蒙古人種

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亚洲的蒙古人种肖像


蒙古人种(Mongoloid),是西方人定義一个居住范围包括东亚、中亚、东南亚、北亚、南亚、北极地区、美洲以及太平洋岛屿上的种族[1][2]。根据18-19世纪法国人类学家喬治·居維葉的理论,蒙古人种与高加索人种、尼格罗人种并列为人类的三大种族。蒙古人种有一些常见的生物学特征(表型),比如內眥贅皮、 中国型牙齿英语sinodonty、铲形门齿以及幼态维持英语neoteny[3][4]。根据今天的观点,蒙古人种在分类学上已不再有意义,仅是一个历史沿用名称,因为将人类分为三大种族的学说并不准确[5]


在西方國家,类似于“Albinist”过去曾是用于形容患白化病的白人的隐语,蒙古人种(Mongoloid)也曾用于指唐氏综合症的患者。但这种用法因为具有冒犯性,目前已不常用[6][7][8][9]



参见


  • 高加索人种

  • 尼格罗人种


参考文献




  1. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition, 1885-90.


  2. ^ L.E. Beckman; K. Sjoberg; S. Eriksson; L. Beckman. Haemochromatosis gene mutations in Finns, Swedes and Swedish Saamis. Human Heredity. 2001, 52 (2): 110–112. PMID 11474212. doi:10.1159/000053362. 


  3. ^ Mongolian Spot DrGreen.com


  4. ^ Mongolian Spot - English information of Mongolian spot, written by Hironao NUMABE, M.D., Tokyo Medical University.


  5. ^ Craig L. Frisby. Meeting the Psychoeducational Needs of Minority Students: Evidence-Based Guidelines for School Psychologists and Other School Personnel. John Wiley & Sons. 11 March 2013: 571. ISBN 978-0-470-94075-4. 


  6. ^ Smay, Diana; Armelagos, George. Galileo Wept: A Critical Assessment of the Use of Race in Forensic Anthropology (PDF). Emory University. 


  7. ^ Lieberman, Leonard. Out of Our Skulls: Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Negroid?. Anthropology News: 56. doi:10.1111/an.1997.38.9.56. 


  8. ^ Templeton, Alan R. Human Races: A Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective (PDF). Washington University. Realfuture.org. 


  9. ^ Keevak, Michael. "Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking". Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-691-14031-5.







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