28th United States Congress

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28th United States Congress


27th ←

→ 29th


Capitol1846.jpg

United States Capitol (1846)

March 4, 1843 – March 4, 1845
Senate PresidentVacant
Senate Pres. pro tem
Willie P. Mangum (W)
House Speaker
John W. Jones (D)
Members54 senators
223 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityWhig
House MajorityDemocratic
Sessions

1st: December 4, 1843 – June 17, 1844
2nd: December 2, 1844 – March 3, 1845

The Twenty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1843, to March 4, 1845, during the third and fourth years of John Tyler's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a Whig majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Treaties


  • 4 States admitted


  • 5 Party summary

    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives



  • 6 Leadership

    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives



  • 7 Members

    • 7.1 Senate

      • 7.1.1 Alabama


      • 7.1.2 Arkansas


      • 7.1.3 Connecticut


      • 7.1.4 Delaware


      • 7.1.5 Florida


      • 7.1.6 Georgia


      • 7.1.7 Illinois


      • 7.1.8 Indiana


      • 7.1.9 Kentucky


      • 7.1.10 Louisiana


      • 7.1.11 Maine


      • 7.1.12 Maryland


      • 7.1.13 Massachusetts


      • 7.1.14 Michigan


      • 7.1.15 Mississippi


      • 7.1.16 Missouri


      • 7.1.17 New Hampshire


      • 7.1.18 New Jersey


      • 7.1.19 New York


      • 7.1.20 North Carolina


      • 7.1.21 Ohio


      • 7.1.22 Pennsylvania


      • 7.1.23 Rhode Island


      • 7.1.24 South Carolina


      • 7.1.25 Tennessee


      • 7.1.26 Vermont


      • 7.1.27 Virginia



    • 7.2 House of Representatives

      • 7.2.1 Alabama


      • 7.2.2 Arkansas


      • 7.2.3 Connecticut


      • 7.2.4 Delaware


      • 7.2.5 Florida


      • 7.2.6 Georgia


      • 7.2.7 Illinois


      • 7.2.8 Indiana


      • 7.2.9 Kentucky


      • 7.2.10 Louisiana


      • 7.2.11 Maine


      • 7.2.12 Maryland


      • 7.2.13 Massachusetts


      • 7.2.14 Michigan


      • 7.2.15 Mississippi


      • 7.2.16 Missouri


      • 7.2.17 New Hampshire


      • 7.2.18 New Jersey


      • 7.2.19 New York


      • 7.2.20 North Carolina


      • 7.2.21 Ohio


      • 7.2.22 Pennsylvania


      • 7.2.23 Rhode Island


      • 7.2.24 South Carolina


      • 7.2.25 Tennessee


      • 7.2.26 Vermont


      • 7.2.27 Virginia


      • 7.2.28 Non-voting members




  • 8 Changes in membership

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives



  • 9 Committees

    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives


    • 9.3 Joint committees



  • 10 Employees

    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives



  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links




Major events



  • May 24, 1844: The first electrical telegram was sent by Samuel F. B. Morse from the U.S. Capitol to the B&O Railroad "outer depot" in Baltimore, Maryland, saying "What hath God wrought".

  • December 4, 1844: U.S. presidential election, 1844: James K. Polk defeated Henry Clay


Major legislation



  • January 23, 1845: Presidential Election Day Act, ch. 1, 5 Stat. 721

  • March 3, 1845: For the first time, Congress overrode a Presidential veto. An act relating to revenue cutters and steamers was thereby enacted as the last Act of the 28th Congress: session II, ch. 78, 5 Stat. 795.


Treaties


  • July 3, 1844: Treaty of Wanghia signed (first diplomatic agreement between China and the United States)


States admitted


  • March 1, 1845: Resolution for the Annexation of Texas, 5 Stat. 797 (Admitted in the next Congress, December 29, 1845.)

  • March 3, 1845: Florida admitted, 5 Stat. 742. The statute also allowed for the provisional admission of Iowa, pending a referendum in that state. (Admitted in the next Congress, December 28, 1846.)


Party summary



Senate


During this congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of Florida.



















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Law and Order
(LO)

Whig
(W)
End of the previous congress

20

0

29
49
3

Begin

22

0

27

49
3
End 23 1 51
Final voting share 7001451000000000000♠45.1% 7000200000000000000♠2.0% 7001529000000000000♠52.9%
Beginning of the next congress

26

0

24
50
4


House of Representatives


Following the 1840 United States Census, Congress reapportioned the House to include 223 seats (5 Stat. 491). During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Florida (5 Stat. 743).

























































Affiliation
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)

Total









Democratic
(D)
Independent
Democratic
(ID)

Law and Order
(LO)

Whig
(W)
Independent
Whig
(IW)
Other
Vacant
End of previous Congress
100
1
0
139
0
1
241
1

Begin
147
1
2
72
1
0
223
0
End
141
78
1
Final voting share
63.7%
0.9%
35.4%
0.0%


Beginning of next Congress
138
0
0
78
0
6
222
2


Leadership



Senate



  • President: Vacant


  • President pro tempore: Willie P. Mangum (W)


House of Representatives



  • Speaker: John W. Jones (D)


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.



Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1844; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1846; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1848.


Skip to House of Representatives, below








House of Representatives


Representatives are listed by their district numbers.










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • replacements: 7

    • Democrats (D): no net change


    • Whigs (W): 1 seat net loss


    • Law and Order (LO): 1 seat net gain


  • deaths: 3

  • resignations: 5

  • interim appointments: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 10
















































































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Tennessee
(1)
Vacant
Senator Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D) resigned in 26th Congress.
Successor elected October 17, 1843.

Ephraim H. Foster (W)
Elected October 17, 1843

Tennessee
(2)
Vacant
Failure to elect.
Successor elected October 17, 1843.

Spencer Jarnagin (W)
Elected October 17, 1843

Maine
(1)
Vacant
Senator Reuel Williams (D) resigned in previous congress.
Successor elected December 4, 1843.

John Fairfield (D)
Elected December 4, 1843

Louisiana
(3)

Alexander Porter (W)
Elected but, due to ill health, never took his seat.
Incumbent died January 13, 1844.
Successor elected February 12, 1844.

Henry Johnson (W)
Elected February 12, 1844

Illinois
(2)

Samuel McRoberts (D)
Died March 27, 1843.
Successor appointed December 4, 1843, to continue the term until an election.
Appointee was later elected, on an unknown date.

James Semple (D)
Seated December 4, 1843

Missouri
(3)

Lewis F. Linn (D)
Died October 3, 1843.
Successor appointed October 14, 1843, to continue the term until an election.
Appointee was later elected, on an unknown date in 1843.

David R. Atchison (D)
Seated October 14, 1843

Rhode Island
(1)

William Sprague (W)
Resigned January 17, 1844.
Successor elected January 25, 1844.

John B. Francis (LO)
Seated January 25, 1844

Alabama
(2)

William R. King (D)
Resigned April 15, 1844, after being appointed U.S. Minister to France.
Successor appointed April 22, 1844, to finish the term.

Dixon H. Lewis (D)
Seated April 22, 1844

New York
(1)

Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (W)
Resigned June 17, 1844, after being appointed Governor of Wisconsin Territory.
Successor was appointed November 30, 1945.
Appointee was later elected January 18, 1845.

Daniel S. Dickinson (D)
Seated December 9, 1844

Arkansas
(2)

William S. Fulton (D)
Died August 15, 1844.
Successor elected November 8, 1844.

Chester Ashley (D)
Seated November 8, 1844

New York
(3)

Silas Wright (D)
Resigned November 26, 1844, after being elected Governor of New York.
Successor appointed November 30, 1945.

Henry A. Foster (D)
Seated December 9, 1844

New York
(3)

Henry A. Foster (D)
Appointee was not nominated for election.
Successor elected January 18, 1845.

John A. Dix (D)
Seated January 27, 1845

South Carolina
(2)

Daniel E. Huger (D)
Resigned March 3, 1845
Vacant
Not filled this term

Florida
(1)
New state: Florida admitted to the Union March 3, 1845.
First Senator wasn't elected until the next Congress.
Vacant
Not filled this term

Florida
(2)
New state: Florida admitted to the Union March 3, 1845.
First Senator wasn't elected until the next Congress.
Vacant
Not filled this term


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 14

    • Democrats (D): 6 seat net loss


    • Whigs (W): 6 seat net gain


  • deaths: 7

  • resignations: 7

  • contested election: 0

  • Total seats with changes: 16






















































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Massachusetts 10th

Barker Burnell (W)
Died June 15, 1843

Joseph Grinnell (W)
Seated December 7, 1843

Georgia At-large

Mark A. Cooper (D)
Resigned June 26, 1843, to become candidate for Governor of Georgia

Alexander H. Stephens (W)
Seated October 2, 1843

Georgia At-large

John B. Lamar (D)
Resigned July 29, 1843

Absalom H. Chappell (W)
Seated October 2, 1843

Georgia At-large

John Millen (D)
Died October 15, 1843

Duncan L. Clinch (W)
Seated February 15, 1844

Virginia 7th

Henry A. Wise (D)
Resigned February 12, 1844, after being appointed Minister to Brazil

Thomas H. Bayly (D)
Seated May 6, 1844

Pennsylvania 21st

William Wilkens (D)
Resigned February 14, 1844, after being appointed United States Secretary of War

Cornelius Darragh (W)
Seated March 26, 1844

Virginia 5th

Thomas W. Gilmer (D)
Resigned February 16, 1844, after being appointed United States Secretary of the Navy

William L. Goggin (W)
Seated April 25, 1844

Pennsylvania 13th

Henry Frick (W)
Died March 1, 1844

James Pollock (W)
Seated April 5, 1844

Ohio 10th

Heman A. Moore (D)
Died April 3, 1844

Alfred P. Stone (D)
Seated October 8, 1844

Alabama 3rd

Dixon H. Lewis (D)
Resigned April 22, 1844, after being appointed US Senator

William L. Yancey (D)
Seated December 2, 1844

Louisiana 4th

Pierre Bossier (D)
Died April 24, 1844

Isaac E. Morse (D)
Seated December 2, 1844

New York 20th

Samuel Beardsley (D)
Resigned February 29, 1844, after being appointed associate judge of New York Supreme Court

Levi D. Carpenter (D)
Seated November 5, 1844

Ohio 21st

Henry R. Brinkerhoff (D)
Died April 30, 1844

Edward S. Hamlin (W)
Seated October 8, 1844

Pennsylvania 12th

Almon H. Read (D)
Died June 3, 1844

George Fuller (D)
Seated December 2, 1844

Florida Territory At-large

David L. Yulee (D)
Seat was eliminated when Florida achieved statehood March 3, 1845

Florida
At-large
Florida was admitted to the Union on March 3, 1845
Vacant
Not filled this term


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders.



Senate


  • Agriculture

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Claims

  • Commerce


  • Credentials of the Honorable John M. Niles (Select)


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations

  • Indian Affairs

  • Judiciary

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Naval Affairs


  • Ordnance and War Ships (Select)

  • Patents and the Patent Office

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Printing

  • Private Land Claims

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands

  • Retrenchment

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Roads and Canals


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Territories


  • Violation of the Injunction of Secrecy (Select)

  • Whole


House of Representatives


  • Accounts

  • Agriculture


  • Army Pay (Select)


  • Banks of the District of Columbia (Select)

  • Claims

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Elections

  • Engraving

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Manufactures

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Naval Affairs

  • Patents

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Lands

  • Revisal and Unfinished Business

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Roads and Canals


  • Rules (Select)

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole


Joint committees


  • Enrolled Bills

  • Smithsonian Bequest


Employees



  • Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan


Senate



  • Chaplain: Septimus Tustin (Presbyterian)


  • Secretary: Asbury Dickens


  • Sergeant at Arms: Edward Dyer


House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: Isaac S. Tinsley (Baptist)

    • William M. Daily (Methodist), from December 4, 1844


  • Clerk: Caleb J. McNulty, until January 18, 1845

    • Benjamin B. French, from January 18, 1845


  • Doorkeeper: Jesse E. Dow


  • Postmaster: John M. Johnson


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: Newton Lane


See also



  • United States elections, 1842 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1842 and 1843

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1842



  • United States elections, 1844 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1844

    • United States Senate elections, 1844 and 1845

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1844



References





  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 28th Congress, 1st Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 28th Congress, 2nd Session.







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