Tauranga
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Tauranga Tauranga-moana (Māori) | |
|---|---|
Metropolitan area | |
 Tauranga from Mount Maunganui | |
  Tauranga Location of Tauranga, New Zealand | |
| Coordinates: 37°41′S 176°10′E / 37.683°S 176.167°E / -37.683; 176.167Coordinates: 37°41′S 176°10′E / 37.683°S 176.167°E / -37.683; 176.167 | |
| Country |  New Zealand |
| Island | North Island |
| Region | Bay of Plenty |
| Territorial authority | Tauranga City Council |
| Wards | Mount Manunganui-Papamoa Otumoetai-Pyes Pa Te Papa-Welcome Bay |
| Settled | 1250–1300 |
| Gazetted as a borough | 1882 |
| City constituted | 17 April 1963 |
| Electorate(s) | Tauranga Bay of Plenty |
| Government | |
| • MP (Tauranga) | Simon Bridges (National) |
| • MP (Bay of Plenty) | Todd Muller (National) |
| • Mayor | Greg Brownless |
| • Deputy Mayor | Kelvin Clout |
| Area | |
| • Territorial | 168 km2 (65 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 232 m (761 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (June 2018)[1] | |
| • Territorial | 135,000 |
| • Density | 800/km2 (2,100/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 141,600 |
| Time zone | UTC+12 (NZST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+13 (NZDT) |
| Postcode(s) | 3110, 3112, 3116, 3118 |
| Area code(s) | 07 |
| Local iwi | Ngāti Ranginui, Ngāi Te Rangi, Ngāti Pūkenga |
| Website | Tauranga.govt.nz |
View over Greater Tauranga, taken from the top of Mauao
Tauranga (Māori pronunciation: [ˈtaʉɾaŋa])[2][3] is the most populous city in the Bay of Plenty region of the North Island of New Zealand. It was settled by Māori late in the 13th century and by Europeans in the early 19th century and was constituted as a city in 1963.[4] Tauranga City is the centre of the fifth largest urban area in New Zealand, with an urban population of 141,600 (June 2018).[1]
The city lies in the north-western corner of the Bay of Plenty, on the south-eastern edge of Tauranga Harbour. The city extends over an area of 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi), and encompasses the communities of Bethlehem, on the south-western outskirts of the city; Greerton, on the southern outskirts of the city; Matua, west of the central city overlooking Tauranga Harbour; Maungatapu; Mount Maunganui, located north of the central city across the harbour facing the Bay of Plenty; Otumoetai; Papamoa, Tauranga's largest suburb, located on the Bay of Plenty; Tauranga City; Tauranga South; and Welcome Bay.
Tauranga is one of New Zealand's main centres for business, international trade, culture, fashion and horticultural science. The Port of Tauranga is New Zealand's largest port in terms of gross export tonnage and efficiency.[5][6] Tauranga is one of New Zealand's fastest growing cities, with a 14 percent increase in population between the 2001 census and the 2006 census,[7] and 11% between the 2006 census and the 2013 census.[8] This rapid population growth has seen Tauranga overtake Dunedin and the Napier-Hastings urban areas to become New Zealand's fifth-largest city.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Settlement
1.2 New Zealand Wars–Tauranga Campaign
1.2.1 The Battle of Gate Pa
2 Tauranga today
2.1 Suburbs
3 Geography
4 Climate
5 Demographics
5.1 Culture and identity
6 Government and politics
7 Economy
8 Arts and culture
8.1 Religion
8.2 Music
8.3 Events
8.4 Sports
9 City facilities and attractions
10 Infrastructure
10.1 Hospitals
10.2 Utilities
11 Transport
11.1 Air
11.2 Rail
11.3 Bus
12 Education
13 Notable residents
14 Past residents
15 Sister cities
16 References
17 External links
History
Settlement
The earliest known settlers were Māori who arrived at Tauranga in the Takitimu and the Mataatua waka in the 13th century.
At 9 am on Friday 23 June 1826 Herald was the first European ship to enter Tauranga Harbour. The Revd. Henry Williams conducted a Christian service at Otamataha Pā.[9][10][11]
In December 1826 and again on March 1827 the Herald travelled to Tauranga from the Bay of Islands to obtain supplies of potatoes, pigs and flax.[12][13] In 1835 a Church Missionary Society mission station was established at Tauranga by William Wade. Rev. Alfred N. Brown arrived at the CMS mission station in 1838.[14] John Morgan also visited the mission in 1838.[15]
Europeans trading in flax were active in the Bay of Plenty during the 1830s; some were transient, others married local women and settled permanently. The first permanent non-Maori trader was James Farrow, who travelled to Tauranga in 1829, obtaining flax fibre for Australian merchants in exchange for muskets and gunpowder. Farrow acquired a land area of 2,000 square metres (1⁄2 acre) on 10 January 1838 at Otumoetai Pā from the chiefs Tupaea, Tangimoana and Te Omanu, the earliest authenticated land purchase in the Bay of Plenty.[16]
In 1840, a Catholic mission station was established. Bishop Pompallier was given land within the palisades of Otumoetai Pā for a church and a presbytery. The mission station closed in 1863 due to land wars in the Waikato district.[17]
New Zealand Wars–Tauranga Campaign
The Tauranga Campaign took place in and around Tauranga from 21 January to 21 June 1864, during the New Zealand Wars. The Battle of Gate Pa is the best known.
The Battle of Gate Pa
The battle of Gate Pā was an attack on the well fortified Pā and its Māori defenders on 29 April 1864 by British forces made up of approximately 300 men of the 43rd Regiment and a naval brigade. It was the single most devastating loss of life suffered by the British military in the whole of the New Zealand Wars. The British casualties were 31 dead including 10 officers and 80 wounded. The Māori defenders abandoned the Pā during the night with casualties estimated at 25 dead and an unknown number of wounded.[18]
Tauranga today
Under the Local Government (Tauranga City Council) Order 2003,[19] Tauranga became legally a city for a second time, from 1 March 2004.
In August 2011, Tauranga received Ultra-Fast Broadband as part of the New Zealand Government's rollout.[20]
Suburbs
Here is a list of suburbs by electoral ward:
Te Papa / Welcome Bay:
| Otumoetai / Pyes Pa:
| Mount Maunganui / Papamoa:
| Others:
|
Geography
Tauranga is located around a large harbour that extends along the western Bay of Plenty, and is protected by Matakana Island and the extinct volcano of Mauao (Mount Maunganui). Ngamuwahine River is located 19 kilometres southwest of Tauranga.
Situated along a faultline, Tauranga and the Bay of Plenty experience infrequent seismic activity, and there are a few volcanoes around the area (mainly dormant). The most notable of these are White Island and Mauao, nicknamed "The Mount" by locals.
Tauranga is roughly the antipode of Jaén, Spain.
Climate
Tauranga has an oceanic or maritime temperate climate. It can also be described as subtropical due to high summer humidity.[21]
During the summer months the population swells as holidaymakers descend on the city, especially along the popular white coastal surf beaches from Mount Maunganui to Papamoa.
| Climate data for Tauranga (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.0 (75.2) | 22.5 (72.5) | 19.9 (67.8) | 17.4 (63.3) | 15.1 (59.2) | 14.5 (58.1) | 15.0 (59.0) | 16.6 (61.9) | 18.1 (64.6) | 20.1 (68.2) | 22.3 (72.1) | 19.1 (66.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.6 (67.3) | 18.0 (64.4) | 15.5 (59.9) | 13.2 (55.8) | 10.8 (51.4) | 10.2 (50.4) | 10.7 (51.3) | 12.3 (54.1) | 13.9 (57.0) | 15.8 (60.4) | 18.0 (64.4) | 14.8 (58.6) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 14.8 (58.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 13.5 (56.3) | 11.0 (51.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 6.6 (43.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 6.4 (43.5) | 8.0 (46.4) | 9.7 (49.5) | 11.4 (52.5) | 13.6 (56.5) | 10.4 (50.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 76.0 (2.99) | 86.6 (3.41) | 92.7 (3.65) | 120.9 (4.76) | 105.7 (4.16) | 115.7 (4.56) | 127.4 (5.02) | 112.3 (4.42) | 87.6 (3.45) | 90.4 (3.56) | 75.3 (2.96) | 90.3 (3.56) | 1,180.9 (46.49) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6.4 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 10.3 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 110.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74.4 | 77.7 | 77.7 | 80.4 | 83.3 | 85.5 | 84.1 | 81.9 | 77.4 | 75.2 | 73.4 | 74.8 | 78.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 261.5 | 217.3 | 214.0 | 183.9 | 165.3 | 135.4 | 151.0 | 173.4 | 174.1 | 212.7 | 224.2 | 232.7 | 2,345.6 |
| Source: NIWA Climate Data[22] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
Largest groups of overseas-born residents[23][24] | |
| Country of birth | Population (2013) |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | 8,733 |
 Australia | 1,893 |
 India | 1,785 |
 South Africa | 1,497 |
 Netherlands | 663 |
 Philippines | 621 |
 South Korea | 555 |
 United States | 537 |
 China | 516 |
 Fiji | 372 |
Tauranga surpassed Dunedin in 2008 as the sixth largest city in New Zealand by urban area, and the ninth largest city by Territorial Authority area. It has now also surpassed the Napier-Hastings area to become the fifth largest city.
The city was growing at a rate of 1.5% in 2008. Tauranga is set to surpass Dunedin in Territorial Area by the next Census in 2018.
In 1976, Tauranga was a medium-sized urban area, with a population of around 48,000, smaller than Napier or Invercargill.
The completion of a harbour bridge in 1988 brought Tauranga and The Mount closer (they amalgamated in 1989) and promoted growth in both parts of the enlarged city.
In 1996 Tauranga's population was 82,092 and by 2006 it had reached 103,635.[25]
In 2006, 17.4% of the population was aged 65 or over, compared to 12.3% nationally. The city hosts five major head offices – Port of Tauranga, Zespri International, Ballance Agri-Nutrients Ltd, Trustpower and Craigs Investment Partners (formerly, ABN AMRO Craigs). Tauranga is home to a large number of migrants, especially from the UK, attracted to the area by its climate and quality of life.
Mount Maunganui Main Beach in winter, with 'Leisure Island' in the background.
Culture and identity
| Ethnicity | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| European | 91,458 | 83.5 |
| New Zealand European | 84,843 | 77.5 |
| British | 1,218 | 1.1 |
| English | 1,209 | 1.1 |
| Dutch | 834 | 0.8 |
| South African | 747 | 0.5 |
| European (not further defined) | 714 | 0.7 |
| Australian | 555 | 0.5 |
| Māori | 18,678 | 17.1 |
| Asian | 6,105 | 5.6 |
| Indian | 2,703 | 2.5 |
| Chinese | 1,077 | 1.0 |
| Filipino | 660 | 0.6 |
| Korean | 609 | 0.6 |
| Pacific peoples | 2,589 | 2.4 |
| Samoan | 834 | 0.8 |
| Cook Islands Maori | 672 | 0.6 |
| Tongan | 570 | 0.5 |
| Middle Eastern/Latin American/African | 744 | 0.7 |
| Other | 1,908 | 1.7 |
| New Zealander | 1,875 | 1.7 |
| Total people stated | 109,539 | 100.0 |
| Not elsewhere included | 5,178 | 4.6 |
Government and politics
Tauranga is located in the administrative area of the Tauranga City Council. The council consists of ten councillors and a mayor (currently Greg Brownless), elected in 2016. The council has three wards (constituencies):
- Te Papa / Welcome Bay
- Otumoetai / Pyes Pa
- Mount Manunganui / Papamoa
Council elections are held every three years and most recently in 2016.
Economy
Much of the countryside surrounding Tauranga is horticultural land, used to grow a wide range of fresh produce for both domestic consumption and export. There are many kiwifruit and avocados orchards as well as other crops.
The Port of Tauranga is New Zealand's largest export port, with brisk but seasonal shipping traffic. It is a regular stop for both container ships and luxury cruise liners.
Tauranga harbour.
Picturesque sunrise over the Tauranga harbour.
Tauranga's main shopping mall is Bayfair, in Mount Maunganui. Most of the city's shopping centres are located in the suburbs. They include Fraser Cove, Tauranga Crossing, Bethlehem Town Centre, Palm Beach Plaza, Fashion Island, Bayfair Shopping Centre, Bay Central and Greerton Village.
The following companies have their head office in Tauranga:
- Ballance Agri-Nutrients[27]
- Brother NZ
- C3 Limited[28]
- Craigs Investment Partners Ltd[29]
- Dominion Salt[30]
- Kiwi Bus Builders
- Port of Tauranga
- Shuzi New Zealand Limited[31]
- Trimax Mowing Systems
- TrustPower
- UNO. Magazine
- Zespri International
Arts and culture
Religion
A wide variety of faiths are practised, including Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Taoism and Judaism. There are many denominations of Christianity including Pentecostal, Methodist, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Baptist and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Music
The National Jazz Festival takes place in Tauranga every Easter.[32]
Events
New Year celebrations at the Mount in Mount Maunganui are one of Tauranga's main events, bringing people from all around the country.
In 2014 Tauranga City Council granted permission for an annual Sikh parade to celebrate Guru Gobind Singh's birthday. 2500 people took part in 2014, while in 2015, the number increased to 3500.[33]
Sports
McLaren Falls Park, on the outskirts of Tauranga
Tauranga has a large stadium complex in the Bayfair suburb, Baypark Stadium, rebuilt in 2001 after a similar complex closed in 1995. It hosts Speedway events during summer and rugby matches in winter.
Tauranga is also the home of football (soccer) club Tauranga City United who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2.
Tauranga is the home to two rowing clubs – Tauranga Rowing Club in Memorial Park and Bay of Plenty Coast Rowing Club at the picturesque Wairoa River. Both clubs have had successful NZ representation over the years.
Tauranga has an all weather outdoor athletics ground at Tauranga Domain.
City facilities and attractions
Greater Tauranga is a very popular lifestyle and tourism destination. It features many natural attractions and scenery ranging from popular beaches and harbour environments to lush bush-clad mountains with waterfalls and lakes.
View of Mount Beach, with Mauao in background
Cultural attractions include the Tauranga Art Gallery, which opened in October 2007 and showcases local, national and international exhibitions in a range of media. On the 17th Avenue, the "Historic Village on 17th",[34] recreates a historic setting with original and replica buildings from early Tauranga housing arts and gift shops.
Aviation interests are well served with the Classic Flyers Museum and the Gyrate Flying Club where you can experience flying a modern gyroplane; the "motorbike of the sky".[35]
A Panoramic view of Mount Maunganui from Moturiki Island at night with milkyway setting in the background
Tauranga has many parks: one of the largest is Memorial Park, and others include, Yatton Park, Kulim Park, Fergusson Park and the large Tauranga Domain. The Te Puna Quarry Park has become a regional attraction, known for being converted from a disused quarry into a community park.[36]
Due to the temperate climate, outdoor activities are very popular, including golf, tramping (hiking), mountain biking and white water rafting. The Bay of Plenty coastline has miles of golden sandy beaches, and watersports are very popular, including swimming, surfing, fishing, diving, kayaking and kitesurfing. Tourists also enjoy dolphin-watching on specially run boat trips.
The coastal suburb Papamoa and neighbouring town Mount Maunganui are some of the more affluent areas around Tauranga. The region's beaches attract swimmers, surfers, kayakers and kitesurfers throughout the year.
Tauranga has many outlying islands and reefs that make it a notable tourist destination point for travelling scuba divers and marine enthusiasts.[citation needed] Extensive marine life diversity is available to scuba divers all year round. Water temperatures range from 12 degrees Celsius in winter to 22–24 degrees Celsius in summer. Tauranga houses two professional dive instructor training centres, training NAUI, PADI and SSI dive leader systems.
Infrastructure
Hospitals
Tauranga Hospital is the main public health hospital in the city.
Grace Hospital is Tauranga's only private specialist surgical hospital.
Utilities
Powerco operates the local distribution network in the city,[37] with electricity supplied from Transpower's national grid at three substations: Tauranga (Greerton), Kaitemako and Mount Maunganui (Matapihi).
Natural gas arrived in Tauranga in 1982, following the completion of the high-pressure pipeline from the Maui pipeline near Te Awamutu to the city, now operated by First Gas.[38] First Gas also operates the gas distribution network within the city.
Transport
Tauranga City Council is currently responsible for approximately 530 km of roads, 700 km of footpaths, cycle ways and access ways.[39]
Tauranga City Council also has a bit of work under way with their Transportation and Roads strategy. Their aim for the future to change current travel behaviour from a focus on private cars to more sustainable modes such as buses, cycling and walking.
Air
Tauranga Airport is served by several airlines offering flights to Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch as well as some regional destinations within New Zealand. Sunair is based in Tauranga, operating a fleet of light aircraft. Sunair operates from Tauranga Airport to Gisborne, Claris, Whitanga, Motiti Island and North Shore. In addition Barrier Air operates from Tauranga to Claris with a Partenavia P68.
Rail
Tauranga railway bridge
Tauranga is located on the East Coast Main Trunk Railway.
Bus
Main transportation in the city is provided by the BayBus, with twelve routes servicing the city's population. Bay Hopper buses depart the central stops in Tauranga's CBD, Mount Maunganui and Greerton half-hourly, with the routes to Mount Maunganui, Papamoa, Greerton and Ohauiti experiencing an increase in frequency during peak hours.
The city is also a waypoint for bus travel between cities, with the Bay Hopper, and Intercity having a daily schedule.
Education
Tauranga is home to the Bay of Plenty Tertiary Education Partnership, made up of:
Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi- The University of Waikato
Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi[40]
The organisations currently share two main campuses, but are planning a new central campus. Stage 1 is expected to be open in 2017, catering for 500 but with capacity for 700, which will cost $67.3 Million.[41][42]
Tauranga's secondary schools are:
Tauranga Boys' College, with about 1850 boys.
Tauranga Girls' College, with over 1500 girls.
Otumoetai College, with around 1900 students.
Bethlehem College, a state integrated Christian school offering kindergarten and Year 1–13, with around 1500 students.
Aquinas College a state integrated coeducational Catholic school founded in 2003 for Years 7–13, with around 800 students.
Mount Maunganui College, a co-educational secondary school, with over 1500 students.
Papamoa College, co-educational secondary school opened in 2011 for years 7 – 13.- Te Wharekura o Mauao,[43] a co-educational wharekura-ā-iwi total immersion Māori secondary school for Years 7–13, founded in 2010, with around 200 students.
- Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Te Kura Kōkiri, a co-educational kura kaupapa Māori total immersion school for Years 1–13, founded in 2000, with around 140 students.
ACG Tauranga, the city's first fully private school,[44][45] offers pre-school to Year 12.[46]
There is also a Rudolf Steiner School in Welcome Bay, catering for birth to 12-year olds.
Notable residents
Corey Anderson – international cricketer
Trent Boult – international cricketer
Peter Burling – America's Cup helmsman and Olympic medallist
Sam Cane – international rugby player
Bob Clarkson – former Member of Parliament and successful property developer and landlord
Lynley Dodd - award-winning author and illustrator, principally known for her children's picture books featuring Hairy Maclary and his friends.
Mahé Drysdale – Olympic rower
Tim Balme – actor, director
John Bracewell – international cricketer
Simon Bridges – politician
Moss Burmester – Olympic swimmer
Tony Christiansen – former Paralympics, FESPIC Games & World Games multi-medalist, Professional Speaker & Tauranga City Councillor- Dame Susan Devoy – former World Squash Champion
Daniel Flynn – international cricketer
Hilda Hewlett – pioneer aviator
Gunnar Jackson – professional middleweight boxer
Jess Johnson – artist
Tanerau Latimer – former international rugby player
Tony Lochhead – footballer
Richard O'Brien – author of The Rocky Horror Show (spent his formative years here)
Phil Rudd – drummer for AC/DC
Andrew Stevenson – Olympic rower, Double World Champion Rower, NZ 1982 Sportsman of the Year- Sir Gordon Tietjens – Coach of the New Zealand national rugby sevens team
Kane Williamson – international cricketer
Past residents
Kathleen Hawkins – known as the "Pioneer Poet"
Les Munro – Dambusters veteran
Winston Peters – former MP for Tauranga, leader of NZ First, politician
Stan Walker – R&B singer, Former Australian Idol contestant and winner[47]
Sister cities
Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan[48]
Yantai, Shandong, China
Maryborough, Queensland, Australia- Susaki, Kōchi, Japan[49]
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^ https://web.archive.org/web/20140325165929/http://tauranga.govt.nz/council-services/transportation-roads/roads-road-works.aspx. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014. Missing or empty|title=(help)
^ "Tertiary providers renew commitment to Bay's Education Partnership". The University of Waikato. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ "Tauranga to have CBD uni campus – The Bay's News First". SunLive. 26 January 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ "Opinion: CBD transformation a major boost for Tauranga". Bay of Plenty Times. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ Diamond, Amy (10 April 2018). "School of the Week: Te Wharekura o Mauao has continued to grow since it opened". Bay of Plenty Times. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ ACG Tauranga Term Dates, retrieved 1 May 2014
^ Press Release: Academic Colleges Group (15 August 2013), "NZ independent school group, ACG, looks to open in Tauranga", Scoop Education, retrieved 1 May 2014
^ Hunter, Zoe (12 December 2018). "School of the Week: ACG Tauranga". Bay of Plenty Times. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ "Kiwi leads Idol show by a neck". The Dominion Post. 10 September 2009. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
^ "Tauranga City Council > Building & Planning > Building > Building WOF > Independently Qualified Persons (IQP)". Tauranga.govt.nz. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
^ "Sister Cities - Overview (IQP)". www.nz.emb-japan.go.jp. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tauranga. |
 | Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tauranga. |
- Tauranga City Council
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