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Douglas County
; Douglas County, Kansas;
	; County;
	; ;
	; Douglas County Courthouse in Lawrence; ;
	; ; Location in the U.S. state of Kansas;
	; ; Kansas's location in the U.S.;
	; Coordinates: 38°52′N 95°14′W / 38.867°N 95.233°W / 38.867; -95.233;
Founded	; August 25, 1855
Named for	; Stephen Douglas;
Seat	; Lawrence;
Largest city	; Lawrence
Area	;
• Total	; 475 sq mi (1,230 km2)
• Land	; 456 sq mi (1,181 km2)
• Water	; 19 sq mi (49 km2), 4.0%
Population (est.)	;
• (2016)	; 119,440
• Density	; 243/sq mi (94/km2)
Area code(s)	; 785;
Congressional district	; 2nd;
Time zone	; Central: UTC−6/−5;
Website	; douglascountyks.org;

Douglas County (county code DG) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 110,826,^[1] making it the fifth-most populous county in Kansas. Its county seat and most populous city is Lawrence.^[2]

History

Early history

For millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France via the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, although the former country kept title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

19th century

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1855, Douglas County was established. Douglas County was opened for settlement on May 15, 1854, and was named for Stephen A. Douglas,^[3] a senator from Illinois. The county was practically at the center of the Bleeding Kansas years as leaders in Lecompton (the territorial capital) wanted Kansas to be a slave state, whereas leaders in Lawrence wanted Kansas to be a free state. The pro- and anti-slavery settlers held great animosity towards one another, leading to many events, such as the drafting of the Lecompton Constitution (which would have admitted Kansas into the Union as a slave state), the Wakarusa War (1855), the Sack of Lawrence (1856), Battle of Black Jack (1856), and the Lawrence Massacre (1863).

The first railroad in Douglas County, the Union Pacific, was built through that territory in 1864.^[4]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 475 square miles (1,230 km²), of which 456 square miles (1,180 km²) is land and 19 square miles (49 km²) (4.0%) is water.^[5] It is the fifth-smallest county in Kansas by land area. Much of its northern boundary is defined by the Kansas River, which flows through Lawrence and provides hydropower at the Bowersock Dam.

Adjacent counties

Jefferson County (north)

Leavenworth County (northeast)

Johnson County (east)

Miami County (southeast)

Franklin County (south)

Osage County (southwest)

Shawnee County (northwest)

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1860	8,637		—
1870	20,592		138.4%
1880	21,700		5.4%
1890	23,961		10.4%
1900	25,096		4.7%
1910	24,724		−1.5%
1920	23,998		−2.9%
1930	25,143		4.8%
1940	25,171		0.1%
1950	34,086		35.4%
1960	43,720		28.3%
1970	57,932		32.5%
1980	67,640		16.8%
1990	81,798		20.9%
2000	99,962		22.2%
2010	110,826		10.9%
Est. 2016	119,440	^[6]	7.8%
U.S. Decennial Census^[7] 1790-1960^[8] 1900-1990^[9] 1990-2000^[10] 2010-2016^[1]

Population pyramid

Douglas County comprises the Lawrence, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS Combined Statistical Area.

As of the 2000 census,^[11] there were 99,962 people, 38,486 households, and 21,167 families residing in the county. The population density was 219 people per square mile (84/km²). There were 40,250 housing units at an average density of 88 per square mile (34/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 86.1% White, 4.2% Black or African American, 2.6% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population.

There were 38,486 households out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.0% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the county, the population was spread out with 20.4% under the age of 18, 26.4% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females there were 98.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,547, and the median income for a family was $53,991. Males had a median income of $35,577 versus $27,225 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,952. About 6.2% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

Government

County

In recent years, the Democratic Party has been dominant in Douglas County. Democrats control all County-wide offices in the County, except for the position of Sheriff. Douglas County is currently served by county commissioners Mike Gaughan, Nancy Thellman, and Michelle Derusseau. Gaughan and Thellman are Democrats, while Derusseau is the lone Republican on the commission.

State

Democratic state representatives representing portions of the county include John Wilson (10th District), Barbara Ballard (44th District), and Dennis Highberger (46th District); Republican state representatives include Jim Karleskint (42nd District), Tom Sloan (45th District) and Ken Corbet (54th District). The three state senators representing the county, Marci Francisco (2nd District), Tom Holland (3rd District), and Anthony Hensley (19th District), are all Democrats.^[12]

Presidential elections

Presidential Elections Results

**Presidential Elections Results**^[13]
Year	Republican	Democratic	Third Parties
2016	29.3% 14,688	62.3% 31,195	8.4% 4,204
2012	35.9% 17,401	60.4% 29,267	3.7% 1,796
2008	33.4% 17,929	64.1% 34,398	2.5% 1,314
2004	41.0% 20,544	57.1% 28,634	1.9% 933
2000	42.8% 17,062	45.8% 18,249	11.4% 4,527
1996	42.6% 16,116	47.9% 18,116	9.4% 3,568
1992	30.6% 12,949	46.0% 19,439	23.4% 9,877
1988	49.9% 16,149	48.7% 15,752	1.4% 460
1984	58.9% 18,975	40.0% 12,880	1.2% 378
1980	49.0% 14,106	32.5% 9,360	18.5% 5,318
1976	51.3% 14,277	42.8% 11,922	5.9% 1,643
1972	55.6% 15,316	42.3% 11,646	2.1% 565
1968	53.8% 10,533	35.4% 6,936	10.8% 2,114
1964	45.1% 7,825	54.3% 9,416	0.7% 112
1960	66.4% 11,337	33.3% 5,690	0.2% 38
1956	71.9% 11,029	27.9% 4,283	0.3% 39
1952	74.3% 11,095	25.2% 3,765	0.4% 64
1948	64.3% 9,287	33.1% 4,778	2.7% 389
1944	67.5% 8,224	31.9% 3,886	0.7% 79
1940	70.3% 9,146	28.6% 3,727	1.1% 141
1936	62.2% 8,324	37.1% 4,961	0.7% 96
1932	58.7% 7,346	38.6% 4,833	2.7% 342
1928	78.7% 8,887	20.3% 2,297	1.0% 108
1924	75.3% 8,052	18.0% 1,922	6.8% 726
1920	73.2% 6,266	25.7% 2,197	1.1% 94
1916	53.9% 4,975	41.5% 3,834	4.6% 426
1912	21.8% 1,133	36.3% 1,888	41.9% 2,182
1908	60.6% 3,279	37.2% 2,010	2.2% 119
1904	74.3% 3,574	20.6% 989	5.2% 249
1900	58.6% 3,453	39.6% 2,333	1.9% 111
1896	57.4% 3,582	41.2% 2,573	1.4% 85
1892	57.3% 3,114		42.7% 2,320
1888	60.0% 3,189	31.4% 1,669	8.6% 455

Douglas County has a political history more typical of the Yankee Northeast than of the Great Plains, as can be seen from its voting history, exactly paralleling that of Vermont or Cheshire County, New Hampshire (excepting only the 1912 presidential election). This is due to the county's strong New England heritage, and its status as Kansas' leading academic centre. Douglas County voted for the Republican candidate in every Presidential election between 1864 and 1960, except in 1912 when it supported Progressive Theodore Roosevelt. The Republican presidential nominee obtained over sixty percent of Douglas County's vote in every election between 1920 and 1960 (except 1932 when Herbert Hoover received 58.7 percent). As a measure of how deeply the county's Republican roots ran, even when Kansas was swept up in Franklin D. Roosevelt's landslide victories of 1932 and 1936, Republican candidates carried the county easily.

This tradition was broken in 1964, when the anti-Yankee sentiment and Southern leanings of Barry Goldwater drove the county into Lyndon B. Johnson's hands, making Johnson the first Democrat ever to carry the county. With more moderate GOP candidates, the GOP carried the county in every election between 1968 and 1988. However, the growing transformation of Lawrence into a liberal academic bastion pulled the county into the Democratic column from 1992 onwards. Since the 2004 election, Douglas County has been one of the strongest Democratic bastions in Kansas, second only to Wyandotte County.

Education

Scenic view of Rural Douglas County

Unified school districts

Douglas County is served by seven school districts.

Lawrence USD 497 serves Lawrence and the Clinton Lake area.

Baldwin City USD 348 serves Baldwin City and most of southern Douglas County.

Perry-Lecompton USD 343 serves Lecompton and most of northwest Douglas County.

Eudora USD 491 serves Eudora and the northeast part of the county.

Santa Fe Trail USD 434 covers the southwest part of the county.

Wellsville USD 289 covers extreme southeast Douglas County.

Shawnee Heights USD 450 services the extreme western part of the county including Big Springs.

Universities and colleges

The University of Kansas's main campus is located in Lawrence as is Haskell Indian Nations University. Baker University, the state's oldest university, is located in Baldwin City.

Parks

Clinton Lake, completed in 1980, offers boating, fishing and other water sports and various parks surrounding the lake provides camping and trails for mountain biking, hiking and horseback riding.^[14]

Lone Star Lake is a small country lake to the southwest of Lawrence offers fishing, boating and camping. Just northwest of Baldwin City is Douglas State Fishing Lake which provides hunting, fishing and limited camping. Other parks around the county include Black Jack Park which includes the Ivan Boyd Prairie Preserve and Robert Hall Pearson Memorial Park, Broken Arrow Park in Lawrence and Wells Overlook Park just south of Lawrence.^[15]

Events

Major events in the county include the Maple Leaf Festival in Baldwin City every third full weekend in October.^[16]Lecompton's Territorial Days take place every year in June^[17] and Lawrence has many parades throughout the year including Christmas and St. Patrick's Day.^[18]^[19]

Transportation

Major highways

Interstate 70, as part of the Kansas Turnpike, runs east to west just north of Lawrence.

U.S. Highway 59 runs north to south through the middle of the county and the middle of Lawrence.

U.S. Highway 40 virtually follows the Oregon Trail heading west out of Lawrence.

U.S. Highway 56 runs east to west in the southern half of the county, going through Baldwin City and skirts the Santa Fe Trail.

K-10 runs from the I-70 Lecompton Exchange along the south and west border of Lawrence to US-59 then north until 23rd Street where it heads east out of town into Johnson County.

Other major highways include: US-24 which is in Grant township leading from Leavenworth to Jefferson County; K-32 starts just outside Lawrence and leads into Leavenworth County and K-33 is in extreme southeast Douglas County and leads into Franklin County.

County Highways

Douglas County also maintains an extensive network of county highways to serve the rural areas of the county. None of these county highways is in the Lawrence city limits.

Communities

2005 KDOT Map of Douglas County (map legend)

Incorporated cities

Baldwin City

Eudora

Lawrence

Lecompton

Unincorporated communities

Big Springs

Clearfield

Clinton

Globe

Grover

Hesper

Kanwaka

Lake View

Lone Star

Midland

Pleasant Grove

Sibleyville

Stull

Vinland

Worden

Townships

Douglas County is divided into nine townships. The city of Lawrence is considered governmentally independent and is excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) of significant size included in that township's population total.

Township	FIPS	Population center	Population	Population density /km² (/sq mi)	Land area km² (sq mi)	Water area km² (sq mi)	Water %	Geographic coordinates
Clinton	14325		531	7 (17)	80 (31)	26 (10)	24.41%	38°54′18″N 95°24′20″W / 38.90500°N 95.40556°W / 38.90500; -95.40556
Eudora	21700	Eudora	5,571	43 (113)	128 (49)	2 (1)	1.57%	38°55′42″N 95°6′15″W / 38.92833°N 95.10417°W / 38.92833; -95.10417
Grant	27650		442	10 (27)	43 (16)	0 (0)	0.74%	39°0′8″N 95°13′19″W / 39.00222°N 95.22194°W / 39.00222; -95.22194
Kanwaka	36075		1,317	12 (30)	114 (44)	8 (3)	6.69%	38°57′37″N 95°23′16″W / 38.96028°N 95.38778°W / 38.96028; -95.38778
Lecompton	39175	Lecompton	1,761	20 (51)	90 (35)	2 (1)	2.45%	39°2′31″N 95°24′27″W / 39.04194°N 95.40750°W / 39.04194; -95.40750
Marion	44700		836	5 (12)	185 (72)	1 (0)	0.52%	38°49′4″N 95°24′35″W / 38.81778°N 95.40972°W / 38.81778; -95.40972
Palmyra	54225	Baldwin City	5,760	27 (70)	212 (82)	2 (1)	0.79%	38°47′0″N 95°10′40″W / 38.78333°N 95.17778°W / 38.78333; -95.17778
Wakarusa	74400		2,237	19 (49)	119 (46)	2 (1)	1.81%	38°55′49″N 95°14′43″W / 38.93028°N 95.24528°W / 38.93028; -95.24528
Willow Springs	79500		1,409	10 (26)	141 (54)	1 (0)	0.54%	38°47′23″N 95°18′17″W / 38.78972°N 95.30472°W / 38.78972; -95.30472
Sources: "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived from the original on 2002-08-02..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

Historic Townships

Map of Douglas County, 1889. From History of Kansas.

The county originally had only four townships. Lecompton comprised the area of Lecompton, Kanwaka, and Clinton townships; Washington took the place of Marion and Willow Springs townships; Wakarusa comprised both Wakarusa and Eudora townships; and Calhoun was the original name of Palmyra township. Grant township was annexed from Jefferson County in 1874.

Notable people

Isaac F. Hughes, Douglas County commissioner and City Council member in both Lawrence, Kansas, and Los Angeles, California.

References

^ ^a^b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2015.

^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.

^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 108.

^ Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. Standard Publishing Company. p. 539.

^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.

^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.

^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved July 24, 2014.

^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 24, 2014.

^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2014.

^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2014.

^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.

^ Douglas County - State Officials Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.

^ http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS

^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2012-02-11.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)

^ http://douglas-county.org/depts/pw/pw_countyparks.aspx?category_id=^{[permanent dead link]}

^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-02-11.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)

^ http://www.lecomptonterritorialdays.com/

^ http://lawrencestpatricksdayparade.com/

^ http://www.lawrencechristmasparade.org/

External links

County

Douglas County - Official

Douglas County - Directory of Public Officials

Douglas County - Law Library

Other

Aerial Photography from Multiple Decades

Daily World, Google news archive. —PDFs for 1,062 issues, dating from 1892 through 1895.

Daily Record, Google news archive. —PDFs for 998 issues, dating from 1889 through 1893.

Maps

Douglas County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT

Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

[QF-1] "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2015.

[GR6-2] "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.

[3] Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 108.

[4] Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. Standard Publishing Company. p. 539.

[GR1-5] "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.

[USCensusEst2016-6] "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.

[7] "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved July 24, 2014.

[8] "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 24, 2014.

[9] "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2014.

[10] "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2014.

[GR2-11] "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.

[12] Douglas County - State Officials Archived August 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.

[13] ttp://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS

[14] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-02-15. Retrieved 2012-02-11.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)

[15] ttp://douglas-county.org/depts/pw/pw_countyparks.aspx?category_id=^{[permanent dead link]}

[16] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2012-02-11.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)

[17] ttp://www.lecomptonterritorialdays.com/

[18] ttp://lawrencestpatricksdayparade.com/

[19] ttp://www.lawrencechristmasparade.org/

v t e Municipalities and communities of Douglas County, Kansas, United States
County seat: Lawrence
Cities	Baldwin City Eudora Lawrence Lecompton
Unincorporated communities	Big Springs Black Jack Clearfield Clinton Globe Grover Hesper Kanwaka Lake View Lone Star Midland Pleasant Grove Sibleyville Stull Vinland Weaver Worden
Ghost towns	Belvoir Franklin Lapeer Louisiana Media Prairie City Twin Mound
Townships	Clinton Eudora Grant Kanwaka Lecompton Marion Palmyra Wakarusa Willow Springs

v t e State of Kansas
Topeka (capital)
Topics	Index History Timeline Governors Delegations Landmarks People Places Geography Tourist attractions	Seal of Kansas
Society	Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Politics
Regions	Cherokee Strip Cross Timbers Dissected Till Plains East Central Four State Area Flint Hills High Plains North Central Osage Plains Ozarks Red Hills Santa Fe Trail Region Smoky Hills Southeast
Largest cities	(1) Wichita (2) Overland Park (3) Kansas City (4) Olathe (5) Topeka (6) Lawrence (7) Shawnee (8) Manhattan (9) Lenexa (10) Salina (11) Hutchinson (12) Leavenworth (13) Leawood (14) Dodge City (15) Garden City (16) Junction City (17) Emporia (18) Derby (19) Prairie Village (20) Liberal (21) Hays (22) Pittsburg (23) Gardner (24) Newton (25) Great Bend (26) McPherson (27) El Dorado (28) Ottawa (29) Winfield (30) Arkansas City (31) Andover (32) Lansing (33) Merriam (34) Atchison (35) Haysville (36) Parsons (37) Coffeyville (38) Mission (39) Independence (40) Augusta (41) Chanute (42) Wellington (43) Fort Scott (44) Park City (45) Bonner Springs (46) Valley Center (47) Pratt (48) Bel Aire (49) Roeland Park (50) Abilene
Counties	Allen Anderson Atchison Barber Barton Bourbon Brown Butler Chase Chautauqua Cherokee Cheyenne Clark Clay Cloud Coffey Comanche Cowley Crawford Decatur Dickinson Doniphan Douglas Edwards Elk Ellis Ellsworth Finney Ford Franklin Geary Gove Graham Grant Gray Greeley Greenwood Hamilton Harper Harvey Haskell Hodgeman Jackson Jefferson Jewell Johnson Kearny Kingman Kiowa Labette Lane Leavenworth Lincoln Linn Logan Lyon Marion Marshall McPherson Meade Miami Mitchell Montgomery Morris Morton Nemaha Neosho Ness Norton Osage Osborne Ottawa Pawnee Phillips Pottawatomie Pratt Rawlins Reno Republic Rice Riley Rooks Rush Russell Saline Scott Sedgwick Seward Shawnee Sheridan Sherman Smith Stafford Stanton Stevens Sumner Thomas Trego Wabaunsee Wallace Washington Wichita Wilson Woodson Wyandotte
Lists	List of counties in Kansas List of townships in Kansas List of cities in Kansas List of unincorporated communities in Kansas List of ghost towns in Kansas Lists of people from Kansas

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