Sparidae

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Sparidae

Diplodus vulgaris.jpg

Diplodus vulgaris

Scientific classification e
Kingdom:

Animalia
Phylum:

Chordata
Class:

Actinopterygii
Order:

Perciformes
Superfamily:

Percoidea
Family:

Sparidae
Rafinesque, 1810

The Sparidae are a family of fish in the order Perciformes, commonly called sea breams and porgies. The sheepshead, scup, and red seabream are species in this family. Most sparids are deep-bodied compressed fish with a small mouth separated by a broad space from the eye, a single dorsal fin with strong spines and soft rays, a short anal fin, long pointed pectoral fins and rather large firmly attached scales.[1] They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters and are bottom-dwelling carnivores.


There are hermaphrodites in the Sparidae. Protogyny and protandry appear sporadically through this lineage of fish.[2]Simultaneous hermaphrodites and bi-directional hermaphrodites do not appear as much since Sparidae are found in shallower waters.[2] Species of fish that express a hermaphroditic condition usually "lack a genetic hardwire", therefore ecological factors play a role in sex determination.[3]


Most species possess grinding, molar-like teeth.[4] Some of the species, such as Polysteganus undulosus, have been subject to overfishing, or exploitation beyond sustainable recovery.[5]




Contents





  • 1 Genera


  • 2 Timeline of genera


  • 3 Cookery


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References




Genera





Dentex fourmanoiri





Pagrus auratus


The family Sparidae contains about 155 species in 38 genera:



  • Acanthopagrus Peters, 1855


  • Amamiichthys Tanaka & Iwatsuki, 2015 [6]


  • Archosargus Gill, 1865


  • Argyrops Swainson, 1839


  • Argyrozona Smith, 1938


  • Boops Cuvier, 1814


  • Boopsoidea Castelnau, 1861


  • Calamus Swainson, 1839


  • Centracanthus Rafinesque, 1810


  • Cheimerius Smith, 1938


  • Chrysoblephus Swainson, 1839


  • Crenidens Valenciennes, 1830


  • Cymatoceps Smith, 1938


  • Dentex Cuvier, 1814


  • Diplodus Rafinesque, 1810


  • Evynnis Jordan & Thompson, 1912


  • Gymnocrotaphus Günther, 1859


  • Lagodon Holbrook, 1855


  • Lithognathus Swainson, 1839


  • Oblada Cuvier, 1829


  • Pachymetopon Günther, 1859


  • Pagellus Valenciennes, 1830


  • Pagrus Cuvier, 1816


  • Parargyrops Tanaka, 1916


  • Petrus Smith, 1938


  • Polyamblyodon Norman, 1935


  • Polysteganus Klunzinger, 1870


  • Porcostoma Smith, 1938


  • Pterogymnus Smith, 1938


  • Rhabdosargus Fowler, 1933


  • Sarpa Bonaparte, 1831


  • Sparidentex Munro, 1948


  • Sparodon Smith, 1938


  • Sparus Linnaeus, 1758


  • Spicara Rafinesque, 1810


  • Spondyliosoma Cantor, 1849


  • Stenotomus Gill, 1865


  • Virididentex Poll, 1971


Timeline of genera



QuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleoceneCrenidensBoopsLithognathusCalamusDiplodusObladaPagellusDentexPagrusSargusSparusQuaternaryNeogenePaleogeneHolocenePleist.Plio.MioceneOligoceneEocenePaleocene


Cookery


The most celebrated of the breams in cookery are the gilt-head bream and the common dentex.[7]



See also


  • Porgie fishing


References






  1. ^ Bray, D.J. & Gomon, M.F. (2012): Breams , SPARIDAE, in Fishes of Australia http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/family/129


  2. ^ ab de Mitcheson, Yvonne Sadovy; Liu, Min (Fall 2008). "Functional hermaphroditism in teleosts". Fish and Fisheries. 9: 1–43. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2007.00266.x..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ Mank, Judith E.; Promislow, Daniel E. L.; Avise, John C. (Winter 2005). "Evolution of alternative sex-determining mechanisms in teleost fish". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 87: 83–93. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00558.x.


  4. ^ Johnson, G.D. & Gill, A.C. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N., eds. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 184. ISBN 0-12-547665-5. Eating the head is known to cause hallucinations, lasting many days.


  5. ^ Hogan, C.M. (2010): Overfishing. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment.


  6. ^ Tanaka, F.; Iwatsuki, Y. (2015). "Amamiichthys, a new genus for the sparid fish Cheimerius matsubarai Akazaki 1962, and redescription of the species, with designation of a neotype". Zootaxa. 4007 (2): 195–206. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4007.2.3.


  7. ^ Davidson, A. Mediterranean Seafood, Penguin, 1972.
    ISBN 0-14-046174-4, pp. 86–108.








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