Xrthnty

Look up floruit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Floruit (UK: /ˈflɔːruɪt, ˈflɒruɪt/, US: /ˈflɔːrjuɪt/), abbreviated fl. (or occasionally, flor.), Latin for "he/she flourished", denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active.^[1][2] In English, the word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone "flourished".^{[1][clarification needed]}

Etymology and use

Latin: flōruit is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb flōreō, flōrēre "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun flōs, flōris, "flower".^[3][2]

Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person, movement, or such. More specifically, it often is used in genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when he or she was alive.^[4] For example, if there are wills attested by John Jones in 1204, and 1229, and a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)".

The term is often used in art history when dating the career of an artist. In this context, it specifically denotes the period of the individual's artistic activity, not just the known existence of the artist, which might differ significantly.^[5]

In some cases, it can be replaced by the words "active between [date] and [date]", depending on context and if space or style allows.

See also

• 
  Circa (c., ca., cca.)


• 
  Reign (r., Latin rexit)


• 
  Tempore (temp.)


• Family tree

References