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Line 1
Overview
Native name	1호선（一號線） Il Hoseon
Type	Rapid transit/Suburban Rail
System	Seoul Metropolitan Subway
Status	Operational
Termini	Soyosan Incheon / Sinchang / Gwangmyeong / Seodongtan
Stations	97 Seoul Metro: 10 Korail: 87
Operation
Opened	August 15, 1974
Operator(s)	Seoul Metro & Korail
Technical
Line length	200.6 km (124.6 mi) Seoul Metro: 7.8 km (4.8 mi)[1] Korail: 192.8 km (119.8 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Operating speed	100 km/h (62 mph)
Route map

Line 1 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a commuter rail service which links central Seoul, South Korea to Soyosan Station in the northeast, Incheon in the southwest, and Sinchang via Suwon and Cheonan in the south. The central underground portion of this rail line is the oldest subway section in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system; the entire rail line covers a large part of the Seoul Capital Area. The underground section between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni Station, which is referred to as Seoul Metro Line 1 (7.8 kilometers (4.8 mi)), is currently operated by Seoul Metro.^[1] The line first opened in 1974 as the '''Korean National Railroad of Seoul''' with through services to national mainline railways from Seongbuk Station (now: Kwangwoon University Station) to Incheon and Suwon Stations.^[2] At the time, the 7.8 km underground portion was run by Seoul Metro was called Line 1 and labeled red on maps. On the other hand, the remaining sections of the rail line run by Korail were labeled either blue or gray on maps, and the express lines were red. In 2000, the adjacent through-running Korail services from the Gyeongbu, Gyeongin and Gyeongwon Lines were officially bundled together as part of a greater Line 1, and the labeling on maps was changed to the current dark blue color. Commuter railway service was extended to Sinchang in December 2008.^{[citation needed]}

Frequent service is provided between Soyosan, Dongducheon, Uijeongbu, Cheongnyangni, Seoul, Yongsan, and Guro, where trains split between Incheon in the west and Byeongjeom and Cheonan in the south. Express trains operate from Yongsan and Seoul Stations to Dongincheon and Sinchang stations.

Trains travel along Gyeongbu (Seoul-Cheonan), Gyeongin (Guro-Incheon), Janghang (Cheonan-Sinchang) and Gyeongwon (Hoegi-Soyosan) railway lines.

In June 2006, Jinwi and Jije Stations opened on the Gyeongbu Line. In January 2010 Dangjeong Station opened, between Gunpo and Uiwang Stations. Part of the Gyeongwon Line from Dongducheon (formerly Dongan) to Uijeongbu was merged into Line 1 in December 2006.

The line runs on the left-hand side of the track, as opposed to the right-hand side of the track like all of the other Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines do.^[3]

Rapid (Express) trains

Korail operates a variety of express "rapid" (급행, 急行) trains for long distance commuter services on Line 1. These services include:

• Gyeongin line express services from Yongsan to Dongincheon, operating express between Guro and Dongincheon, including:
  
  • Regular express services, introduced on January 29, 1999, following quadruple-tracking of the Gyeongin Line.
  
  
  • Faster limited express (특급) trains, introduced on July 7, 2017.
  
  


• Gyeongbu line express services, including:
  
  • Yongsan-Cheonan/Sinchang express services.
  
  
  • Seoul Station-Cheonan/Sinchang (green express), skipping all stations between Seoul Station and Geumcheon-gu Office Station, making intermediate stops at Anyang, Gunpo, and Uiwang, and then following the Yeongsan-Cheonan/Sinchang express service pattern south of Suwon.
  
  


• Gyeongwon line express services from Dongducheon (although several trains originate from Soyosan) to Incheon, operating express between Dongducheon and Kwangwoon University and run local between Incheon and Kwangwoon University.

Former express services include:

• One late night Gyeongin line express service that originated at Soyosan, made all stops to Guro, then made express stops until Incheon.


• Yeongdeungpo-Byeongjeom Gyeongbu line express service, skipping all stations between Yeongdeungpo and Anyang and then following the Yeongsan-Cheonan/Sinchang express service pattern south of Anyang until Byeongjeom. This service was introduced on August 25, 2014 and was discontinued on December 9, 2016.


• Two faster Yongsan-Sinchang limited express trains (one in each direction), introduced in 2013. This train only operated on weekends and holidays. It was discontinued on July 1, 2018.

Stations

Cheongnyangni – Seoul Station
Legend
Gyeongwon Line, Jungang Line 0.0 Cheongnyangni Gyeongwon Line ( Gyeongui–​Jungang ) 1.0 Jegi-dong 1.9 Sinseol-dong 2.6 Dongmyo Since 2005 3.2 Dongdaemun 4.0 Jongno 5(o)-ga 4.9 Jongno 3(sam)-ga 5.7 Jonggak 6.7 City Hall Gyeongui Line, 7.8 Seoul , Gyeongbu Line

Main Lines

GW: Gyeongwon (Dongducheon - Incheon) express
GI: Gyeongin (Yongsan - Dongincheon) express
GB: Gyeongbu red express
SC: Gyeongbu green (Seoul - Cheonan/Sinchang) limited stop

Station Number	Station Name English	Station Name Hangul	Station Name Hanja	GW	GI	GB	SC	Transfer	Line Name	Distance in km	Total Distance	Location
100	Soyosan	소요산	逍遙山	○	No service		No service		Gyeongwon Line	---	0.0	Gyeonggi-do	Dongducheon-si
101	Dongducheon	동두천	東豆川	●						2.5	2.5
102	Bosan	보산	保山	｜						1.6	4.1
103	Dongducheon Jungang	동두천중앙	東豆川中央	●						1.4	5.5
104	Jihaeng	지행	紙杏	●						1.0	6.5
105	Deokjeong	덕정	德亭	●						5.6	12.1		Yangju-si
106	Deokgye	덕계	德溪	｜						2.9	15.0
107	Yangju	양주	楊州	●						5.3	20.3
108	Nogyang	녹양	綠揚	｜						1.6	21.9		Uijeongbu-si
109	Ganeung	가능	佳陵	｜						1.3	23.2
110	Uijeongbu	의정부	議政府	●						1.2	24.4
111	Hoeryong	회룡	回龍	●				U		1.6	26.0
112	Mangwolsa	망월사	望月寺	｜						1.4	27.4
113	Dobongsan	도봉산	道峰山	●						2.3	29.7	Seoul	Dobong-gu
114	Dobong	도봉	道峰	｜						1.2	30.9
115	Banghak	방학	放鶴	｜						1.3	32.2
116	Chang-dong	창동	倉洞	●						1.7	33.9
117	Nokcheon	녹천	鹿川	｜						1.0	34.9
118	Wolgye	월계	月溪	｜						1.4	36.3		Nowon-gu
119	Kwangwoon Univ.	광운대	光云大	●				Gyeongchun		1.1	37.4
120	Seokgye	석계	石溪	Makes all stops						1.1	38.5
121	Sinimun	신이문	新里門							1.4	39.9		Dongdaemun-gu
122	Hankuk Univ. of Foreign Studies	외대앞	外大앞							0.8	40.7
123	Hoegi	회기	回基					Gyeongui–​Jungang   Gyeongchun		0.8	41.5
124	Cheongnyangni	청량리	淸凉里					Gyeongui–​Jungang   Gyeongchun   Bundang  Mugunghwa-ho and ITX-Saemaeul services	Seoul Metro Line 1	1.4	42.9
125	Jegi-dong	제기동	祭基洞							1.0	43.9
126	Sinseol-dong	신설동	新設洞					(Seongsu branch)  Ui		0.9	44.8
127	Dongmyo	동묘앞	東廟앞							0.7	45.5		Jongno-gu
128	Dongdaemun	동대문	東大門							0.6	46.1
129	Jongno 5(o)-ga	종로5가	鍾路5街							0.8	46.9
130	Jongno 3(sam)-ga	종로3가	鍾路3街							0.9	47.8
131	Jonggak	종각	鐘閣							0.8	48.6
132	City Hall	시청	市廳							1.0	49.6		Jung-gu
133	Seoul Station	서울역	서울驛				●	Gyeongui–​Jungang  (Seoul Station branch) Mugunghwa-ho and ITX-Saemaeul services		1.1	50.7
134	Namyeong	남영	南營				｜		Gyeongbu Line	1.7	52.4		Yongsan-gu
135	Yongsan	용산	龍山		●	Makes all stops	｜	Gyeongui–​Jungang  Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, and ITX-Saemaeul services		1.5	53.9
136	Noryangjin	노량진	鷺梁津		●		｜			2.6	56.5		Dongjak-gu
137	Daebang	대방	大方		○		｜			1.5	58.0		Yeongdeungpo-gu
138	Singil	신길	新吉		○		｜			0.8	58.8
139	Yeongdeungpo	영등포	永登浦		○		▲ ↓ [4]	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, and ITX-Saemaeul services (limited service)		1.0	59.8
140	Sindorim	신도림	新道林		●		｜			1.5	61.3		Guro-gu
141	Guro	구로	九老		●		｜	(for Sinchang, Gwangmeong, or Seodongtan)		1.1	62.4
142	Guil	구일	九一		｜	No service			Gyeongin Line	1.4	63.8
143	Gaebong	개봉	開峰		○					1.0	64.8
144	Oryu-dong	오류동	梧柳洞		｜					1.3	66.1
145	Onsu	온수	溫水		｜					1.9	68.0
146	Yeokgok	역곡	驛谷		○					1.3	69.3	Gyeonggi-do	Bucheon-si
147	Sosa	소사	素砂		｜			Seohae		1.5	70.8
148	Bucheon	부천	富川		●					1.1	71.9
149	Jung-dong	중동	中洞		｜					1.7	73.6
150	Songnae	송내	松內		●					1.0	74.6
151	Bugae	부개	富開		｜					1.2	75.8	Incheon	Bupyeong-gu
152	Bupyeong	부평	富平		●			Incheon 1		1.5	77.3
153	Baegun	백운	白雲		｜					1.7	79.0
154	Dongam	동암	銅岩		○					1.5	80.5
155	Ganseok	간석	間石		｜					1.2	81.7		Michuhol-gu
156	Juan	주안	朱安		●			Incheon 2		1.2	82.9
157	Dohwa	도화	道禾		｜					1.0	83.9
158	Jemulpo	제물포	濟物浦		○					1.0	84.9
159	Dowon	도원	桃源		｜					1.4	86.3		Jung-gu
160	Dongincheon	동인천	東仁川		●					1.2	87.5
161	Incheon	인천	仁川		No service			Suin		1.9	89.4
141	Guro	구로	九老	●	●	●	｜	(for Incheon)	Gyeongbu Line	1.1	62.4	Seoul	Guro-gu
P142	Gasan Digital Complex	가산디지털단지	加山디지털團地	No service		●	｜			2.4	64.8		Geumcheon-gu
P143	Doksan	독산	禿山			｜	｜			2.0	66.8
P144	Geumcheon-gu Office	금천구청	衿川區廳			｜	●	(for Gwangmyeong)		1.2	68.0
P145	Seoksu	석수	石水			｜	｜			2.3	70.3	Gyeonggi-do	Anyang-si
P146	Gwanak	관악	冠岳			｜	｜			1.9	72.2
P147	Anyang	안양	安養			○	●	Mugunghwa-ho services (limited service)		2.4	74.6
P148	Myeonghak	명학	鳴鶴			｜	｜			2.2	76.8
P149	Geumjeong	금정	衿井			｜	｜			1.4	78.2		Gunpo-si
P150	Gunpo	군포	軍浦			｜	●			2.2	80.4
P151	Dangjeong	당정	堂井			｜	｜			1.2	81.6
P152	Uiwang	의왕	義王			｜	●			3.0	84.6		Uiwang-si
P153	Sungkyunkwan Univ.	성균관대	成均館大			｜	▲			2.9	87.5		Suwon-si
P154	Hwaseo	화서	華西			｜	｜			2.6	90.1
P155	Suwon	수원	水原			●		Bundang  Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, and ITX-Saemaeul services (limited service)		2.1	92.2
P156	Seryu	세류	細柳			｜				2.9	95.1
P157	Byeongjeom	병점	餅店			●		(for Seodongtan)		4.3	99.4		Hwaseong-si
P158	Sema	세마	洗馬			｜				2.4	101.8		Osan-si
P159	Osan College	오산대	烏山大			｜				2.7	104.5
P160	Osan	오산	烏山			●		Mugunghwa-ho services (limited service)		2.7	107.2
P161	Jinwi	진위	振威			｜				4.0	111.2		Pyeongtaek-si
P162	Songtan	송탄	松炭			｜				3.8	115.0
P163	Seojeong-ri	서정리	西井里			●		Mugunghwa-ho services (limited service)		2.2	117.2
P164	Jije	지제	芝制			｜		Suseo HSR		4.8	122.0
P165	Pyeongtaek	평택	平澤			●		Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho (limited service), and ITX-Saemaeul (limited service) services		125.7
P166	Seonghwan	성환	成歡			●		Mugunghwa-ho services (limited service)		9.4	135.1	Chungcheong nam-do	Cheonan-si
P167	Jiksan	직산	稷山			｜				5.4	140.5
P168	Dujeong	두정	斗井			●				3.8	144.3
P169	Cheonan	천안	天安			●		Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, and ITX-Saemaeul services		3.0	147.3
P170	Bongmyeong	봉명	鳳鳴			Makes all stops (limited service)			Janghang Line	1.5	148.8
P171	Ssangyong	쌍용	雙龍							1.5	150.3
P172	Asan	아산	牙山					Mugunghwa-ho and Saemaeul-ho services		1.5	151.8		Asan-si
P173	Tangjeong (2020)	탕정				｜
P174	Baebang	배방	排芳			Makes all stops (limited service)				4.9	156.7
P176	Onyangoncheon	온양온천	溫陽溫泉					Mugunghwa-ho and Saemaeul-ho services		4.9	161.6
P177	Sinchang	신창	新昌							5.1	166.7

Yeongdeungpo - Gwangmyeong shuttle service

Station Number	Station Name English	Station Name Hangul	Station Name Hanja	Transfer	Line Name	Distance in km	Total Distance	Location
P144	Geumcheon-gu Office	금천구청	衿川區廳	(for Sinchang or Seodongtan)	Gyeongbu high-speed railway	1.2	68.0	Seoul	Geumcheon-gu
P144-1	Gwangmyeong	광명	光明			4.7	72.7	Gyeonggi-do	Gwangmyeong-si

Byeongjeom Depot spur service

Station Number	Station Name English	Station Name Hangul	Station Name Hanja	Transfer	Distance in km	Total Distance	Location
P157	Byeongjeom	병점	餠店	(for Sinchang)	4.3	99.4	Gyeonggi-do	Hwaseong-si
P157-1	Seodongtan	서동탄	西東灘		2.2	101.6		Osan-si

Historical Timeline

Seoul Subway map in the early 1980s, which shows the Korail-managed portions of Line 1 in blue and its underground portion as red.

1974

August 15: Line 1 is officially opened with 9 stations from Seoul to Cheongnyangni (7.8 kilometers (4.8 mi)),^[1] creating a system of 28 stations (excluding the 9 metro stations) on national railroads from Seongbuk Station (now: Kwangwoon University Station, the then-northern terminus) to Incheon Station and Suwon Station. Korail is named Korean National Railroad, with Line 1 just referring to the Seoul–Cheongnyangni section.

1978

December 9: The Gyeongwon Line from Yongsan to Seongbuk opens as a new branch, with Ichon and Seongsu (now part of the Jungang Line).

1979

February 1: Yuljeon Station is opened.

1980

January 5: Sinimun Station is opened.

April 1: Seobinggo, Hannam and Hoegi (now part of the Jungang Line) are opened.

July 10: Seongsu is renamed Eungbong Station

1982

August 2: Seoksu Station is opened.

1984

January 1: Yuljeon Station is renamed Seongdae-ap Station.

May 22: Sindorim Station is opened.

November 20: Baegun Station is opened.

1985

January 14: Seokgye Station is opened.

April 20: Chang-dong is opened as a northward extension.

August 22: Wolgye and Nokcheon are opened.

October 18: Oksu Station (now part of the Jungang Line) is opened.

1986

September 2: 6 stations from Uijeongbu to Chang-dong are opened as a northward extension.

1987

October 5: Uijeongbu Bukbu Station is opened.

December 31: Jung-dong Station is opened.

1988

January 16: Onsu Station is opened.

October 25: The Ansan Line is opened as a southward branch, from Geumjeong Station to Ansan Station.

1994

July 11: Ganseok and Dowon are opened.

December 1: Seongdae-ap Station is renamed to Sungkyunkwan University.

1995

February 16: Guil Station is opened.

1996

January 1: Hwigyeong Station is renamed to Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Station

March 28: Bugae Station is opened.

1997

April 30: Sosa Station is opened.

1998

January 7: Singil and Doksan are opened.

2000

Korea National Railroad and Line 1 are integrated as Seoul (Metropolitan) Subway Line 1.

2001

November 30: Dohwa Station is opened.

2003

April 30: Seryu and Byeongjeom are opened as a southward extension. The Ansan Line service is replaced with an extended Seoul Subway Line 4.

2004

August 25: Bugok Station is renamed Uiwang Station.

2005

January 20: 8 stations from Byeongjeom to Cheonan are opened as another southward extension.

December 16: The Gyeongwon Line branch from Yongsan Station to Hoegi Station and the Jungang Line from Hoegi Station to Deokso Station open and are renamed to the separate Yongsan-Deokso Line. This service was the predecessor to the current Jungang Line.

December 21: Dongmyo Station is opened.

December 27: Sema and Osan College Stations are opened.

2006

June 30: Jinwi and Jije Stations are opened.

July 1: Garibong Station is renamed to Gasan Digital Complex.

December 15: 8 stations from Soyosan to Uijeongbu Bukbu are opened as a northward extension. A spur line to Gwangmyeong Station is created. Uijeongbu Bukbu Station is renamed to Ganeung.

2007

December 28: Deokgye Station is opened.

2008

December: 6 stations from Cheonan to Sinchang are opened as another southward extension. Siheung Station is renamed to Geumcheon-gu Office.

2010

January 21: Dangjeong Station is opened.

February 26: Seodongtan Station is opened.

2015

February 3: Gaebong and Jemulpo start serving Gyeongin express trains.

2017

July 6: A new Limited express was launched between Yongsan and Dongincheon stations.

Future Plans

Line 1 will be extended northward from Soyosan Station to Yeoncheon Station on the Gyeongwon Line, replacing the current "'Tonggeun" service operating there. Construction on this extension began in September 2014 and is expected to be completed sometime in 2021 or 2022.

Rolling stock

Current

Seoul Metro

• 
  Seoul Metro 1000 series
  
  • Rheostat-controlled electric car (rebuilt cars) - since 1989
  
  
  • VVVF inverter-controlled electric car - since 1999
  
  

• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Seoul Metro 1000 series rheostat-controlled EMU (2nd batch)
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Seoul Metro 1000 series VVVF inverter-controlled EMU
  

  
  

  
  

Korail

• 
  Korail Class 1000 (3rd batch) (since 1994)


• 
  Korail Class 311000 (since 1996)


• 
  Korail Class 319000 (for Gwangmyeong Shuttle) (since 2006)

• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Korail Class 1000 (3rd batch) in original livery
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Korail Class 311000 (1st batch)
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Korail Class 311000 (2nd batch)
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Korail Class 311000 (6th batch)
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Korail Class 319000
  

  
  

  
  

Former

Seoul Metro

• 
  Seoul Metro 1000 series
  
  • Rheostat-controlled electric car (1st batch) (from 1974 until 2002)

• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Seoul Metro 1000 series (1st batch car) on Gyeongbu Line, October 1988
  

  
  

  
  

Korail

• 
  Korail Class 1000 (1st batch) (from 1974 until 2004)


• 
  Korail Class 1000 (2nd batch) (from 1986 until 2017)

• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Preserved Korail Class 1000 (1st batch car), January 2009
  

  
  

  
  


• 
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Korail Class 1000 (2nd batch) in new livery
  

  
  

  
  

Depots and facilities

(from north to south)

• Majeon signal box between Deokye and Yangju Stations


• Chang-dong Depot (shared with Line 4)


• Seongbuk Depot


• Imun Depot


• Guro Depot


• Siheung Depot (actually after Oido Station on Line 4, also used for heavy maintenance of Line 1 trains owned by Korail, accessed by a crossover located after Geumjeong Station)


• Byeongjeom Depot

In popular culture

Seoul Subway Line 1 is the setting and inspiration for the Korean rock musical, Line number 1 (Musical), by Hakchon Theater troupe based on the German musical, Linie 1 by Volker Ludwig.

See also

• Subways in South Korea


• Seoul Metropolitan Subway

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Seoul Subway Line 1.

External links

• Map, station and route finder


• UrbanRail.Net