卤化物

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卤化物指含有呈负价卤素的化合物，通常为二元化合物。卤离子则指相应-1价的卤素离子。根据具体卤素的不同，卤化物可分为：



  • 氟化物 — F−


  • 氯化物 — Cl−


  • 溴化物 — Br−


  • 碘化物 — I−


  • 砹化物 — At−

拟卤素生成的-1价化合物称为拟卤化物[1]，主要有叠氮化物N3−、氰化物CN−、硫氰酸盐SCN−和氰酸盐OCN−等。


互卤化物则指只由卤素构成的二元化合物，如ICl、ClF3、IF5等。


有机化学中，有时也用卤化物来指卤代烃，简写为R-X。根据具体卤素的不同亦可分类为氟代烃、氯代烃、溴代烃和碘代烃。二卤代烷常用于环的构建，参见卡宾。




目录





  • 1 鉴定


  • 2 例子


  • 3 参见


  • 4 参考资料




鉴定


通常以硝酸银溶液鉴定卤离子（氟离子除外），其相应沉淀的颜色分别为：



  • AgCl — 白色


  • AgBr — 淡黄色


  • AgI — 黄色

AgF可溶于水，因此一般不用此法。



例子


常见的卤化物有：



  • 氯化钠 — NaCl


  • 氯化钾 — KCl


  • 碘化钾 — KI


  • 三氯化磷 — PCl3


  • 氯仿 — CHCl3


参见


  • 盐度

  • 金属卤化物


参考资料




  1. ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1995). "pseudohalide". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition.


























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  • AAT: 300379978

  • NDL: 00562983

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