72nd United States Congress

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72nd United States Congress


71st ←

→ 73rd


USCapitol1906.jpg

United States Capitol (1906)

March 4, 1931 – March 4, 1933
Senate President
Charles Curtis (R)
Senate Pres. pro tem
George H. Moses (R)
House Speaker
John N. Garner (D)
Members96 senators
435 representatives
5 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityRepublican
House Majority
Republican, then Democratic
Sessions

1st: December 7, 1931 – July 16, 1932
2nd: December 2, 1932 – March 3, 1933

The Seventy-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1931, to March 4, 1933, during the last two years of Herbert Hoover's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Thirteenth Decennial Census of the United States in 1910. The Senate had a Republican majority. The House started with a very slim Republican majority, but by the time it first met in December 1931, the Democrats had gained a majority through special elections.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Constitutional amendments


  • 4 Party summary

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Leadership

    • 5.1 Senate

      • 5.1.1 Majority (Republican)


      • 5.1.2 Minority (Democratic)



    • 5.2 House of Representatives

      • 5.2.1 Majority (Democratic)


      • 5.2.2 Minority (Republican)




  • 6 Members

    • 6.1 Senate

      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arizona


      • 6.1.3 Arkansas


      • 6.1.4 California


      • 6.1.5 Colorado


      • 6.1.6 Connecticut


      • 6.1.7 Delaware


      • 6.1.8 Florida


      • 6.1.9 Georgia


      • 6.1.10 Idaho


      • 6.1.11 Illinois


      • 6.1.12 Indiana


      • 6.1.13 Iowa


      • 6.1.14 Kansas


      • 6.1.15 Kentucky


      • 6.1.16 Louisiana


      • 6.1.17 Maine


      • 6.1.18 Maryland


      • 6.1.19 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.20 Michigan


      • 6.1.21 Minnesota


      • 6.1.22 Mississippi


      • 6.1.23 Missouri


      • 6.1.24 Montana


      • 6.1.25 Nebraska


      • 6.1.26 Nevada


      • 6.1.27 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.28 New Jersey


      • 6.1.29 New Mexico


      • 6.1.30 New York


      • 6.1.31 North Carolina


      • 6.1.32 North Dakota


      • 6.1.33 Ohio


      • 6.1.34 Oklahoma


      • 6.1.35 Oregon


      • 6.1.36 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.37 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.38 South Carolina


      • 6.1.39 South Dakota


      • 6.1.40 Tennessee


      • 6.1.41 Texas


      • 6.1.42 Utah


      • 6.1.43 Vermont


      • 6.1.44 Virginia


      • 6.1.45 Washington


      • 6.1.46 West Virginia


      • 6.1.47 Wisconsin


      • 6.1.48 Wyoming



    • 6.2 House of Representatives

      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arizona


      • 6.2.3 Arkansas


      • 6.2.4 California


      • 6.2.5 Colorado


      • 6.2.6 Connecticut


      • 6.2.7 Delaware


      • 6.2.8 Florida


      • 6.2.9 Georgia


      • 6.2.10 Idaho


      • 6.2.11 Illinois


      • 6.2.12 Indiana


      • 6.2.13 Iowa


      • 6.2.14 Kansas


      • 6.2.15 Kentucky


      • 6.2.16 Louisiana


      • 6.2.17 Maine


      • 6.2.18 Maryland


      • 6.2.19 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.20 Michigan


      • 6.2.21 Minnesota


      • 6.2.22 Mississippi


      • 6.2.23 Missouri


      • 6.2.24 Montana


      • 6.2.25 Nebraska


      • 6.2.26 Nevada


      • 6.2.27 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.28 New Jersey


      • 6.2.29 New Mexico


      • 6.2.30 New York


      • 6.2.31 North Carolina


      • 6.2.32 North Dakota


      • 6.2.33 Ohio


      • 6.2.34 Oklahoma


      • 6.2.35 Oregon


      • 6.2.36 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.37 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.38 South Carolina


      • 6.2.39 South Dakota


      • 6.2.40 Tennessee


      • 6.2.41 Texas


      • 6.2.42 Utah


      • 6.2.43 Vermont


      • 6.2.44 Virginia


      • 6.2.45 Washington


      • 6.2.46 West Virginia


      • 6.2.47 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.48 Wyoming


      • 6.2.49 Non-voting members




  • 7 Changes in membership

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives



  • 8 Committees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees



  • 9 Caucuses


  • 10 Employees

    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives



  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links




Major events



  • Ongoing: Great Depression

  • January 12, 1932: Hattie Wyatt Caraway of Arkansas became the first woman elected to the United States Senate. (Rebecca Latimer Felton of Georgia had been appointed to fill a vacancy in 1922; the 87-year-old Felton served one day as a Senator.) Caraway had won a special election to fill the remaining months of the term of her late husband, Senator Thaddeus Caraway. She won re-election to a full term in 1932 and again in 1938 and served in the Senate until January 1945.[1]

  • July 28, 1932: Bonus Army was dispersed.

  • November 8, 1932: United States elections, 1932:

    • United States presidential election, 1932: Incumbent Republicans Herbert Hoover and Charles Curtis lost to Democrats Franklin Roosevelt as President, and John Nance Garner as Vice President.


    • United States Senate elections, 1932: Democrats gained 12 seats for a 59–36 majority.


    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1932: Democrats gained 97 seats for a 313–117 majority.



Major legislation



  • January 22, 1932: Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act, Sess. 1, ch. 8, 47 Stat. 5

  • March 23, 1932: Norris-LaGuardia Act, Sess. 1, ch. 90, 47 Stat. 70

  • June 6, 1932: Revenue Act of 1932, Sess. 1, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169

  • July 22, 1932: Federal Home Loan Bank Act, Sess. 1, ch. 522, 47 Stat. 725

  • March 3, 1933: Buy American Act, Sess. 2, ch. 212, title III, 47 Stat. 1520


Constitutional amendments


  • March 2, 1932: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution moving the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president from March 4 to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 3, and also establishing what is to be done when there is no president-elect, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
    • January 23, 1933: The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 36) to become part of the Constitution.

  • February 20, 1933: Approved an amendment to the U.S. Constitution repealing the Eighteenth Amendment, and submitted it to state ratifying conventions for ratification
    • Amendment was later ratified on December 5, 1933, becoming the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate



















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Farmer-Labor
(FL)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

41

1

54
96
0

Begin

47

1

48

96
0
End 46 951
Final voting share 7001484000000000000♠48.4% 7000110000000000000♠1.1% 7001505000000000000♠50.5%
Beginning of the next congress

59

1

36
96
0


House of Representatives
























































































































































































































Affiliation
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)

Total






Democratic

Farmer-Labor

Republican
Vacant
End of previous Congress
164
1
269
435
1

Begin
215
1
218
434
1
March 16, 1931
214
433
2
May 12, 1931
215
434
1
May 26, 1931
217
433
2
May 29, 1931
214
432
3
July 4, 1931
216
431
4
July 13, 1931
213
430
5
July 18, 1931
215
429
6
July 28, 1931
212
428
7
August 9, 1931
214
429
8
September 9, 1931
213
428
7
September 29, 1931
214
214
429
6
October 13, 1931
215
430
5
October 18, 1931
214
429
6
October 22, 1931
214
213
428
7
November 3, 1931
217
215
433
2
November 6, 1931
214
432
3
November 24, 1931
218
433
2
December 1, 1931
Beginning of first session
219
1
214
434
1
January 5, 1932
220
435
0
January 29, 1932
213
434
1
February 4, 1932
218
432
3
March 2, 1932
219
433
2
March 15, 1932
220
434
1
April 1, 1932
212
433
2
April 5, 1932
221
211
April 21, 1932
210
432
3
April 26, 1932
211
433
2
May 31, 1932
210
432
3
June 14, 1932
220
431
4
July 23, 1932
219
430
5
August 14, 1932
220
431
4
October 5, 1932
219
430
5
October 7, 1932
218
429
6
November 6, 1932
217
428
7
November 8, 1932
220
212
433
2
November 29, 1932
211
432
3
December 3, 1932
210
431
4
December 13, 1932
219
430
5
January 7, 1933
209
429
6
January 8, 1933
208
428
7
January 28, 1933
220
429
6
February 16, 1933
207
428
7
Final voting share
51.4%
0.2%
48.4%

Non-voting members
0
0
2
5
0

Beginning of next Congress
256
1
178
434
1


Leadership




President of the Senate
Charles Curtis (R)



Senate



  • President: Charles Curtis (R)


  • President pro tempore: George H. Moses (R)


Majority (Republican)



  • Majority Leader: James E. Watson


  • Majority Whip: Simeon D. Fess


  • Republican Conference Secretary: Frederick Hale


Minority (Democratic)



  • Minority Leader: Joseph T. Robinson


  • Minority Whip: Morris Sheppard


  • Democratic Caucus Secretary: Hugo Black


House of Representatives


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House Speaker


John N. Garner


John Garner (D)



Nicholas Longworth


Nicholas Longworth (R)



Republican Longworth had served as Speaker in the previous Congress. He would have been re-elected as Speaker in this Congress had the House convened in March 1931, when Republicans had a tiny 3-seat majority. By December 7, 1931, when the first session of the Congress began, Democrats gained enough seats through deaths and special elections to take control and elect one of their own as Speaker. Longworth himself died on April 9, 1931, during this time between the beginning of the Congress and its first session.



  • Speaker: John N. Garner (D)


Majority (Democratic)



  • Majority Leader: Henry T. Rainey


  • Majority Whip: John McDuffie


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: William W. Arnold


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Joseph W. Byrns Sr.


Minority (Republican)



  • Minority Leader: Bertrand H. Snell


  • Minority Whip: Carl G. Bachmann


  • Republican Conference Chair: Willis C. Hawley


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.



Senate


Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1934; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1936; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1932.









House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.










Changes in membership



Senate


  • Replacements: 8

  • No net gains for either party

  • Deaths: 6

  • Resignations: 3

  • Interim appointments: 4

  • Total seats with changes: 11




























































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Vermont
(3)

Frank C. Partridge (R)
Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.
Successor elected March 31, 1931.

Warren Austin (R)
April 1, 1931

New Jersey
(2)

Dwight Morrow (R)
Died October 5, 1931.
Successor was appointed and later elected.

William W. Barbour (R)
December 1, 1931

Arkansas
(3)

Thaddeus H. Caraway (D)
Died November 6, 1931.
Successor was appointed to finish the term.

Hattie Caraway (D)
November 13, 1931

Georgia
(2)

William J. Harris (D)
Died April 18, 1932.
Successor was appointed to finish the term.

John S. Cohen (D)
April 25, 1932

Colorado
(3)

Charles W. Waterman (R)
Died August 27, 1932.
Successor was appointed to finish the term.

Walter Walker (D)
September 16, 1932

Washington
(3)

Wesley L. Jones (R)
Died November 19, 1932.
Successor was appointed to finish the term.

Elijah S. Grammer (R)
November 22, 1932

Colorado
(3)

Walter Walker (D)
Interim appointee lost election to finish term.
Successor elected November 8, 1932.

Karl C. Schuyler (R)
December 7, 1932

North Carolina
(3)

Cameron A. Morrison (D)
Interim appointee lost election to finish term.
Successor elected November 8, 1932.

Robert R Reynolds (D)
December 5, 1932

Georgia
(2)

John S. Cohen (D)
Interim appointee lost election to finish term.
Successor elected January 12, 1933.

Richard Russell, Jr. (D)
January 12, 1933

Missouri
(3)

Harry B. Hawes (D)
Incumbent retired and then resigned early February 3, 1933.
Successor appointed having already been elected.

Bennett Champ Clark (D)
February 3, 1933

Montana
(2)

Thomas J. Walsh (D)
Died March 2, 1933
Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Vacant


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 23

    • Democratic: 6 seat net gain


    • Republican: 6 seat net loss


  • Deaths: 24

  • Resignations: 7

  • Contested election: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 32


























































































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Wisconsin 1st
Vacant
Representative Henry A. Cooper (R) died in previous congress.

Thomas R. Amlie (R)
October 13, 1931

Louisiana 8th

James B. Aswell (D)
Died March 16, 1931

John H. Overton (D)
May 12, 1931

Ohio 1st

Nicholas Longworth (R)
Died April 9, 1931

John B. Hollister (R)
November 3, 1931

New York 7th

Matthew V. O'Malley (R)
Died May 26, 1931

John J. Delaney (D)
November 3, 1931

Ohio 20th

Charles A. Mooney (D)
Died May 29, 1931

Martin L. Sweeney (D)
November 3, 1931

Pennsylvania 2nd

George S. Graham (R)
Died July 4, 1931

Edward L. Stokes (R)
November 3, 1931

Georgia 1st

Charles G. Edwards (D)
Died July 13, 1931

Homer C. Parker (D)
September 9, 1931

Michigan 8th

Bird J. Vincent (R)
Died July 18, 1931

Michael J. Hart (D)
November 3, 1931

Missouri 7th

Samuel C. Major (D)
Died July 28, 1931

Robert D. Johnson (D)
September 29, 1931

New Jersey 5th

Ernest R. Ackerman (R)
Died October 18, 1931

Percy H. Stewart (D)
December 1, 1931

New Hampshire 1st

Fletcher Hale (R)
Died October 22, 1931

William N. Rogers (D)
January 5, 1932

Texas 14th

Harry M. Wurzbach (R)
Died November 6, 1931

Richard M. Kleberg (D)
November 24, 1931

Pennsylvania 20th

James R. Leech (R)
Resigned January 29, 1932, to become a member of the United States Board of Tax Appeals

Howard W. Stull (R)
April 26, 1932

Mississippi 7th

Percy Quin (D)
Died February 4, 1932

Lawrence R. Ellzey (D)
March 15, 1932

Georgia 6th

Samuel Rutherford (D)
Died February 4, 1932

Carlton Mobley (D)
March 2, 1932

Indiana 8th

Albert H. Vestal (R)
Died April 1, 1932
Seat remained vacant until next Congress.

Illinois 8th

Peter C. Granata (R)
Lost contested election April 5, 1932

Stanley H. Kunz (D)
April 5, 1932

Puerto Rico At-large

Félix Córdova Dávila
resigned April 11, 1932, to become Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico

José Lorenzo Pesquera
April 15, 1932

Pennsylvania 18th

Edward M. Beers (R)
Died April 21, 1932

Joseph F. Biddle (R)
November 8, 1932

Pennsylvania 6th

George A. Welsh (R)
Resigned May 31, 1932, to become judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Robert L. Davis (R)
November 8, 1932

Tennessee 7th

Edward E. Eslick (D)
Died June 14, 1932

Willa McCord Blake Eslick (D)
August 14, 1932

Virginia 10th

Henry St. George Tucker III (D)
Died July 23, 1932

Joel W. Flood (D)
November 8, 1932

Maryland 4th

J. Charles Linthicum (D)
Died October 5, 1932

Ambrose J. Kennedy (D)
November 8, 1932

Georgia 3rd

Charles R. Crisp (D)
Resigned October 7, 1932, to become a member of the US Tariff Commission

Bryant T. Castellow (D)
November 8, 1932

Illinois 22nd

Charles A. Karch (D)
Resigned November 6, 1932
Seat remained vacant until next Congress.

Michigan 9th

James C. McLaughlin (R)
Died November 29, 1932
Seat remained vacant until next Congress.

Connecticut 3rd

John Q. Tilson (R)
Resigned December 3, 1932
Seat remained vacant until next Congress.

Texas 8th

Daniel E. Garrett (D)
Died December 13, 1932

Joe H. Eagle (D)
January 28, 1933

Oregon 2nd

Robert R. Butler (R)
Died January 7, 1933
Seat remained vacant until next Congress.

Pennsylvania 24th

Samuel A. Kendall (R)
Died January 8, 1933
Seat remained vacant until next Congress.

Minnesota 10th

Godfrey G. Goodwin (R)
Died February 16, 1933
Seat remained vacant until next Congress.


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (5 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.









Joint committees



  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers

  • The Library

  • Taxation

  • Veterans' Affairs


Caucuses



  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)


Employees



  • Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn


  • Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver


  • Comptroller General of the United States: John R. McCarl


  • Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam


  • Public Printer of the United States: George H. Carter


Senate



  • Chaplain: ZeBarney T. Phillips (Episcopalian)


  • Secretary: Edwin P. Thayer


  • Sergeant at Arms: David S. Barry

  • Democratic Party Secretary: Edwin A. Halsey

  • Republican Party Secretary: Carl A. Loeffler


House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: James S. Montgomery (Methodist)


  • Clerk: South Trimble


  • Doorkeeper: Joseph J. Sinnott


  • Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler


  • Postmaster: Finis E. Scott


  • Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan (D) and N/A (R)


  • Sergeant at Arms: Kenneth Romney


See also


  • List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 72nd Congress by seniority

  • List of United States Senators in the 72nd Congress by seniority


  • United States elections, 1930 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1930 and 1931

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1930



  • United States elections, 1932 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1932

    • United States Senate elections, 1932

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1932



References




  1. ^ Senate.gov


  2. ^ Huey Long (D-Louisiana) was elected to the U.S. Senate in November 1930 for the term beginning March 1931. He chose not to take his seat, preferring instead to remain as Governor of Louisiana. On January 25, 1932, he formally joined the Senate. However, he was duly elected and qualified as U.S. Senator from March 1931.




  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 72nd Congress (PDF).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 72nd Congress, 1st Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 72nd Congress, 1st Session (Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 72nd Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 72nd Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).







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