55th United States Congress

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55th United States Congress


54th ←

→ 56th


USCapitol1906.jpg

United States Capitol (1906)

March 4, 1897 – March 4, 1899
Senate President
Garret Hobart (R)
Senate Pres. pro tem
William P. Frye (R)
House Speaker
Thomas B. Reed (R)
Members90 senators
357 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityRepublican
House MajorityRepublican
Sessions

Special: March 4, 1897 – March 10, 1897
1st: March 15, 1897 – July 24, 1897
2nd: December 6, 1897 – July 8, 1898
3rd: December 5, 1898 – March 3, 1899

The Fifty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1897, to March 4, 1899, during the first two years of William McKinley's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. Both chambers had a Republican majority. There was one African-American member, George Henry White, a Republican from the state of North Carolina.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Treaties ratified


  • 4 Party summary

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Leadership

    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives



  • 6 Members

    • 6.1 Senate

      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arkansas


      • 6.1.3 California


      • 6.1.4 Colorado


      • 6.1.5 Connecticut


      • 6.1.6 Delaware


      • 6.1.7 Florida


      • 6.1.8 Georgia


      • 6.1.9 Idaho


      • 6.1.10 Illinois


      • 6.1.11 Indiana


      • 6.1.12 Iowa


      • 6.1.13 Kansas


      • 6.1.14 Kentucky


      • 6.1.15 Louisiana


      • 6.1.16 Maine


      • 6.1.17 Maryland


      • 6.1.18 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.19 Michigan


      • 6.1.20 Minnesota


      • 6.1.21 Mississippi


      • 6.1.22 Missouri


      • 6.1.23 Montana


      • 6.1.24 Nebraska


      • 6.1.25 Nevada


      • 6.1.26 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.27 New Jersey


      • 6.1.28 New York


      • 6.1.29 North Carolina


      • 6.1.30 North Dakota


      • 6.1.31 Ohio


      • 6.1.32 Oregon


      • 6.1.33 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.34 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.35 South Carolina


      • 6.1.36 South Dakota


      • 6.1.37 Tennessee


      • 6.1.38 Texas


      • 6.1.39 Utah


      • 6.1.40 Vermont


      • 6.1.41 Virginia


      • 6.1.42 Washington


      • 6.1.43 West Virginia


      • 6.1.44 Wisconsin


      • 6.1.45 Wyoming



    • 6.2 House of Representatives

      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arkansas


      • 6.2.3 California


      • 6.2.4 Colorado


      • 6.2.5 Connecticut


      • 6.2.6 Delaware


      • 6.2.7 Florida


      • 6.2.8 Georgia


      • 6.2.9 Idaho


      • 6.2.10 Illinois


      • 6.2.11 Indiana


      • 6.2.12 Iowa


      • 6.2.13 Kansas


      • 6.2.14 Kentucky


      • 6.2.15 Louisiana


      • 6.2.16 Maine


      • 6.2.17 Maryland


      • 6.2.18 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.19 Michigan


      • 6.2.20 Minnesota


      • 6.2.21 Mississippi


      • 6.2.22 Missouri


      • 6.2.23 Montana


      • 6.2.24 Nebraska


      • 6.2.25 Nevada


      • 6.2.26 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.27 New Jersey


      • 6.2.28 New York


      • 6.2.29 North Carolina


      • 6.2.30 North Dakota


      • 6.2.31 Ohio


      • 6.2.32 Oregon


      • 6.2.33 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.34 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.35 South Carolina


      • 6.2.36 South Dakota


      • 6.2.37 Tennessee


      • 6.2.38 Texas


      • 6.2.39 Utah


      • 6.2.40 Vermont


      • 6.2.41 Virginia


      • 6.2.42 Washington


      • 6.2.43 West Virginia


      • 6.2.44 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.45 Wyoming


      • 6.2.46 Non-voting members




  • 7 Changes in membership

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives



  • 8 Committees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees



  • 9 Caucuses


  • 10 Employees

    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives



  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links




Major events



  • March 4, 1897: William McKinley became President of the United States.

  • February 15, 1898: Spanish–American War: USS Maine exploded in Havana harbor.

  • December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris ended Spanish–American War, 30 Stat. 1754.


Major legislation



  • June 10: War Revenue Act of 1898

  • July 24, 1897: Dingley tariff, ch. 11, 30 Stat. 151, increased trade duties for revenue and protection

  • April 20, 1898: Teller Resolution (Cuba), 30 Stat. 738

  • April 25, 1898: United States declaration of war upon Spain (Spanish–American War), 30 Stat. 364

  • June 1, 1898: Erdman Act, 30 Stat. 424

  • June 13, 1898: War Revenue Act of 1898, 30 Stat. 448

  • July 1, 1898: Bankruptcy Act of 1898 (Henderson-Nelson Act), ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, gave companies an option of gaining protection from creditors.

  • July 7, 1898: Newlands Resolution, No. 55, 30 Stat. 750, authorized the annexation of the Republic of Hawaii

  • March 3, 1899: Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, Ch. 425, 33 Stat. 401, § 9, 30 Stat. 1151


Treaties ratified


  • February 6, 1899: Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish–American War. Guam, The Philippines, and Puerto Rico became possessions of the U.S.


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate


























































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Populist
(P)

Republican
(R)

Silver
Republican
(SR)

Silver
(S)
End of the previous congress

40

4

44

0

2
90
0

Begin

33

5

43

5

2

88
2
End 34 44 900
Final voting share 7001378009999900000♠37.8% 7000560000000099999♠5.6% 7001489000000000000♠48.9% 7000560000000099999♠5.6% 7000220000000000000♠2.2%
Beginning of the next congress

26

4

51

3

2
86
4


House of Representatives



























































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Populist
(P)

Republican
(R)

Independent
Republican
(IR)

Silver
Republican
(SR)

Silver
(S)
End of the previous congress

94

9

252

0

1

0
356
1

Begin

124

22

206

1

3

1

357
0
End 207 358
Final voting share 7001346000000000000♠34.6% 7000610000000000000♠6.1% 7001578000000000000♠57.8% 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999800000000000000♠0.8% 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
Beginning of the next congress

163

6

183

0

2

1
355
2


Leadership



Senate



  • President: Garret Hobart (R)


  • President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R)


  • Republican Conference Chairman: William B. Allison


  • Democratic Caucus Chair: Arthur Pue Gorman, until 1898

    • David Turpie, afterwards


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Charles James Faulkner


House of Representatives



  • Speaker: Thomas Brackett Reed (R)


  • Republican Conference Chair: Charles H. Grosvenor


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: James D. Richardson


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1898; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1900; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1902.










House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • replacements: 5

    • Democratic: no net change


    • Republican: no net change


  • deaths: 5

  • resignations: 0

  • Total seats with changes: 8














































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for vacancy
Subsequent
Date of successor's installation

Ohio
(1)

John Sherman (R)
Resigned March 4, 1897 to become U.S. Secretary of State.
Elected to fill remainder of term.

Mark Hanna (R)
March 5, 1897

Florida
(3)
Vacant
Failure to elect.
Successor elected May 14, 1897.[1]

Stephen R. Mallory (D)
May 15, 1897

Oregon
(3)
Vacant
Failure to elect.
Successor elected May 15, 1897.

Joseph Simon (R)
May 15, 1897

South Carolina
(3)

Joseph H. Earle (D)
Died May 20, 1897.
Successor was appointed and subsequently elected.

John L. McLaurin (D)
June 1, 1897

Tennessee
(2)

Isham G. Harris (D)
Died July 8, 1897.
Successor was appointed and subsequently elected.

Thomas B. Turley (D)
July 20, 1897

Mississippi
(1)

James Z. George (D)
Died August 14, 1897.
Successor was appointed and subsequently elected.

Hernando Money (D)
October 8, 1897

Mississippi
(2)

Edward C. Walthall (D)
Died April 21, 1898.
Successor was appointed and subsequently elected.

William V. Sullivan (D)
May 31, 1898

Vermont
(3)

Justin S. Morrill (R)
Died December 28, 1898.
Successor was appointed.

Jonathan Ross (R)
January 11, 1899


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 14

    • Democratic: 1 seat net loss


    • Republican: 1 seat net gain


  • deaths: 10

  • resignations: 9

  • contested election: 3

  • Total seats with changes: 23


















































































































District
Previous
Reason for change
Subsequent
Date of successor's installation

Pennsylvania 25th
Vacant
Rep.-elect James J. Davidson died before being seated. Showalter was elected to finish term.

Joseph B. Showalter (R)
April 20, 1897

Missouri 1st
Vacant
Rep.-elect Richard P. Giles died before being seated. Lloyd was elected to finish term.

James T. Lloyd (D)
June 1, 1897

Maine 3rd

Seth L. Milliken (R)
Died April 18, 1897

Edwin C. Burleigh (R)
June 21, 1897

Indiana 4th

William S. Holman (D)
Died April 22, 1897.

Francis M. Griffith (D)
December 6, 1897

South Carolina 6th

John L. McLaurin (D)
Resigned May 31, 1897 after being appointed to the U.S. Senate

James Norton (D)
December 6, 1897

Illinois 6th

Edward D. Cooke (R)
Died June 24, 1897

Henry S. Boutell (R)
November 23, 1897

Massachusetts 1st

Ashley B. Wright (R)
Died August 14, 1897

George P. Lawrence (R)
November 2, 1897

New York 3rd

Francis H. Wilson (R)
Resigned September 30, 1897 to become Postmaster of Brooklyn, New York

Edmund H. Driggs (D)
December 6, 1897

Alabama 4th

Thomas S. Plowman (D)
Lost contested election February 9, 1898

William F. Aldrich (R)
February 9, 1898

Virginia 4th

Sidney P. Epes (D)
Lost contested election March 23, 1898

Robert T. Thorp (R)
March 23, 1898

Massachusetts 13th

John Simpkins (R)
Died March 27, 1898

William S. Greene (R)
May 31, 1898

Virginia 2nd

William A. Young (D)
Lost contested election April 26, 1898

Richard A. Wise (R)
April 26, 1898

Mississippi 2nd

William V. Sullivan (D)
Resigned May 31, 1898 after being appointed to the U.S. Senate

Thomas Spight (D)
July 5, 1898

Ohio 19th

Stephen A. Northway (R)
Died September 8, 1898

Charles W. F. Dick (R)
November 8, 1898

Mississippi 6th

William F. Love (D)
Died October 16, 1898

Frank A. McLain (D)
December 12, 1898

Pennsylvania 23rd

William A. Stone (R)
Resigned November 9, 1898 to run for Governor of Pennsylvania

William H. Graham (R)
November 29, 1898

New York 34th

Warren B. Hooker (R)
Resigned November 10, 1898 after being appointed judge for the New York Supreme Court
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Tennessee 4th

Benton McMillin (D)
Resigned January 6, 1899 after being elected Governor of Tennessee
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

New Jersey 4th

Mahlon Pitney (R)
Resigned January 10, 1899 after being elected to the New Jersey Senate
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Maine 2nd

Nelson Dingley Jr. (R)
Died January 13, 1899
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Texas 9th

Joseph D. Sayers (D)
Resigned January 16, 1899 after being elected Governor of Texas
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

New York 2nd

Mahlon Pitney (R)
Died February 26, 1899
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Texas 4th

John W. Cranford (D)
Died March 3, 1899
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (6 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate



  • Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select)

  • Agriculture and Forestry

  • Appropriations

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Canadian Relations

  • Census

  • Civil Service and Retrenchment

  • Claims

  • Coast Defenses

  • Commerce

  • Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Engrossed Bills

  • Enrolled Bills


  • Establish a University in the United States (Select)

  • Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service

  • Finance

  • Fisheries


  • Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select)

  • Foreign Relations

  • Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game


  • Geological Survey (Select)

  • Immigration

  • Immigration and Naturalization

  • Indian Affairs


  • International Expositions (Select)

  • Interstate Commerce

  • Irrigation and Reclamation

  • Judiciary

  • Library

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining


  • Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)


  • National Banks (Select)

  • Naval Affairs


  • Nicaragua Canal (Select)


  • Omaha Exposition (Select)

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads


  • Potomac River Front (Select)

  • Printing

  • Private Land Claims

  • Privileges and Elections

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Health and National Quarantine

  • Public Lands

  • Railroads

  • Revision of the Laws

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Rules


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Territories


  • Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select)

  • Transportation Routes to the Seaboard


  • Washington City Centennial (Select)

  • Whole


  • Woman Suffrage (Select)


House of Representatives


  • Accounts

  • Agriculture

  • Alcoholic Liquor Traffic

  • Appropriations

  • Banking and Currency

  • Claims

  • Coinage, Weights and Measures

  • Disposition of Executive Papers

  • District of Columbia

  • Education

  • Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress

  • Elections

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Expenditures in the Agriculture Department

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Justice Department

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Immigration and Naturalization

  • Indian Affairs

  • Interstate and Foreign Commerce

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Irrigation of Arid Lands

  • Labor

  • Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River

  • Manufactures

  • Merchant Marine and Fisheries

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands

  • Railways and Canals

  • Reform in the Civil Service

  • Revision of Laws

  • Rivers and Harbors

  • Rules

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • Ventilation and Acoustics

  • War Claims

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole


Joint committees



  • Alcohol in the Arts (Select)


  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers

  • Investigate Charities and Reformatory Institutions in the District of Columbia


Caucuses



  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)


Employees



  • Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark


  • Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford (until 1897), John Russell Young (starting 1897)


  • Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict


Senate



  • Secretary: William Ruffin Cox of North Carolina


  • Sergeant at Arms: Richard J. Bright of Indiana


  • Chaplain: William H. Millburn Methodist


House of Representatives



  • Clerk: Alexander McDowell of Pennsylvania, elected March 15, 1897


  • Sergeant at Arms: Benjamin F. Russell of Missouri, elected March 15, 1897


  • Doorkeeper: William J. Glenn of New York, elected March 15, 1897


  • Postmaster: Joseph C. McElroy of Ohio, elected March 15, 1897


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Asher C. Hinds


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Chaplain: Henry N. Couden Universalist, elected March 15, 1897


See also



  • United States elections, 1896 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1896

    • United States Senate elections, 1896 and 1897

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1896



  • United States elections, 1898 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1898 and 1899

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1898



References




  1. ^ ab "MALLORY ELECTED SENATOR". The New York Times. May 15, 1897. p. 12..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em




  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, Extraordinary Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, Extraordinary Session (Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, 3rd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 55th Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).







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