland

  • Grand Duke of Oldenburg

  • Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg

  • Duke of Schleswig and Holstein

Estate(s)
Oldenburg, Russia, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Greece, Schleswig-Holstein
Deposition
Russia:
February Revolution 1917
Sweden:
1818 (junior line extinct after the Coup of 1809 deposed the senior line)
Greece:
Greek military junta of 1967–74 1973
Oldenburg:
German Revolution of 1918–19 1918
Saxe-Lauenburg:
Second Schleswig War 1864
Schleswig-Holstein:
Second Schleswig War 1864
Cadet branches

  • Augustenburg (extinct)

  • Glücksburg

  • Holstein-Gottorp

  • Romanov line


  • Swedish line (extinct)

  • Grand ducal line

The House of Oldenburg is a European dynasty of North German origin. It is one of Europe's most influential royal houses, with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Iceland, Greece, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Schleswig, Holstein, and Oldenburg. The current Queen of Denmark and King of Norway, the former King of Greece, the consort of the monarch of the United Kingdom, as well as the first thirteen persons in the line of succession to the British throne, are all patrilineal members of the Glücksburg branch of this house.


The dynasty rose to prominence when Count Christian I of Oldenburg was elected as King of Denmark in 1448, of Norway in 1450 and of Sweden in 1457. The house has occupied the Danish throne ever since.




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Main line


  • 3 Branches


  • 4 Gallery


  • 5 See also


  • 6 Footnotes


  • 7 External links




History


Marriages of medieval counts of Oldenburg had paved the way for their heirs to become kings of various Scandinavian kingdoms. Through marriage with a descendant of King Valdemar I of Sweden and of King Eric IV of Denmark, a claim to Sweden and Denmark was staked, since 1350.


At that time, its competitors were the successors of Margaret I of Denmark. In the 15th century, the Oldenburg heir of that claim married Hedwig of Schauenburg, a descendant of Euphemia of Sweden and Norway and also a descendant of Eric V of Denmark and Abel of Denmark. Since descendants better situated in genealogical charts died out, their son Christian (the abovementioned) became the king of all three kingdoms of the whole Kalmar Union. The House of Mecklenburg was its chief competitor regarding the Northern thrones, and other aspirants included the Duke of Lauenburg. Different Oldenburgine branches have reigned in several countries. The House of Oldenburg was briefly poised to claim the British thrones through the marriage of Queen Anne and Prince George of Denmark and Norway; however, due to the early deaths of all their children, the crown passed to the House of Hanover.



Main line


  • Kings of Denmark (1448–1863)

  • Kings of Norway (1450–1814)

  • Kings of Sweden (1457–64, 1497–1501 and 1520–21)

  • Counts of Oldenburg (1101–1773)

  • Dukes of Schleswig and Counts of Holstein (1460–1544)

  • Dukes of Schleswig and Holstein, ruling only part of the Duchies (1544–1721/1773)

  • Dukes of Schleswig (1721–1864, ruling the entire Duchy)

  • Dukes of Holstein (1773–1864, ruling the entire Duchy)


Branches



  • Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, extinct in male line in 1931

    1. Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein (claimant in 1863, then titular dukes until 1931)


  • Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
    1. Dukes of Schleswig-Holstein (titular dukes since 1931)


    2. Kings of Denmark (since 1863)


    3. King of Iceland (1918–44)


    4. Kings of the Hellenes (1863–1924, 1935–73)

      • Mountbatten-Windsor line: although Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, his children and his sons' children are patrilineally descended from this branch, his male-line descendants bearing the style of "Royal Highness" are de jure members of the House of Windsor, by declaration of the British monarch.[3]


    5. Kings of Norway (since 1905)



  • Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
    1. Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp (1544–1739)

    • Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (commonly still called Romanov)
      1. Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp (1739–73)


      2. Tsars of Russia (1762 and 1796–1917)



    • Holstein-Gottorp (Swedish line), extinct
      1. Kings of Sweden (1751–1818)

      2. King of Norway (1814–18)



    • Holstein-Gottorp (Grand ducal line)

      1. Dukes, later Grand Dukes of Oldenburg (1773–1918)



Gallery





  • The first Oldenburg king was Christian I of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (1426-1481)







  • Sweden's most prominent Oldenburg king was Gustav III (1746-1792)







  • Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1852–1931)







  • Nicholas II (1868-1918) was the last Emperor of Russia







  • Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince of Greece and Denmark (*1921)







  • King Harald V of Norway (*1937)







  • Queen Sofía of Spain, Princess of Greece and Denmark (*1938)







  • Queen Margrethe II of Denmark (*1940)







  • Former King Constantine II of Greece (*1940) and his wife Anne-Marie of Greece, a princess of Denmark (*1946)







  • The current (2017) head of the House of Oldenburg[4]Christoph of Schleswig-Holstein (*1949)





See also







  • List of rulers of Oldenburg

  • List of consorts of Oldenburg


  • List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein (contains more information about the partitions of Schleswig and Holstein)


  • List of members of the House of Oldenburg (male descendants of the Glücksburg branch)



  • Family tree of Oldenburg monarchs of Denmark
    • Genealogical Chart of the Danish House of Oldenburg/Oldenborg and Glucksburg/Glucksborg


    • Oldenborg Dynasty Family Tree (in Czech)



  • Genealogy of the House of Oldenburg from 1040 to the present day (in German)



  • Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, for the minor branches of the House of Oldenburg

  • Coat of arms of Oldenburg


  • Armorial of the House of Oldenburg (in French)



Footnotes




  1. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVII. "Oldenburg". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2004, pp.44-50. ISBN 9783798008335.


  2. ^ Burke's Royal Families of the World ISBN 0-85011-023-8 p. 60


  3. ^ Royal Styles and Titles – 1960 Letters Patent


  4. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVI. Haus Holstein. C.A. Starke Verlag, 2001, pp.44-50. (German). ISBN 3-7980-0824-8.




External links



  • Media related to House of Oldenburg at Wikimedia Commons


  • Marek, Miroslav, The House of Oldenburg, Genealogy.EU .

































House of Oldenburg

Preceded by
House of Romanov

Imperial house of Russia
1762–1917

Vacant
February Revolution

Preceded by
House of Wittelsbach

Royal house of Greece
1863–1973

Monarchy abolished
Preceded by
House of Palatinate-Neumarkt

Royal house of Denmark
1448–present

Present house
(branch: Glücksburg)
Preceded by
House of Bernadotte

Royal house of Norway
1905–present

Vacant
Title last held by

House of Bonde

Royal house of Norway
1450–1818
Succeeded by
House of Bernadotte

Royal house of Sweden
1457-1464

Vacant
Title next held by

House of Bonde

Royal house of Sweden
1497–1501

Vacant

Vacant

Royal house of Sweden
1520–1521

Vacant
Title next held by

House of Vasa
Preceded by
House of Schaumburg

Comital House of Holstein
1460–1474

County raised to duchy

Ducal house of Schleswig
1474-1864

Second Schleswig War

County raised to duchy

Ducal House of Holstein
1474-1864

Vacant
Title last held by

House of Hanover

Ducal House of Saxe-Lauenburg
1814–1864

Vacant
Title next held by

House of Hohenzollern







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