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Mike Harcourt
30th Premier of British Columbia
In office November 5, 1991 – February 22, 1996
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Lieutenant Governor	David Lam Garde Gardom
Preceded by	Rita Johnston
Succeeded by	Glen Clark
Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
In office April 12, 1987 – November 5, 1991
Premier	Bill Vander Zalm Rita Johnston
Preceded by	Bob Skelly
Succeeded by	Gordon Wilson
Member of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly for Vancouver-Mount Pleasant Vancouver Centre (1986-1991)
In office October 22, 1986 – May 28, 1996 Serving with Emery Barnes (1986-1991)
Preceded by	Gary Lauk Emery Barnes
Succeeded by	Jenny Kwan
34th Mayor of Vancouver
In office January 1, 1981 – December 8, 1986
Preceded by	Jack Volrich
Succeeded by	Gordon Campbell
Personal details
Born	Michael Franklin Harcourt (1943-01-06) January 6, 1943 (age 75) Edmonton, Alberta
Political party	New Democratic
Spouse(s)	Becky Harcourt

Michael Franklin Harcourt (born January 6, 1943) served as the 30th Premier of the province of British Columbia in Canada from 1991 to 1996, and before that as the 39th mayor of BC's largest city, Vancouver from 1980 to 1986.

Early life and education

Harcourt was student council president at Sir Winston Churchill Secondary School and studied at the University of British Columbia, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Laws. He founded and became the first director (1969–71) of the Vancouver Community Legal Assistance Society, reputedly Canada's first community law office.^[1]

Municipal politics

Harcourt served as a Vancouver alderman from 1973 to 1980, and as Mayor of Vancouver from 1980 to 1986. As mayor, his term in office was dominated by planning for Expo 86, an event that saw many new developments come to the city.

As a former Vancouver mayor in 2008, Harcourt provided support as a key advisor to newly-elected Mayor Gregor Robertson, including topics about sustainability and transportation.^[2]

Provincial politics and premiership

He was first elected to the British Columbia Legislature in the 1986 British Columbia provincial election. He became the leader of the British Columbia New Democratic Party (NDP) and the Leader of the Official Opposition in the following year. He was considered to be a moderate within the ranks of his social democratic party.

In the 1991 provincial election, Harcourt led the NDP back to power, defeating the Social Credit party led by Rita Johnston. This marked the second time that the NDP had ever been in power in BC, and the first since 1975.

On taking office, Harcourt's government increased the basic rate of social assistance from $500/month to $525/month, a 5% increase.^[3] By 1993, it had reached $535/month, coupled with increases in other rates and a relaxation of means testing of applicants. As Ralph Klein introduced severe spending cuts in neighbouring Alberta, Harcourt accused him in December 1993 of driving Albertan welfare recipients into British Columbia.^[4] An increase in out-of-province applications for income assistance and surge in welfare rolls and spending — The Vancouver Sun wrote that in 1993 almost 10% of the population were claiming social assistance^[3] —, coupled with a shift towards an intolerant view of welfare fraud in Canadian politics,^[5] affected the government's standing. A controversial news story about welfare fraud among British Columbia's Somali Canadian community, after the government had denied that system abuse was taking place, further hurt its standing.^[4]

Harcourt reacted by abandoning his social democratic policy and moving to the right on welfare. He fired Joan Smallwood as Minister of Social Services and replaced her with Joy MacPhail, reduced welfare rates, and made it more difficult for families to claim assistance.^[3][5][6] Announcing this policy shift in September 1993, he infamously described it as a crackdown on "cheats, deadbeats and varmints".^[3][5] He later expressed regret for these comments, blaming a "relentless" coverage of welfare fraud causes by the media for the action.^[3][5] The resulting BC Benefits welfare reform package, which included budget cuts, new restrictions, and a reduction in the basic rate to $500/month, the same it had been when Harcourt took office, proved hard to accept for the NDP^[3] and had a lasting effect on their reputation, hampering their attempts to condemn later governments for undertaking similar welfare crackdowns.^[7]

The NDP government under Mr. Harcourt entered into a contract with Carrier Lumber Ltd. to build roads and construct new mills to handle an increased volume of wood due the infestation of the mountain pine beetle. On May 13, 1992, Mr. Harcourt ignored the contract between his government and Carrier Lumber Ltd. and promised several First Nations that no timber would be harvested and no roads would be built without their agreement. Phillip Halkett, deputy minister of forests, testified at trial that "The Premier had no authority to make that promise". The courts award Carrier Lumber Ltd. $156,000,000, ruling there was a deliberate attempt to destroy the company and government officials had conspired to withhold 2,000 pages of documents in an attempt to defeat Carrier's damage suit. Justice Glenn Parrett of the Supreme Court of British Columbia in his reasons stated of the NDP government that "It is difficult to conceive of a more compelling and cynical example of duplicity and bad faith." Carrier Lumber Ltd. v. British Columbia 1999 CanLII 6979 at para. 400 (19990729), Supreme Court (British Columbia, Canada)

Harcourt resigned as premier in February 1996 as the result of "Bingogate," a scandal in which an NDP member, former B.C. MLA and MP, David Stupich, used money raised by a charity bingo to fund the party. While it was determined by a BC Ministry of Justice Special Prosecutor that Harcourt was not directly responsible for the scandal, he took political responsibility for it. He was succeeded as premier by Glen Clark, who also ended up resigning as the result of another scandal.^[8]

Harcourt's challenges as premier, both within the legislature and with the media, were chronicled in Vancouver journalist Daniel Gawthrop's Highwire Act: Power, Pragmatism, and the Harcourt Legacy,^[9] which was published shortly after his resignation as the NDP was preparing for the leadership convention in which Clark was named his successor.

Post-politics

After serving as premier, Harcourt became associated with the University of British Columbia (UBC). He was involved in research relating to sustainable development and cities.

Harcourt was severely injured in a near-fatal fall at his cottage^[10][11] on Pender Island in November 2002, which resulted in a severe spinal-cord injury. After 13 years as a partial quadriplegic, he describes 20 percent of his body as still paralyzed.^[12] The former premier received a widespread outpouring of empathy and support from his fellow British Columbians and his rapid recovery astonished doctors. He spent several months at the world-renowned facility GF Strong. He later published a book about his ordeal, called Plan B.

He was named as a special advisor to Prime Minister Paul Martin on cities on December 12, 2003.

His latest book, City Making in Paradise, was released in August 2007.

In November 2007, he received an honorary doctoral degree in Law (LL.D) from UBC. In February 2009 he was appointed associate director of the new UBC Continuing Studies Centre for Sustainability, where he will contribute to the development of educational programs that emphasize practical knowledge in tackling climate change and other sustainability issues.^[13]

In the January 31st, 2014 issue of "High Country News",^[14] Harcourt stated he was recruited in the 1960s by an activist group to oppose a freeway that would have connected the Trans-Canada Highway to downtown Vancouver. 'You've been hired to stop the freeway,' he recalled in the article.

Harcourt revealed in April 2014 that he had allowed his NDP membership to lapse and now considers himself an independent. "I don’t know whether it’s a trial separation or a decree absolute," he told the Globe and Mail in an interview. Harcourt cited several complaints against his former party including former leader Adrian Dix's decision to oppose the Kinder-Morgan pipeline and the party's general disposition against mining, logging and other resource-extraction industries, the party's 2009 opposition to the BC Liberal government's proposed carbon tax, and the 2010 caucus revolt that forced the resignation of then-leader Carole James.^[15]

Harcourt had repeatedly supported the legalization of cannabis and in May 2014 announced that he would be an advisor to True Leaf Medicine Inc., a Vernon-based start-up company seeking Health Canada approval to produce and sell medicinal marijuana.^[16] Harcourt admitted previous personal use of marijuana in the 1960s and 1970s.^[12]

Harcourt sits as an advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Commission.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mike Harcourt.