19th United States Congress

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19th United States Congress


18th ←

→ 20th


USCapitol1827A.gif

United States Capitol (1827)

March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1827
Senate President
John C. Calhoun (DR)
Senate Pres. pro tem
John Gaillard (DR)
Nathaniel Macon (DR)
House Speaker
John W. Taylor (DR)
Members48 senators
213 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityJackson Men
House MajorityAnti-Jackson
Sessions

Special: March 4, 1825 – March 9, 1825
1st: December 5, 1825 – May 22, 1826
2nd: December 4, 1826 – March 3, 1827

The Nineteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Treaties signed


  • 4 Party summary

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Leadership

    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives



  • 6 Members

    • 6.1 Senate

      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Connecticut


      • 6.1.3 Delaware


      • 6.1.4 Georgia


      • 6.1.5 Illinois


      • 6.1.6 Indiana


      • 6.1.7 Kentucky


      • 6.1.8 Louisiana


      • 6.1.9 Maine


      • 6.1.10 Maryland


      • 6.1.11 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.12 Mississippi


      • 6.1.13 Missouri


      • 6.1.14 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.15 New Jersey


      • 6.1.16 New York


      • 6.1.17 North Carolina


      • 6.1.18 Ohio


      • 6.1.19 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.20 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.21 South Carolina


      • 6.1.22 Tennessee


      • 6.1.23 Vermont


      • 6.1.24 Virginia



    • 6.2 House of Representatives

      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Connecticut


      • 6.2.3 Delaware


      • 6.2.4 Georgia


      • 6.2.5 Illinois


      • 6.2.6 Indiana


      • 6.2.7 Kentucky


      • 6.2.8 Louisiana


      • 6.2.9 Maine


      • 6.2.10 Maryland


      • 6.2.11 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.12 Mississippi


      • 6.2.13 Missouri


      • 6.2.14 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.15 New Jersey


      • 6.2.16 New York


      • 6.2.17 North Carolina


      • 6.2.18 Ohio


      • 6.2.19 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.20 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.21 South Carolina


      • 6.2.22 Tennessee


      • 6.2.23 Vermont


      • 6.2.24 Virginia


      • 6.2.25 Non-voting members




  • 7 Changes in membership

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives



  • 8 Committees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees



  • 9 Employees

    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives



  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links




Major events



  • March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States

  • October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York, to Buffalo and Lake Erie.

  • July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence


Major legislation



  • [Data unknown/missing.]


Treaties signed


  • November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas

  • January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate



















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Anti-
Jacksonian
(A)

Jacksonian
(J)
Other
End of the previous congress
(Adams & Clay factions)

16
(Jackson faction)

12
(Crawford faction)

20
48
0

Begin

20

25

0

45
3
End 23 480
Final voting share 7001479000000000000♠47.9% 7001521000000000000♠52.1% 5000000000000000000♠0.0%
Beginning of the next congress

20

27

1
48
0


House of Representatives


















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Anti-
Jacksonian
(A)

Jacksonian
(J)
Other
End of the previous congress
(Adams & Clay factions)

87
(Jacksonian)

71
(Crawford faction)

55
213
0

Begin

108

105

0

213
0
End 110 103
Final voting share 7001516000000000000♠51.6% 7001484000000000000♠48.4% 5000000000000000000♠0.0%
Beginning of the next congress

102

110

0
212
1


Leadership




President of the Senate
John C. Calhoun



Senate



  • President: John C. Calhoun (J)


  • President pro tempore: John Gaillard (J), until December 4, 1825

    • Nathaniel Macon (J), from May 20, 1826


House of Representatives




Speaker of the House
John W. Taylor



  • Speaker: John W. Taylor (A)


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by Class and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831.









House of Representatives









Changes in membership


This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • replacements: 7

    • Adams (A): 3-seat net gain


    • Jacksonian (J): no net change


  • deaths: 4

  • resignations: 6

  • interim appointments: 4

  • Total seats with changes: 13






























































































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

New Hampshire
(3)
Vacant
Seat remained vacant

Levi Woodbury (J)
Installed March 16, 1825

Connecticut
(3)
Vacant
Seat remained vacant

Calvin Willey (A)
Installed May 4, 1825

New York
(3)
Vacant
Seat remained vacant

Nathan Sanford (A)
Installed January 14, 1826, after resigning as Chancellor of New York

Virginia
(1)

James Barbour (J)
Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of War

John Randolph (J)
Appointed December 26, 1825

Mississippi
(1)

David Holmes (J)
Resigned September 25, 1825, after being elected Governor of Mississippi

Powhatan Ellis (J)
Appointed September 28, 1825

Tennessee
(2)

Andrew Jackson (J)
Resigned October 14, 1825

Hugh Lawson White (J)
Installed October 28, 1825

Rhode Island
(1)

James De Wolf (A)
Resigned October 31, 1825

Asher Robbins (A)
Appointed October 31, 1825

Maryland
(3)

Edward Lloyd (J)
Resigned January 14, 1826, after being elected to the Maryland State Senate

Ezekiel F. Chambers (A)
Elected January 24, 1826

Alabama
(3)

Henry H. Chambers (J)
Died January 24, 1826

Israel Pickens (J)
Appointed February 17, 1826

Mississippi
(1)

Powhatan Ellis (J)
Successor elected January 28, 1826

Thomas B. Reed (J)
Installed January 28, 1826

South Carolina
(3)

John Gaillard (J)
Died February 26, 1826

William Harper (J)
Appointed March 8, 1826

Delaware
(2)

Nicholas Van Dyke (A)
Died May 21, 1826

Daniel Rodney (A)
Appointed November 8, 1826

Massachusetts
(2)

James Lloyd (A)
Resigned May 23, 1826

Nathaniel Silsbee (A)
Installed May 31, 1826

New Jersey
(1)

Joseph McIlvaine (A)
Died August 19, 1826

Ephraim Bateman(A)
Installed November 10, 1826

Alabama
(3)

Israel Pickens (J)
Successor elected November 27, 1826

John McKinley (J)
Installed November 27, 1826

South Carolina
(3)

William Harper (J)
Successor elected November 29, 1826

William Smith (J)
Installed November 29, 1826

Delaware
(2)

Daniel Rodney (A)
Resigned January 12, 1827, after successor was elected

Henry M. Ridgely (A)
Installed January 23, 1827


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 11
    • Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain

    • Jackson Men: 1 seat net loss


  • deaths: 5

  • resignations: 10

  • contested election: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 16

























































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Kentucky
3rd

Henry Clay (A)
Resigned March 6, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of State

James Clark (A)
Seated August 1, 1825

South Carolina
1st

Joel R. Poinsett (J)
Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed Minister to Mexico

William Drayton (J)
Seated May 17, 1825

Pennsylvania
16th

James Allison, Jr. (J)
Resigned August 26, 1825 before the assembling of Congress

Robert Orr, Jr. (J)
Seated October 11, 1825

New York
20th

Egbert Ten Eyck (J)
Lost contested election December 15, 1825

Daniel Hugunin, Jr. (A)
Seated December 15, 1825

Virginia
5th

John Randolph (J)
Resigned December 26, 1825, after being appointed to the US Senate

George W. Crump (J)
Seated January 21, 1826

Maryland
2nd

Joseph Kent (A)
Resigned January 6, 1826, after being elected Governor of Maryland

John C. Weems (J)
Seated February 1, 1826

Pennsylvania
18th

Patrick Farrelly (J)
Died January 12, 1826

Thomas H. Sill (A)
Seated March 14, 1826

Mississippi
At-large

Christopher Rankin (J)
Died March 14, 1826

William Haile (J)
Seated July 10, 1826

North Carolina
8th

Willie P. Mangum (J)
Resigned March 18, 1826

Daniel L. Barringer (J)
Seated December 4, 1826

Pennsylvania
13th

Alexander Thomson (J)
Resigned May 1, 1826

Chauncey Forward (J)
Seated December 4, 1826

Ohio
10th

David Jennings (A)
Resigned May 25, 1826

Thomas Shannon (A)
Seated December 4, 1826

Kentucky
5th

James Johnson (J)
Died August 13, 1826

Robert L. McHatton (J)
Seated December 7, 1826

Pennsylvania
7th

Henry Wilson (J)
Died August 14, 1826

Jacob Krebs (J)
Seated December 4, 1826

Kentucky
12th

Robert P. Henry (J)
Died August 25, 1826

John F. Henry (A)
Seated December 11, 1826

Maine
5th

Enoch Lincoln (A)
Resigned before September 11, 1826

James W. Ripley (J)
Seated September 11, 1826

Pennsylvania
2nd

Joseph Hemphill (J)
Resigned before October 10, 1826

Thomas Kittera (A)
Seated October 10, 1826


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders.



Senate


  • Agriculture

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate


  • Bankruptcy (Select)

  • Claims

  • Commerce


  • Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations


  • French Spoilations (Select)


  • Georgia and the Creek Indians (Select)

  • Indian Affairs

  • Judiciary

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Private Land Claims

  • Public Lands


  • Roads and Canals (Select)


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Whole


House of Representatives


  • Accounts

  • Agriculture


  • American Colonization Society (Select)


  • Apportionment of Representatives (Select)


  • Bills of Exchange (Select)

  • Claims

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Elections

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Military Pensions

  • Naval Affairs

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Lands

  • Revisal and Unfinished Business

  • Revolutionary Claims


  • Rules (Select)

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole


Joint committees


  • Enrolled Bills

  • Police and Preservation of the Capital


Employees



  • Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch


  • Librarian of Congress: George Watterston


Senate



  • Chaplain: William Staughton (Baptist), elected December 12, 1825

    • William Ryland (Methodist), elected December 8, 1826


  • Secretary of the Senate: Charles Cutts, until December 12, 1825

    • Walter Lowrie, elected December 12, 1825


  • Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly


House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian)


  • Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke


  • Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn


See also



  • United States elections, 1824 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1824

    • United States Senate elections, 1824 and 1825

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1825



  • United States elections, 1826 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1826 and 1827

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1826



References





  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists







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