École des Beaux-Arts

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Not to be confused with Musée des Beaux Arts (disambiguation).

For the former art school in Montreal, see École des Beaux-Arts de Montréal.



Palais des études of the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris


An École des Beaux-Arts (French pronunciation: ​[ekɔl de bozaʁ], School of Fine Arts) is one of a number of influential art schools in France. The most famous is the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, now located on the left bank in Paris, across the Seine from the Louvre, at 14 rue Bonaparte (in the 6th arrondissement). The school has a history spanning more than 350 years, training many of the great artists in Europe. Beaux Arts style was modeled on classical "antiquities", preserving these idealized forms and passing the style on to future generations.[1]




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Institutions


  • 3 Notable instructors, Paris


  • 4 Notable alumni, Paris


  • 5 See also


  • 6 Notes


  • 7 External links




History


The origins of the school go back to 1648 when the Académie des Beaux-Arts was founded by Cardinal Mazarin to educate the most talented students in drawing, painting, sculpture, engraving, architecture and other media. Louis XIV was known to select graduates from the school to decorate the royal apartments at Versailles, and in 1863 Napoleon III granted the school independence from the government, changing the name to "L'École des Beaux-Arts". Women were admitted beginning in 1897.


The curriculum was divided into the "Academy of Painting and Sculpture" and the "Academy of Architecture". Both programs focused on classical arts and architecture from Ancient Greek and Roman culture. All students were required to prove their skills with basic drawing tasks before advancing to figure drawing and painting. This culminated in a competition for the Grand Prix de Rome, awarding a full scholarship to study in Rome. The three trials to obtain the prize lasted for nearly three months. [1] Many of the most famous artists in Europe were trained here, to name but a few, they include Géricault, Degas, Delacroix, Fragonard, Ingres, Moreau, Renoir, Seurat, Cassandre, and Sisley. Rodin however, applied on three occasions but was refused entry.[2]


The buildings of the school are largely the creation of French architect Félix Duban, who was commissioned for the main building in 1830. His work realigned the campus, and continued through 1861, completing an architectural program out towards the Quai Malaquais.


The Paris school is the namesake and founding location of the Beaux Arts architectural movement in the early twentieth century. Known for demanding classwork and setting the highest standards for education, the École attracted students from around the world—including the United States, where students returned to design buildings that would influence the history of architecture in America, including the Boston Public Library, 1888–1895 (McKim, Mead & White) and the New York Public Library, 1897–1911 (Carrère and Hastings). Architectural graduates, especially in France, are granted the title élève.


The architecture department was separated from the École after the May 1968 student strikes at the Sorbonne. The name was changed to École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts. Today, over 500 students make use of an extensive collection of classical art coupled with modern additions to the curriculum, including photography and hypermedia.[3]



Institutions


  • ENSA École nationale des beaux arts de Dijon

  • ENSA École nationale des beaux arts de Bourges

  • ENSBA École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts Lyon


  • European Academy of Art (EESAB) in Lorient, Rennes, Quimper, and Brest

  • ESADMM École supérieure d'art et de design Marseille-Méditerranée

  • ENSA École nationale des beaux arts de Nancy


  • École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts (ENSBA), Paris

  • ESAD École supérieure d'art et design de Valence (fr), Valence


Notable instructors, Paris



  • Marina Abramović

  • Pierre Alechinsky

  • Mirra Alfassa

  • Louis-Jules André

  • Antoine Berjon

  • François Boisrond

  • Christian Boltanski

  • Léon Bonnat

  • Duchenne de Boulogne

  • Jean-Marc Bustamante

  • Alexandre Cabanel

  • Pierre Carron

  • César

  • Jean-François Chevrier

  • Claude Closky

  • Jules Coutan

  • Richard Deacon

  • Aimé-Jules Dalou

  • Lin Fengmian

  • Louis Girault

  • Fabrice Hybert

  • François Jouffroy

  • Victor Laloux

  • Paul Landowski

  • Jean-Paul Laurens

  • Charles Le Brun

  • Michel Marot

  • Annette Messager

  • Gustave Moreau

  • Jean-Louis Pascal


  • Auguste Perret,

  • Emmanuel Pontremoli

  • Paul Richer


  • Louis Sullivan, American architect, left after one year

  • Pan Yuliang



Notable alumni, Paris




  • David Adler, architect, American


  • Nadir Afonso, painter


  • Rodolfo Amoedo, painter


  • Émile André, architect, French


  • Paul Andreu, French architect, 1968 graduate [4]


  • Théodore Ballu, architect


  • Edward Bennett, architect, city planner


  • Jules Benoit-Levy, painting


  • Étienne-Prosper Berne-Bellecour, painter


  • Robert Bery, painter


  • Alexander Bogen, painter


  • Wim Boissevain, painter, Dutch-Australian


  • Maurice Boitel, painter


  • Pierre Bonnard, painter


  • Jacques Borker, tapestry designer, painter, sculptor, French artist.


  • Joseph-Félix Bouchor, painter


  • William-Adolphe Bouguereau, painter


  • Antoine Bourdelle, sculptor, French


  • Louis Bourgeois, architect, French Canadian


  • George T. Brewster, sculptor, American


  • Bernard Buffet, painter


  • Carlo Bugatti, designer and furniture maker, Italian


  • John James Burnet, architect


  • Mary Cassatt, painter


  • Paul Chalfin, painter and designer, American


  • Charles Frédéric Chassériau, architect, French


  • Araldo Cossutta, architect, Yugoslavian-American


  • Suzor-Coté, painter


  • Henri Crenier, sculptor


  • John Walter Cross, architect, American


  • Henry Dangler, architect, American


  • Jacques-Louis David, painter


  • Gabriel Davioud, architect


  • Marie-Abraham Rosalbin de Buncey, painter, French


  • Edgar Degas, painter, French


  • Eugène Delacroix, painter, French


  • Jenny Eakin Delony, painter, American


  • Constant-Désiré Despradelle, architect, French


  • Henry d'Estienne painter, French


  • Félix Duban, architect, French


  • Thomas Eakins, painter, American


  • Ernest Flagg, architect, American


  • Jean-Honoré Fragonard, painter, French


  • Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, sculptor, painter, poet, American


  • Charles Garnier, architect, French


  • Tony Garnier, architect, French


  • Adrien Étienne Gaudez, sculptor, French


  • Théodore Géricault, painter, French


  • Heydar Ghiaï-Chamlou, architect, Iranian[5]


  • Georges Gimel, painter, French


  • Charles Ginner, painter


  • Louis Girault, architect, French


  • Hubert de Givenchy, fashion designer


  • André Godard, designer of University of Tehran main campus


  • L. Birge Harrison, painter


  • Thomas Hastings, architect, American

  • Yves Hernot, Painting, photographer


  • Mary Rockwell Hook, architect, American


  • Richard Morris Hunt, architect, American


  • Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, painter, French


  • Sadik Kaceli, painter, Albanian


  • Mati Klarwein, painter


  • Constantin Kluge, painter, Russian


  • György Kornis, painter, Hungarian


  • Victor Laloux, architect, French


  • Jules Lavirotte, architect, French


  • Paul Leroy painter, French


  • Charles-Amable Lenoir painter, French


  • Stanton Macdonald-Wright, painter, American


  • Joseph Margulies, painter


  • Albert Marquet, painter, French


  • William Sutherland Maxwell, architect


  • Bernard Maybeck, architect, American


  • Annette Messager, installationist, multi-media


  • Jean-François Millet, painter, Norman


  • Gustave Moreau, painter, French


  • Julia Morgan, architect, American


  • Ngo Viet Thu, architect, Vietnamese


  • Victor Nicolas, sculptor, French


  • Francisco Oller, painter, Puerto Rican


  • Ong Schan Tchow (alias Yung Len Kwui), painter


  • Alphonse Osbert, painter, French


  • J. Harleston Parker, architect, American


  • Jean-Louis Pascal, architect


  • Théophile Poilpot, painter, French


  • John Russell Pope, architect, American


  • Robert Poughéon, painter, French


  • S. H. Raza, painter, Indian


  • Neel Reid, architect, American


  • Pierre-Auguste Renoir, painter


  • Arthur W. Rice, architect, American


  • Gustave Rives, architect


  • Cécilia Rodhe, sculptor


  • James Gamble Rogers, architect, American


  • Kanuty Rusiecki, painter, Lithuanian


  • Augustus Saint-Gaudens, sculptor, American


  • Bojan Šarčević, sculptor


  • Louis-Frederic Schützenberger, painter, French


  • Georges Seurat, painter, French


  • Joann Sfar, designer


  • Amrita Sher-Gil, painter, Indian


  • Nicolas Sicard painter, French


  • Alfred Sisley, painter


  • Clarence Stein, designer


  • Yehezkel Streichman, painter


  • Lorado Taft, sculptor


  • Agnes Tait, painter, lithographer


  • Vedat Tek, architect, Turkish


  • Albert-Félix-Théophile Thomas, architect


  • Edward Lippincott Tilton, architect, American


  • Roland Topor, designer


  • George Oakley Totten, Jr., architect, American


  • Morton Traylor, painter, American


  • Guillaume Tronchet, architect


  • Valentino, fashion designer


  • William Van Alen, architect


  • Vann Molyvann, architect, Cambodian


  • Agnès Varda, film director


  • Lydia Venieri, painter, Greek


  • Carlos Raúl Villanueva, architect


  • Lucien Weissenburger, architect


  • Norval White, architect, American


  • Ivor Wood, animator and director, Anglo-French


  • Alice Morgan Wright, sculptor, American


  • Marion Sims Wyeth, architect, American


  • Georges Zipélius, illustrator, French


  • Jacques Zwobada, sculptor, French of Czech origins


  • Yasuo Mizui, sculptor, Japanese



See also


  • Académie des Beaux-Arts

  • Architecture of Paris

  • Beaux-Arts architecture

  • Comité des Étudiants Américains de l'École des Beaux-Arts Paris

  • Paris Salon


Notes




  1. ^ Pierre Bourdieu (1998). The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Stanford UP. pp. 133–35. 


  2. ^ "Rodin, Famous Sculptor, Dead". The New York Times. 18 November 1917. p. E3. 


  3. ^ Online catalogue. "Entrée des artistes"


  4. ^ "Paul Andreu – French architect and engineer mostly noted for his numerous airport designs". structurae.net. Retrieved 2015-09-13. 


  5. ^ Heydar, Ghiai, designer of the Iran Senate House




External links





  • The Ecole des Beaux-Arts – Historical essay


  • École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts – Official website


  • École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts – History

Coordinates: 48°51′24″N 2°20′01″E / 48.85667°N 2.33361°E / 48.85667; 2.33361




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