31st United States Congress

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31st United States Congress


30th ←

→ 32nd


Capitol1846.jpg

United States Capitol (1846)

March 4, 1849 – March 4, 1851
Senate President
Millard Fillmore (W)
until July 9, 1850
Vacant
from July 9, 1850
Senate Pres. pro tem
David R. Atchison (D)
William R. King (D)
House Speaker
Howell Cobb (CU)
Members62 senators
233 representatives
2 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityDemocratic
House Majoritynone: Democratic plurality
Sessions

Special: March 5, 1849 – March 23, 1849
1st: December 3, 1849 – September 30, 1850
2nd: December 2, 1850 – March 4, 1851

The Thirty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1849, to March 4, 1851, during the 16 months of the Zachary Taylor presidency and the first eight months of the administration of Millard Fillmore's. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while there was a Democratic plurality in the House.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 States admitted and territories organized


  • 4 Party summary

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Leadership

    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives



  • 6 Members

    • 6.1 Senate

      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arkansas


      • 6.1.3 California


      • 6.1.4 Connecticut


      • 6.1.5 Delaware


      • 6.1.6 Florida


      • 6.1.7 Georgia


      • 6.1.8 Illinois


      • 6.1.9 Indiana


      • 6.1.10 Iowa


      • 6.1.11 Kentucky


      • 6.1.12 Louisiana


      • 6.1.13 Maine


      • 6.1.14 Maryland


      • 6.1.15 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.16 Michigan


      • 6.1.17 Mississippi


      • 6.1.18 Missouri


      • 6.1.19 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.20 New Jersey


      • 6.1.21 New York


      • 6.1.22 North Carolina


      • 6.1.23 Ohio


      • 6.1.24 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.25 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.26 South Carolina


      • 6.1.27 Tennessee


      • 6.1.28 Texas


      • 6.1.29 Vermont


      • 6.1.30 Virginia


      • 6.1.31 Wisconsin



    • 6.2 House of Representatives

      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arkansas


      • 6.2.3 California


      • 6.2.4 Connecticut


      • 6.2.5 Delaware


      • 6.2.6 Florida


      • 6.2.7 Georgia


      • 6.2.8 Illinois


      • 6.2.9 Indiana


      • 6.2.10 Iowa


      • 6.2.11 Kentucky


      • 6.2.12 Louisiana


      • 6.2.13 Maine


      • 6.2.14 Maryland


      • 6.2.15 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.16 Michigan


      • 6.2.17 Mississippi


      • 6.2.18 Missouri


      • 6.2.19 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.20 New Jersey


      • 6.2.21 New York


      • 6.2.22 North Carolina


      • 6.2.23 Ohio


      • 6.2.24 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.25 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.26 South Carolina


      • 6.2.27 Tennessee


      • 6.2.28 Texas


      • 6.2.29 Vermont


      • 6.2.30 Virginia


      • 6.2.31 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.32 Non-voting members




  • 7 Changes in membership

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives



  • 8 Committees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees



  • 9 Caucuses


  • 10 Employees

    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives



  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links




Major events



  • March 4, 1849: Zachary Taylor became President of the United States

  • December 22, 1849: Howell Cobb is elected Speaker after sixty-three ballots, the longest election for the position ever held.[1]

  • March 7, 1850: Senator Daniel Webster gave his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorsed the Compromise of 1850 to prevent a possible civil war

  • July 9, 1850: President Taylor died and Vice President Millard Fillmore became President.


Major legislation



  • September 9, 1850: Compromise of 1850, sess. 1, chs. 48-51, 9 Stat. 446 - 9 Stat. 458

  • September 18, 1850: Fugitive Slave Act, sess. 1, ch. 60, 9 Stat. 462

  • September 20, 1850: "An Act to suppress the Slave Trade in the District of Columbia," sess. 1, ch. 63, 9 Stat. 467

  • September 29, 1850: Donation Land Claim Act, sess. 1, ch. 76, 9 Stat. 496


States admitted and territories organized


  • September 9, 1850 — As part of the Compromise of 1850:

    • Texas's borders were changed, ch. 49, 9 Stat. 446


    • New Mexico Territory was organized, ch. 49, 9 Stat. 448


    • California was admitted as a state into the Union, ch. 50, 9 Stat. 452


    • Utah Territory was organized, ch. 51, 9 Stat. 453


Party summary



Senate


During this Congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of California.






















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Free Soil
(FS)

Whig
(W)
Other
End of the previous congress

36

0

23

1
60
0

Begin

33

2

25

0

60
0
End 36 24 62
Final voting share 7001581000000000000♠58.1% 7000320000000000000♠3.2% 7001387000000000000♠38.7% 5000000000000000000♠0.0%
Beginning of the next congress

34

2

21

0
57
5


House of Representatives


During this Congress, two House seats were added for the new state of California.





























































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

American
(A)

Democratic
(D)

Free Soil
(FS)

Whig
(W)

Independent
(I)
Other
End of the previous congress

1

111

0

114

1

2
229
1

Begin

1

113

9

107

0

0

230
1
End 112 108 1 231
Final voting share 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 7001485000000000000♠48.5% 7000390000000000000♠3.9% 7001468000000000000♠46.8% 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 5000000000000000000♠0.0%
Beginning of the next congress

0

128

3

85

0

17
233
0


Leadership




President of the Senate
Millard Fillmore



Senate



  • President: Millard Fillmore (W), until July 9, 1850; vacant thereafter.


  • President pro tempore: David Atchison (D), until May 5, 1850

    • William R. King (D), from May 6, 1850


House of Representatives



  • Speaker: Howell Cobb (D)


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: James Thompson


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1850; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1852; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1854.










House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • replacements: 5

    • Democrats (D): no net change


    • Whigs (W): no net change


  • deaths: 1

  • resignations: 3

  • seats from newly admitted states: 2

  • interim appointments: 4

  • Total seats with changes: 8



































































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Illinois
(3)

James Shields (D)
Senate voided election March 6, 1849, as Sen. Shields was determined not to have been a US citizen for the number of years required by the Constitution.
Incumbent was re-elected October 27, 1849, having by then qualified.

James Shields (D)
Seated December 3, 1849

Maryland
(1)

Reverdy Johnson (W)
Resigned March 7, 1849, having been appointed United States Attorney General

David Stewart (W)
Appointed December 6, 1849

Alabama
(2)

Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D)
Sen. Dixon Lewis successor elected November 30, 1849

Jeremiah Clemens (D)
Elected November 30, 1849

Maryland
(1)

David Stewart (W)
Successor elected January 12, 1850

Thomas Pratt (W)
Elected January 12, 1850

South Carolina
(2)

John C. Calhoun (D)
Died March 31, 1850

Franklin H. Elmore (D)
Appointed April 11, 1850

South Carolina
(2)

Franklin H. Elmore (D)
Died May 29, 1850

Robert W. Barnwell (D)
Appointed June 4, 1850

Ohio
(1)

Thomas Corwin (W)
Resigned July 20, 1850, after being appointed United States Secretary of the Treasury

Thomas Ewing (W)
Appointed July 20, 1850

Massachusetts
(1)

Daniel Webster (W)
Resigned July 22, 1850, after being appointed United States Secretary of State

Robert C. Winthrop (W)
Appointed July 30, 1850

California
(1)
New state
California admitted to the Union September 9, 1850.
The first Senator was elected September 10, 1850.

John C. Frémont (D)
Elected September 10, 1850

California
(3)
New state
California admitted to the Union September 9, 1850.
The first Senator was elected September 10, 1850.

William M. Gwin (D)
Elected September 10, 1850

South Carolina
(2)

Robert W. Barnwell (D)
Successor elected December 18, 1850

Robert Rhett (D)
Elected December 18, 1850

Massachusetts
(1)

Robert C. Winthrop (W)
Successor elected February 1, 1851

Robert Rantoul, Jr. (W)
Elected February 1, 1851


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 11

    • Democrats (D): 2 seat net gain


    • Whigs (W): 2 seat net loss


  • deaths: 8

  • resignations: 5

  • contested election:1

  • seats from newly admitted states: 2

  • Total seats with changes: 16























































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Minnesota Territory At-large
Vacant
Seat remained vacant after territory became organized at end of previous congress

Henry H. Sibley
Seated July 7, 1849

Vermont 3rd

George Perkins Marsh (W)
Resigned some time in 1849

James Meacham (W)
Seated December 3, 1849

Ohio 6th

Rodolphus Dickinson (D)
Died March 20, 1849

Amos E. Wood (D)
Seated December 3, 1849

Virginia 15th

Alexander Newman (D)
Died September 8, 1849

Thomas Haymond (W)
Seated November 8, 1849

Georgia 1st

Thomas B. King (W)
Resigned March 3, 1850

Joseph W. Jackson (D)
Seated March 4, 1850

Iowa 1st

William Thompson (D)
Seat declared vacant June 29, 1850, after contested election. House ruled neither candidate entitled to seat and forced special election

Daniel F. Miller (W)
Seated December 20, 1850

Massachusetts 1st

Robert C. Winthrop (W)
Resigned July 30, 1850, after being appointed to the US Senate

Samuel A. Eliot (W)
Seated August 22, 1850

Louisiana 2nd

Charles M. Conrad (W)
Resigned August 17, 1850, after being appointed United States Secretary of War

Henry A. Bullard (W)
Seated December 5, 1850

New Hampshire 3rd

James Wilson (W)
Resigned September 9, 1850

George W. Morrison (D)
Seated October 8, 1850

California At-large
California admitted into the Union September 9, 1850, and seat remained vacant until September 11, 1850

Edward Gilbert (D)
Seated September 11, 1850

California At-large
California admitted into the Union September 9, 1850, and seat remained vacant until September 11, 1850

George W. Wright (I)
Seated September 11, 1850

Pennsylvania 15th

Henry Nes (W)
Died September 10, 1850

Joel B. Danner (D)
Seated December 2, 1850

Pennsylvania 11th

Chester P. Butler (W)
Died October 5, 1850

John Brisbin (D)
Seated November 13, 1850

Louisiana 3rd

John H. Harmanson (D)
Died October 24, 1850

Alexander G. Penn (D)
Seated December 30, 1850

Ohio 6th

Amos E. Wood (D)
Died November 19, 1850

John Bell (W)
Seated January 7, 1851

Texas 1st

David S. Kaufman (D)
Died January 31, 1851
Vacant
Not filled this term


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders.









Joint committees


  • Enrolled Bills


Caucuses



  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)


Employees



  • Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan


Senate



  • Chaplain: Henry Slicer (Methodist)

    • Clement M. Butler (Episcopalian), elected January 9, 1850


  • Secretary: Asbury Dickens


  • Sergeant at Arms: Robert Beale


House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: Ralph Gurley (Presbyterian)


  • Clerk: Thomas J. Campbell, died April 13, 1850

    • Richard M. Young, elected April 17, 1850


  • Doorkeeper: Robert E. Horner


  • Postmaster: John M. Johnson


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: Adam J. Glossbrenner


See also



  • United States elections, 1848 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1848

    • United States Senate elections, 1848 and 1849

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1848



  • United States elections, 1850 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1850 and 1851

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1850



References


Notes


  1. ^ Jenkins, Jeffery A.; Stewart III, Charles (April 2001). Sophisticated Behavior and Speakership Elections: The Elections of 1849 and 1855–56. Midwest Political Science Association. Chicago, IL. p. 29. Retrieved January 8, 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em



Bibliography

  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 31st Congress, 1st Session.







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