List of World Heritage in Danger
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP 
Countries with World Heritage Sites in danger. Number of sites indicated by colour:
Six or more sites
Five sites
Four sites
Three sites
Two sites
One site
The Church of the Nativity, traditionally considered the birthplace of Jesus, is one of several sites to have been designated as World Heritage Sites and World Heritage in Danger in the same year.
The List of World Heritage in Danger is compiled by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) through the World Heritage Committee according to Article 11.4 of the World Heritage Convention,[nb 1] which was established in 1972 to designate and manage World Heritage Sites. Entries in the list are threatened World Heritage Sites for the conservation of which major operations are required and for which "assistance has been requested".[1] The list is intended to increase international awareness of the threats and to encourage counteractive measures.[2] Threats to a site can be either proven imminent threats or potential dangers that could have adverse effects on a site.
In the case of natural sites, ascertained dangers include the serious decline in the population of an endangered or other valuable species or the deterioration of natural beauty or scientific value of a property caused by human activities such as logging, pollution, settlement, mining, agriculture and major public works. Ascertained dangers for cultural properties include serious deterioration of materials, structure, ornaments or architectural coherence and the loss of historical authenticity or cultural significance. Potential dangers for both cultural and natural sites include development projects, armed conflicts, insufficient management systems or changes in the legal protective status of the properties. In the case of cultural sites, gradual changes due to geology, climate or environment can also be potential dangers.[3]
Before a property is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, its condition is assessed and a potential programme for corrective measures is developed in cooperation with the State Party involved. The final decision about inscription is made by the committee. Financial support from the World Heritage Fund may be allocated by the committee for listed properties. The state of conservation is reviewed on a yearly basis, after which the committee may request additional measures, delete the property from the list if the threats have ceased or consider deletion from both the List of World Heritage in Danger and the World Heritage List.[3] Of the two Former UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Dresden Elbe Valley was delisted after placement on the List of World Heritage in Danger while the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was directly delisted.[4][5] As of 2017, there are 54 entries (17 natural, 37 cultural) on the List of World Heritage in Danger.[6] Some sites have been designated as World Heritage Sites and World Heritage in Danger in the same year, such as the Church of the Nativity, traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Jesus. Arranged by the UNESCO regions 22 of the listed sites are located in the Arab States (of which 7 are located in Syria and 5 in Libya), 15 in Africa (of which 5 are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo), 7 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 6 in Asia and the Pacific, and 4 in Europe and North America (all by 2017). The majority of the endangered natural sites (11) are located in Africa.[7]
In some cases, danger listing has sparked conservation efforts and prompted the release of funds, resulting in a positive development for sites such as the Galápagos Islands and Yellowstone National Park, both of which have subsequently been removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Despite this, the list itself and UNESCO's implementation of it have been the focus of criticism.[8][9] In particular, States Parties and other stakeholders of World Heritage Sites have questioned the authority of the Committee to declare a site in danger without their consent.[10] Until 1992, when UNESCO set a precedent by placing several sites on the danger list against their wishes, States Parties would have submitted a programme of corrective measures before a site could be listed.[11] Instead of being used as intended, the List of World Heritage in Danger is perceived by some states as a black list and according to Christina Cameron, Professor at the School of Architecture, Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage, University of Montreal, has been used as political tool to get the attention of States Parties.[12][13] The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) notes that UNESCO has referenced the List of World Heritage in Danger (without actually listing the site) in a number of cases where the threat could be easily addressed by the State Party.[14] The Union also argues that keeping a site listed as endangered over a long period is questionable and that other mechanisms for conservation should be sought in these cases.[15]
Contents
1 Currently listed sites
2 Previously listed sites
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Currently listed sites
- Table legend
Name: as listed by the World Heritage Committee[16]
Location: at city or provincial level and country name, with coordinates; column sorts by state[nb 2]
Criteria: the site was listed under
Area: in hectares and acres if provided by UNESCO
Year (WHS): the year the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List
Endangered: the year the site appeared on the List of World Heritage in Danger
Reason: threats to the site which prompted UNESCO to list it as in danger
* Trans-border site
| Name | Image | Location | Criteria | Area ha (acre) | Year (WHS) | Endangered | Reason | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abu Mena |  | EgyAbusir,  Egypt30°50′30″N 29°39′50″E / 30.84167°N 29.66389°E / 30.84167; 29.66389 (Abu Mena) | Cultural: (iv) | 7006182000000000000♠182 (450) | 1979 | 2001– | Cave-ins in the area caused by the clay at the surface, which becomes semi-liquid when met with "excess water" | [17][18] [19] |
Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves |  | Niger1Arlit Department,  Niger18°17′N 8°0′E / 18.283°N 8.000°E / 18.283; 8.000 (Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves) | Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | 7010773600000000000♠7,736,000 (19,120,000) | 1991 | 1992– | Military conflict and civil disturbance in the region as well as a reduction of wildlife population and degradation of the vegetation cover | [20][21] |
Ancient City of Aleppo |  | Aleppo Governorate,  Syria36°14′N 37°10′E / 36.233°N 37.167°E / 36.233; 37.167 (Ancient City of Aleppo) | Cultural: (iii)(iv) | 7006350000000000000♠350 (860) | 1986 | 2013– | Syrian Civil War, currently held by the government. Bombings continue threatening the site. | [22] |
Ancient City of Bosra |  | Daraa Governorate, Syria32°31′5″N 36°28′54″E / 32.51806°N 36.48167°E / 32.51806; 36.48167 (Ancient City of Bosra) | Cultural: (i)(iii)(vi) | — | 1980 | 2013– | Syrian Civil War, held by the government. | [23] |
Ancient City of Damascus |  | Damascus Governorate, Syria33°30′41″N 36°18′23″E / 33.51139°N 36.30639°E / 33.51139; 36.30639 (Ancient City of Damascus) | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi) | 7005860000000000000♠86 (210) | 1979 | 2013– | Syrian Civil War, rebel gunfire and mortar shelling, mainly from adjacent Jobar suburb endangers foundations. | [24] |
Ancient Villages of Northern Syria |  | Syria 36°20′3″N 36°50′39″E / 36.33417°N 36.84417°E / 36.33417; 36.84417 (Ancient Villages of Northern Syria) | Cultural: (iii)(iv)(v) | 7008122900000000000♠12,290 (30,400) | 2011 | 2013– | Syrian Civil War, some held by rebels. Reports of looting and demolitions by Islamist groups. | [25] |
Archaeological Site of Cyrene |  | LibJebel Akhdar,  Libya32°49′30″N 21°51′30″E / 32.82500°N 21.85833°E / 32.82500; 21.85833 (Archaeological Site of Cyrene) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi) | — | 1982 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [26][27] |
Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna |  | LibKhoms, Libya32°38′18″N 14°17′35″E / 32.63833°N 14.29306°E / 32.63833; 14.29306 (Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna) | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii) | — | 1982 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [27][28] |
Archaeological Site of Sabratha |  | LibSabratha, Libya32°48′19″N 12°29′6″E / 32.80528°N 12.48500°E / 32.80528; 12.48500 (Archaeological Site of Sabratha) | Cultural: (iii) | — | 1982 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [27][29] |
Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) |  | IraqSalah ad Din,  Iraq35°27′24″N 43°15′45″E / 35.45667°N 43.26250°E / 35.45667; 43.26250 (Ashur) | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | 7005700000000000000♠70 (170) | 2003 | 2003– | A planned reservoir that would have partially flooded the site was suspended in the wake of the Iraq War by the new administration; lack of adequate protection. | [30][31] |
Chan Chan Archaeological Zone |  | PerLa Libertad,  Peru8°6′40″S 79°4′30″W / 8.11111°S 79.07500°W / -8.11111; -79.07500 (Chan Chan Archaeological Zone) | Cultural: (i), (iii) | 7006600000000000000♠600 (1,500) | 1986 | 1986– | Natural erosion | [32][33] |
Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem |  | Pal Bethlehem,  Palestine31°42′16″N 35°12′27″E / 31.70444°N 35.20750°E / 31.70444; 35.20750 (Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem) | Cultural: (iv), (vi) | 7004298000000000000♠2.98 (7.4) | 2012 | 2012– | Damage due to water leaks; however current restoration work is taking place to save the site. | [34][35] |
City of Potosí |  | Potosí,  Bolivia19°35′1″S 65°45′11″W / 19.58361°S 65.75306°W / -19.58361; -65.75306 | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi) | 1987 | 2014– | Continued mining has left the mountain porous and unstable, causing portions of the summit to collapse, also the target of future mining by the Bolivian Mining Corp. Recommendations to preserve the site have not been followed through. | [36] | |
Coro and its Port |  | VenFalcón,  Venezuela11°25′N 69°40′W / 11.417°N 69.667°W / 11.417; -69.667 (Coro and its Port) | Cultural: (iv), (v) | 7006107000000000000♠107 (260) | 1993 | 2005– | Damage to a great number of structures due to heavy rain between November 2004 and February 2005 as well as the construction of a new monument, a beach walkway and an entrance gate to the city in the buffer zone which could have considerable impact on the value of the site | [37][38] |
Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din |  | Homs and Latakia Governorates, Syria34°46′54″N 36°15′47″E / 34.78167°N 36.26306°E / 34.78167; 36.26306 (Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din) | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | 7004900000000000000♠9 (22) | 2006 | 2013– | Syrian Civil War, once held by Al-Nusra Front and other Islamist groups, reclaimed by Syrian Arab Army and Hezbollah fighters. Reports of damages and looting caused by Islamist groups was released by the government. | [39] |
Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley |  | AfgBamyan,  Afghanistan34°49′55″N 67°49′36″E / 34.83194°N 67.82667°E / 34.83194; 67.82667 (Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley) | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) | 7006159000000000000♠159 (390) | 2003 | 2003– | Fragile conservation state due to abandonment, military action and dynamite explosions; causing dangers such as risk of collapse of Buddha niches, further deterioration of cave murals, looting and illicit excavations. Destruction during the rule of Taliban due to their teachings that the statues are abominations to Islam. | [40][41] |
East Rennell |  | Solomon IslandRennell and Bellona Province,  Solomon Islands11°40′59″S 160°10′59″E / 11.68306°S 160.18306°E / -11.68306; 160.18306 (East Rennell) | Natural: (ix) | 7008370000000000000♠37,000 (91,000) | 1998 | 2013– | Damage to the site due to logging and its effect on the local ecoystem | [42] |
Everglades National Park |  | United StatesFlorida,  United States25°19′N 80°56′W / 25.317°N 80.933°W / 25.317; -80.933 (Everglades National Park) | Natural: (viii), (ix), (x) | 7009592920000000000♠592,920 (1,465,100) | 1979 | 1993–2007, 2010– | Damage due to Hurricane Andrew and deterioration of water flow and quality due to agricultural and urban development (1993); continued degradation of the site resulting in a loss of marine habitat and decline in marine species (2010) | [43][44] [45] |
Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo |  | PanColón Province,  Panama9°33′14″N 79°39′21″W / 9.55389°N 79.65583°W / 9.55389; -79.65583 (Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo) | Cultural: (i), (iv) | — | 1980 | 2012– | Environmental factors, lack of maintenance and urban development | [46][47] |
Garamba National Park |  | DemOrientale,  Democratic Republic of the Congo4°0′N 29°15′E / 4.000°N 29.250°E / 4.000; 29.250 (Garamba National Park) | Natural: (vii), (x) | 7009500000000000000♠500,000 (1,200,000) | 1980 | 1984–1992, 1996– | Reduction of Northern White Rhinoceros population (1984); poaching of two white rhinos, killing of three rangers and no plan for corrective measures by the authorities (1996) | [48][49] [50] |
Hatra |  | IrqNineveh Governorate, Iraq35°35′17″N 42°43′6″E / 35.58806°N 42.71833°E / 35.58806; 42.71833 (Hatra) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) | 7006324000000000000♠324 (800) | 1985 | 2015– | Damage inflicted to the property by armed groups | [51] |
Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town |  | PalHebron Governorate, Palestine31°31′27″N 35°6′32″E / 31.52417°N 35.10889°E / 31.52417; 35.10889 (Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town) | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi) | 7005206000000000000♠20.6 (51) | 2017 | 2017– | [52] | |
Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz |  | UzbQashqadaryo Region,  Uzbekistan39°3′0″N 66°50′0″E / 39.05000°N 66.83333°E / 39.05000; 66.83333 (Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz) | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | 7006240000000000000♠240 (590) | 2000 | 2016– | Destruction of buildings in its medieval neighbourhoods and continuing urban development. | [53][54] |
Historic Centre of Vienna |  | Aut Vienna,  Austria48°12′N 16°22′E / 48.200°N 16.367°E / 48.200; 16.367 (Vienna) | Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi) | 7006371000000000000♠371 (920) | 2001 | 2017– | New high-rise projects | [55] |
Historic Town of Zabīd |  | YemAl Hudaydah,  Yemen14°12′N 43°19′E / 14.200°N 43.317°E / 14.200; 43.317 (Historic Town of Zabīd) | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi) | — | 1993 | 2000– | Deteriorating state of historic buildings, inscribed on request of the State Party | [56][57] |
Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works |  | ChilTarapacá,  Chile20°12′30″S 69°47′40″W / 20.20833°S 69.79444°W / -20.20833; -69.79444 (Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | — | 2005 | 2005– | Fragile nature of structures due to lack of maintenance for 40 years; also damage, vandalism and some dismantling; looting | [58][59] |
Kahuzi-Biega National Park |  | DemSouth Kivu and Maniema, Democratic Republic of the Congo2°30′S 28°45′E / 2.500°S 28.750°E / -2.500; 28.750 (Kahuzi-Biega National Park) | Natural: (x) | 7009600000000000000♠600,000 (1,500,000) | 1980 | 1997– | Deforestation, hunting as well as war and civil strife | [60][61] |
Lake Turkana National Parks |  | Ken  Kenya3°3′8″N 36°30′13″E / 3.05222°N 36.50361°E / 3.05222; 36.50361 (Lake Turkana National Parks) | Natural: (viii)(x) | 7009161485000000000♠161,485 (399,040) | 1997 | 2018– | Impact of Ethiopia's Gilgel Gibe III Dam on the lake's flow and ecosystem | [62][63] |
Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City |  | United KingdomLiverpool England,  United Kingdom53°24′24″N 2°50′40″W / 53.40667°N 2.84444°W / 53.40667; -2.84444 (Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | 7006136000000000000♠136 (340) | 2004 | 2012– | Due to the proposed redevelopment of historic docklands known as Liverpool Waters | [64][65] |
Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park |  | CenBamingui-Bangoran,  Central African Republic9°0′N 21°30′E / 9.000°N 21.500°E / 9.000; 21.500 (Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park) | Natural: (ix), (x) | 7010174000000000000♠1,740,000 (4,300,000) | 1988 | 1997– | Illegal grazing and poaching, deteriorating security situation | [66][67] |
Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam |  | AfgGhōr, Afghanistan34°23′48″N 64°30′58″E / 34.39667°N 64.51611°E / 34.39667; 64.51611 (Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | 7005700000000000000♠70 (170) | 2002 | 2002– | Lack of legal protection, lack of protection measure or management plan, poor condition of the site | [68][69] |
Medieval Monuments in Kosovo |  | Kosovo[a] 42°39′40″N 20°15′56″E / 42.66111°N 20.26556°E / 42.66111; 20.26556 (Medieval Monuments in Kosovo) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | 7004288000000000000♠2.88 (7.1) | 2004 | 2006– | Lack of legal protection and management; political instability and security | [70][71] |
Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve |  | CotLola Prefecture,  Côte d'Ivoire* Guinea*7°36′N 8°23′W / 7.600°N 8.383°W / 7.600; -8.383 (Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve) | Natural: (ix), (x) | 7008180000000000000♠18,000 (44,000) | 1981 | 1992– | Iron ore mining concession on part of the World Heritage Site and influx of large number of refugees on the Guinean part of the site | [72][73] |
Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia |  | MicronesiaTemwen Island,  Micronesia6°50′23″N 158°19′51″E / 6.83972°N 158.33083°E / 6.83972; 158.33083 (Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia) | Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv), (vi) | 7005767000000000000♠76.7 (190) | 2016 | 2016– | Continuing siltation of waterways contributing to overgrowth and undermining existing structures. | [74][75] |
Niokolo-Koba National Park |  | SenTambacounda Region and Kédougou Region,  Senegal13°0′N 12°40′W / 13.000°N 12.667°W / 13.000; -12.667 (Niokolo-Koba National Park) | Natural: (x) | 7009913000000000000♠913,000 (2,260,000) | 1981 | 2007– | Degradation of property, low mammal population, management problems and impact of a proposed dam on the Gambia River | [76][77] |
Okapi Wildlife Reserve |  | Dem Orientale, Democratic Republic of the Congo2°0′N 28°30′E / 2.000°N 28.500°E / 2.000; 28.500 (Okapi Wildlife Reserve) | Natural: (x) | 7010137262500000000♠1,372,625 (3,391,830) | 1996 | 1997– | Looting of park facilities and killing of elephants as a result of an armed conflict in the area | [78][79] |
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls |  | JerJerusalem District (no nation named by UNESCO)[nb 3] 31°46′36″N 35°14′3″E / 31.77667°N 35.23417°E / 31.77667; 35.23417 (Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi) | — | 1981 | 1982– | Uncontrolled urban development, general deterioration of the state of conservation due to tourism and lack of maintenance. | [80][81][82] |
Old City of Sana'a |  | YemSana'a Governorate, Yemen15°21′20″N 44°12′29″E / 15.35556°N 44.20806°E / 15.35556; 44.20806 (Sana'a) | Cultural: (iv), (v), (vi) | — | 1986 | 2015– | Yemeni Civil War | [83] |
Old Town of Ghadamès |  | LibGhadames, Libya30°08′00″N 9°30′00″E / 30.13333°N 9.50000°E / 30.13333; 9.50000 (Old Town of Ghadamès) | Cultural: (v) | — | 1986 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [27][84] |
Old Towns of Djenné |  | MalDjenné,  Mali13°54′23″N 4°33′18″W / 13.90639°N 4.55500°W / 13.90639; -4.55500 (Old Towns of Djenné) | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | — | 1988 | 2016– | Regional insecurity, deteriorating state of the historic town, urbanization and erosion. | [85][86] |
Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines – Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, Battir |  | Pal Battir, Palestine31°43′11″N 35°7′50″E / 31.71972°N 35.13056°E / 31.71972; 35.13056 (Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines – Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, Battir) | Cultural: (iv)(v) | 7006349000000000000♠349 (860) | 2014 | 2014– | The Israeli West Bank barrier "may isolate farmers from fields they have cultivated for centuries". | [87][88] |
Old Walled City of Shibam |  | YemHadhramaut Governorate, Yemen15°55′37″N 48°37′36″E / 15.92694°N 48.62667°E / 15.92694; 48.62667 (Shibam) | Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v) | — | 1982 | 2015– | Potential threat from the armed conflict, compounding safeguarding and management problems already observed at the site | [83] |
Rainforests of the Atsinanana |  | MadEastern Madagascar,  Madagascar14°28′S 49°42′E / 14.467°S 49.700°E / -14.467; 49.700 (Rainforests of the Atsinanana) | Natural: (ix), (x) | 7009479660000000000♠479,660 (1,185,300) | 2007 | 2010– | Illegal logging and hunting of endangered lemurs | [89][90] |
Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve |  | HonLa Mosquitia,  Honduras15°44′40″N 84°40′30″W / 15.74444°N 84.67500°W / 15.74444; -84.67500 (Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve) | Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | — | 1982 | 1996–2007, 2011– | Logging, fishing and land occupation; poaching and the reduced capacity of the state to manage the site; largely due to the deterioration of law and to the presence of drug traffickers | [91][92] |
Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus |  | LibFezzan, Libya24°50′N 10°20′E / 24.833°N 10.333°E / 24.833; 10.333 (Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus) | Cultural: (iii) | — | 1985 | 2016– | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | [27][93] |
Salonga National Park |  | DemÉquateur and Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo2°S 21°E / 2°S 21°E / -2; 21 (Salonga National Park) | Natural: (vii), (ix) | 7010360000000000000♠3,600,000 (8,900,000) | 1984 | 1999– | Breakdown of civil order | [94][95] [96] |
Samarra Archaeological City |  | IraqSalah ad Din, Iraq34°12′N 43°52′E / 34.200°N 43.867°E / 34.200; 43.867 (Samarra Archaeological City) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | 7008150580000000000♠15,058 (37,210) | 2007 | 2007– | Security situation following the Iraq War and lack of state control for protection or management of the site | [97][98] |
Selous Game Reserve |  | Coast, Morogoro, Lindi, Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions,
9°0′0″S 37°24′0″E / 9.00000°S 37.40000°E / -9.00000; 37.40000 | Natural: (ix), (x) | 5,120,000 | 1982 | 2014– | Exploration and extraction of minerals, large infrastructure projects | [99] |
Site of Palmyra |  | Homs Governorate, Syria34°33′15″N 38°16′0″E / 34.55417°N 38.26667°E / 34.55417; 38.26667 (Site of Palmyra) | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) | 7003360000000000000♠0.36 (0.89) | 1980 | 2013– | Syrian Civil War, captured by the notoriously iconoclastic Islamic State terrorist organization (ISIS). | [100] |
Timbuktu |  | MalTimbuktu, Timbuktu Region, Mali16°46′24″N 2°59′58″W / 16.77333°N 2.99944°W / 16.77333; -2.99944 (Timbuktu) | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (v) | — | 1988 | 2012– | Threat of destruction by the Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb, Ansar Dine and Boko Haram. Some monuments are now pillaged and destroyed. | [101][102] |
Tomb of Askia |  | MalGao, Gao Region, Mali16°17′23″N 0°02′40″W / 16.28972°N 0.04444°W / 16.28972; -0.04444 (Tomb of Askia) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | 7004424000000000000♠4.24 (10.5) | 2004 | 2012– | Damaged by Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb and Ansar Dine. Reported destroyed by Ansar Dine when they captured Timbuktu. | [102][103] |
Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi |  | UgandaKampala District,  Uganda0°19′45″N 32°33′12″E / 0.32917°N 32.55333°E / 0.32917; 32.55333 (Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi) | Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv), (vi) | 7005270000000000000♠27 (67) | 2001 | 2010– | Destruction of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga, the main building of the site, by fire in March 2010 | [104][105] |
Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra |  | IndonesiaSumatra,  Indonesia02°30′S 101°30′E / 2.500°S 101.500°E / -2.500; 101.500 (Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra) | Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | 7010259512400000000♠2,595,124 (6,412,690) | 2004 | 2011– | Poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through the site | [106][107] |
Virunga National Park |  | DemNorth Kivu and Orientale, Democratic Republic of the Congo0°55′N 29°10′E / 0.917°N 29.167°E / 0.917; 29.167 (Virunga National Park) | Natural: (vii), (viii), (x) | 7009800000000000000♠800,000 (2,000,000) | 1979 | 1994– | Deforestation and poaching as a result of the influx of refugees due to the Rwandan Civil War | [108][109] |
Previously listed sites
There are a number of sites that were previously listed as being in danger, but they were later removed from the list after improvements in management and conservation. The Everglades National Park was listed from 1993 to 2007 and again since 2010; the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve was listed from 1996 to 2007 and again since 2011. Both are therefore included in the list of currently listed sites (above).
Delisted as a World Heritage Site
| Name | Image | Location | Criteria | Area ha (acre) | Year (WHS) | Endangered | Reason | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angkor |  | Siem Reap Province,  Cambodia13°26′N 103°50′E / 13.433°N 103.833°E / 13.433; 103.833 (Angkor) | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) | — | 1992 | 1992–2004 | Inscription initially limited to a three-year period (1993–1995) during which effective legal protection, boundary and buffer zones were to be established and international conservation efforts were to be monitored and coordinated; at the time of inscription, Cambodia was UN-controlled following the civil war in the 1980s. | [110][111] [112] |
Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery |  | GeorImereti,  Georgia42°15′44″N 42°42′59″E / 42.26222°N 42.71639°E / 42.26222; 42.71639 (Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery) | Cultural: (iv) | 7004787000000000000♠7.87 (19.4) | 1994 | 2010–2017 | Major reconstruction project that will lead to irreversible interventions. The boundaries of the site was modified in 2017.[nb 4] | [113][114][115] |
Bahla Fort |  | Bahla,  Oman22°58′N 57°18′E / 22.967°N 57.300°E / 22.967; 57.300 (Bahla Fort) | Cultural: (iv) | — | 1987 | 1988–2004 | Degradation of earth structures of the fort and of the oasis of Bahla | [116][117] [118][119] |
Bam and its Cultural Landscape |  | IranKerman,  Iran29°07′01″N 58°22′07″E / 29.11694°N 58.36861°E / 29.11694; 58.36861 (Bam and its Cultural Landscape) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) | — | 2004 | 2004–2013 | Following the damage due to the 2003 Bam earthquake | [120][121][122] |
Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System |  | BelBelize, Stann Creek and Toledo  Belize17°19′N 87°32′W / 17.317°N 87.533°W / 17.317; -87.533 (Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System) | Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | 7008963000000000000♠96,300 (238,000) | 1996 | 2009–2018 | Mangrove cutting and excessive development | [123][124][125] |
Butrint |  | Sarandë District,  Albania39°45′N 20°1′E / 39.750°N 20.017°E / 39.750; 20.017 (Butrint) | Cultural: (iii) | 7007398000000000000♠3,980 (9,800) | 1992 | 1997–2005 | Damages due to management and conservation | [126][127] [128] |
Cologne Cathedral |  | North Rhine-Westphalia,  Germany50°56′29″N 6°57′29″E / 50.94139°N 6.95806°E / 50.94139; 6.95806 (Cologne Cathedral) | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv) | — | 1996 | 2004–2006 | High-rise building plan near the cathedral threatening to inflict damage to the integrity of the property; delisted[nb 4] after the building plan was halted and a buffer zone introduced | [129][130] [131] |
Comoé National Park |  | CotZanzan, Côte d'Ivoire9°10′N 3°40′W / 9.167°N 3.667°W / 9.167; -3.667 (Comoé National Park) | Natural: (ix), (x) | 7010115000000000000♠1,150,000 (2,800,000) | 1983 | 2003–2017 | Civil unrest, poaching and lack of effective management mechanisms | [132][133] |
Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary |  | Biffeche, Senegal16°30′N 16°10′W / 16.500°N 16.167°W / 16.500; -16.167 (Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary) | Natural: (vii), (x) | 7008160000000000000♠16,000 (40,000) | 1981 | 1984–1988, 2000–2006 | Long term threat by construction plan for a down-stream dam (1984); delisted[nb 4] (1988) as water supply to the park was insured by the construction of a sluice and a management plan was being prepared; relisted[nb 5] (2000) due to environmental and economical threats posed by the introduced species Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes as well as issues with water management in the park | [49][134] [135][136] [137][138] |
Dresden Elbe Valley |  | Saxony, Germany51°3′N 13°49′E / 51.050°N 13.817°E / 51.050; 13.817 (Dresden Elbe Valley) | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) | 7007193000000000000♠1,930 (4,800) | 2004 | 2006–2009 | Construction plans for the Waldschlösschen Bridge in the core area of the cultural landscape; removed from the list of World Heritage Sites in 2009 after construction commenced at the end of 2007 | [139][140] |
Dubrovnik |  | Dubrovnik-Neretva County,  Croatia42°38′25″N 18°06′30″E / 42.64028°N 18.10833°E / 42.64028; 18.10833 (Dubrovnik) | Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv) | 7005970000000000000♠97 (240) | 1979 | 1991–1998 | Croatian War of Independence | [141][142] [143] |
Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore |  | PakPunjab,  Pakistan31°35′25″N 74°18′35″E / 31.59028°N 74.30972°E / 31.59028; 74.30972 (Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore) | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii) | — | 1981 | 2000–2012 | Destruction of historic water tanks in 1999 to widen a road and deteriorating perimeter walls of the Garden, listed on request of the Pakistan government | [144][145] |
Galápagos Islands |  | Galápagos Province,  Ecuador0°40′S 90°30′W / 0.667°S 90.500°W / -0.667; -90.500 (Galápagos Islands) | Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | 7011140665140000000♠14,066,514 (34,759,110) | 1978 | 2007–2010 | Various threats including insufficient prevention of possibilities for the introduction of alien species, insufficient resource allocation for conservation agencies and park management, presence of a large number of illegal immigrants, rapid uncontrolled growth of tourism, fishing over-capacity and sports fishing | [146][147] [148][149] |
Group of Monuments at Hampi |  | Bellary district,  India15°20′6″N 76°27′43″E / 15.33500°N 76.46194°E / 15.33500; 76.46194 (Group of Monuments at Hampi) | Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv) | — | 1986 | 1999–2006 | Partial construction of two cable-suspended bridges within the protected archaeological areas of Hampi threatening the integrity and authenticity of the site | [150][151] [152] |
Historical Monuments of Mtskheta |  | GeorMtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia41°50′32″N 44°43′16″E / 41.84222°N 44.72111°E / 41.84222; 44.72111 (Historical Monuments of Mtskheta) | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | — | 1994 | 2009–2016 | Deterioration of stonework and frescoes, mismanagement and urban development | [153][154] |
Ichkeul National Park |  | Bizerta,  Tunisia37°10′N 9°40′E / 37.167°N 9.667°E / 37.167; 9.667 (Ichkeul National Park) | Natural: (x) | 7008126000000000000♠12,600 (31,000) | 1980 | 1996–2006 | Construction of dams limiting the freshwater flow to the area and causing an increased salinity of the lake and the marshes as well as a decrease in the number of migrating bird populations | [155][156] [157] |
Iguaçu National Park |  | Paraná State,  Brazil25°41′S 54°26′W / 25.683°S 54.433°W / -25.683; -54.433 (Iguaçu National Park) | Natural: (vii), (x) | 7009170086000000000♠170,086 (420,290) | 1986 | 1999–2001 | Illegally opened road ("Estrada do Colono", Portuguese for "Settler's Road") through the park, dams on the Iguazu River and helicopter flights. | [96][158] [159] |
Kathmandu Valley |  | Kathmandu Valley,  Nepal27°42′14″N 85°18′31″E / 27.70389°N 85.30861°E / 27.70389; 85.30861 (Kathmandu Valley) | Cultural: (iii), (iv), (vi) | 7006167000000000000♠167 (410) | 1979 | 2003–2007 | Partial or substantial loss of the traditional elements of six out of seven monument zones and resulting general loss of authenticity and integrity of the whole property. | [160][161] [162] |
Los Katíos National Park |  | Antioquia and Chocó,  Colombia7°40′0″N 77°0′0″W / 7.66667°N 77.00000°W / 7.66667; -77.00000 (Los Katíos National Park) | Natural: (ix), (x) | 7008720000000000000♠72,000 (180,000) | 1994 | 2009–2015 | Deforestation, illegal fishing and hunting. Removed following significant improvements to Park management | [163] |
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary |  | Assam, India26°30′N 91°51′E / 26.500°N 91.850°E / 26.500; 91.850 (Manas Wildlife Sanctuary) | Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | 7008391000000000000♠39,100 (97,000) | 1985 | 1992–2011 | Poaching, damage to the park's infrastructure and decrease in the population of some species particularly the Greater One Horned Rhino following an invasion by militants of the Bodo tribe in 1992 | [164][165] [166] |
Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor |  | Bay of Kotor, Kotor and surrounding territory,  Montenegro42°29′N 18°42′E / 42.483°N 18.700°E / 42.483; 18.700 (Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor) | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) | — | 1979 | 1979–2003 | Damage following the earthquake from 15 April 1979 | [167][168] [169] |
Ngorongoro Conservation Area |  | Arusha Region,  Tanzania3°11′S 35°32′E / 3.183°S 35.533°E / -3.183; 35.533 (Ngorongoro Conservation Area) | Natural: (iv), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | — | 1978 | 1984–1989 | Declining conservation status | [170][171] [172] |
Plitvice Lakes National Park |  | Lika-Senj County, Croatia44°53′N 15°37′E / 44.883°N 15.617°E / 44.883; 15.617 (Plitvice Lakes National Park) | Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix) | 7008192000000000000♠19,200 (47,000) | 1979 | 1992–1997 | Potential threat due to the Croatian War of Independence | [173][174] [175] |
Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras |  | PhiIfugao,  Philippines16°55′N 121°3′E / 16.917°N 121.050°E / 16.917; 121.050 (Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras) | Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v) | 7009500000000000000♠500,000 (1,200,000) | 1995 | 2001–2012 | Absence of systematic monitoring programme or a comprehensive management plan | [176][177] |
Royal Palaces of Abomey |  | Zou Department,  Benin7°11′26″N 1°59′36″E / 7.19056°N 1.99333°E / 7.19056; 1.99333 (Royal Palaces of Abomey) | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | 7005480000000000000♠48 (120) | 1985 | 1985–2007 | General state of deterioration due to the elements and inappropriate restoration which are in conflict with the authenticity of the site | [178][179] [180][181] |
Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara |  | TanKilwa District, Tanzania8°57′28″S 39°31′22″E / 8.95778°S 39.52278°E / -8.95778; 39.52278 (Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara) | Cultural: (iii) | — | 1981 | 2004–2014 | Continuing deterioration of the site due to various agents such as erosion or plants | [182][183] |
Rwenzori Mountains National Park |  | Bundibugyo, Kabarole and Kasese District, Uganda0°13′N 29°55′E / 0.217°N 29.917°E / 0.217; 29.917 (Rwenzori Mountains National Park) | Natural: (vii), (ix) | 7008996000000000000♠99,600 (246,000) | 1994 | 1999–2004 | Security situation and lack of monitoring of a major part of the park | [96][184] [185] |
Sangay National Park |  | Chimborazo, Morona-Santiago and Tungurahua Province, Ecuador1°50′S 78°20′W / 1.833°S 78.333°W / -1.833; -78.333 (Sangay National Park) | Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | 7009271925000000000♠271,925 (671,940) | 1983 | 1992–2005 | Heavy poaching, illegal livestock grazing, encroachment and potential threat through a road construction project | [186][187] [188] |
Simien National Park |  | EthAmhara Region,  Ethiopia13°11′N 38°4′E / 13.183°N 38.067°E / 13.183; 38.067 (Simien National Park) | Natural: (vii), (x) | 7008220000000000000♠22,000 (54,000) | 1978 | 1996–2017 | Deterioration of population of Walia ibex | [189][190] |
Srebarna Nature Reserve |  | Srebarna, Silistra Province,  Bulgaria44°06′50″N 27°04′40″E / 44.11389°N 27.07778°E / 44.11389; 27.07778 (Srebarna Nature Reserve) | Natural: (x) | 7006638000000000000♠638 (1,580) | 1983 | 1992–2003 | Prevention of seasonal flooding and agricultural use causing a decline or disappearance of the water and passerine bird populations | [191][192] [193] |
Timbuktu | | Circle and Region of Tombouctou, Mali16°46′24″N 2°59′58″W / 16.77333°N 2.99944°W / 16.77333; -2.99944 (Timbuktu) | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (v) | — | 1988 | 1990–2005 | Threat of sand encroachment | [194][195] [196] |
Tipasa |  | Tipaza Province,  Algeria36°35′39″N 2°26′36″E / 36.59417°N 2.44333°E / 36.59417; 2.44333 (Tipasa) | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | 7005520000000000000♠52 (130) | 1982 | 2002–2006 | Inadequate maintenance affecting the integrity of the site and its buffer zone | [197][198] [199] |
Walled City of Baku with Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower |  | Baku,  Azerbaijan40°21′59″N 49°50′7″E / 40.36639°N 49.83528°E / 40.36639; 49.83528 (Baku) | Cultural: (iv) | — | 2000 | 2003–2009 | Damage sustained during the 2000 Baku earthquake, urban development and inadequate conservation efforts | [200] |
Wieliczka Salt Mine |  | Wieliczka, Wieliczka County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship,  Poland49°58′45″N 20°03′50″E / 49.97917°N 20.06389°E / 49.97917; 20.06389 (Wieliczka Salt Mine) | Cultural: (iv) | 7006969000000000000♠969 (2,390) | 1978 | 1989–1998 | Humidity problem | [172][201] [202] |
Yellowstone National Park |  | Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, United States44°30′N 110°50′W / 44.500°N 110.833°W / 44.500; -110.833 (Yellowstone National Park) | Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | 7009898349000000000♠898,349 (2,219,870) | 1978 | 1995–2003 | Ascertained dangers to Yellowstone cutthroat trout as well as sewage leakage and waste contamination in parts of the park; potential threats to water quantity and quality, past and proposed mining activities, a proposed control programme to eradicate brucellosis in the bison herds | [203][204] [205] |
Notes
^ Full title: Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
^ The Jerusalem site is not associated with a state by UNESCO and sorts as "Jerusalem".
^ Site proposed by Jordan. UNESCO has stated that "In line with relevant UN resolutions, East Jerusalem remains part of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians."
^ abc From the List of World Heritage in Danger
^ On the List of World Heritage in Danger
^ Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008, but Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the Brussels Agreement. Kosovo has received formal recognition as an independent state from 113 out of 193 United Nations member states, of which several have been revoked.
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^ 29th session 2005, pp. 142–143
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^ 27th session 2003, p. 30
^ "Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "World Heritage Committee: Twelfth session" (PDF). UNESCO. pp. 7, 16. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 24th session 2000, pp. 109–110
^ 29th session 2005, pp. 15–16
^ 30th session 2006, pp. 23–24
^ "Dresden Elbe Valley". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 30th session 2006, pp. 112–113
^ "Dubrovnik". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "World Heritage Committee: Fifteenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 31. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "World Heritage Committee: Twenty-second session" (PDF). UNESCO. pp. 12–13. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
^ 24th session 2000, p. 26
^ "Galápagos Islands". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 30th session 2006, pp. 70–71
^ 31st session 2007, pp. 68–69
^ 34th session 2010, pp. 34–35
^ "Group of Monuments at Hampi". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 23rd session 1999, pp. 32–33
^ 30th session 2006, pp. 38–40
^ "Historical Monuments of Mtskheta". UNESCO. Retrieved 3 December 2010.
^ 33rd session 2009, p. 139
^ "Ichkeul National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 20th session 1996, pp. 31–32
^ 30th session 2006, pp. 25–26
^ "Iguaçu National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 25th session 2001, pp. 15–16
^ "Kathmandu Valley". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 27th session 2003, pp. 64–65
^ 31st session 2007, p. 32
^ World Heritage Committee. "Colombia's Los Katíos National Park removed from List of Heritage in Danger". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
^ "Manas Wildlife Sanctuary". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
^ 16th session 1992, p. 28
^ "Successful preservation of India's Manas Wildlife Sanctuary enables withdrawal from the List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
^ "Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "World Heritage Committee: Third session" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 13. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 27th session 2003, p. 27
^ "World Heritage Committee: Eighth session" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 18. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "Ngorongoro Conservation Area". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ ab "World Heritage Committee: Thirteenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 14. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "Plitvice Lakes National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 16th session 1992, pp. 24–25
^ 21st session 1997, pp. 10–11
^ "Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
^ 25th session 2001, pp. 139–141
^ "Royal Palaces of Abomey". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "Royal Palaces of Abomey: Advisory Body Evaluation" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "World Heritage Committee: Ninth session" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
^ 31st session 2007, pp. 21–22
^ "Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
^ 28th session 2004, pp. 96–97
^ "Rwenzori Mountains National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 28th session 2004, p. 55
^ "Sangay National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 16th session 1992, pp. 25–26
^ 29th session 2005, pp. 18–19
^ "Simien National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
^ 20th session 1996, pp. 28–29
^ "Srebarna Nature Reserve". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 16th session 1992, pp. 21–22
^ 27th session 2003, p. 15
^ "Timbuktu". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "World Heritage Committee: Fourteenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 8. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 29th session 2005, pp. 20–21
^ "Tipasa". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "World Heritage Committee: Twenty-sixth session" (PDF). UNESCO. pp. 36–37. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 30th session 2006, p. 32
^ "World Heritage Committee removes Baku from Danger List welcoming improvements in the ancient city's preservation". UNESCO. 25 June 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
^ "Wieliczka Salt Mine". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "World Heritage Committee: Twenty-second session" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 13. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "Yellowstone National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ "World Heritage Committee: Nineteenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. pp. 18–19. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
^ 16th session 1992, pp. 16–17
- General
"World Heritage in Danger: A compendium of key decisions on the conservation of natural World Heritage properties via the List of World Heritage in Danger" (PDF). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
Chape, Stuart; Spalding, Mark; Jenkins, Martin (2008). The world's protected areas: status, values and prospects in the 21st century (illustrated ed.). University of Castile-La Mancha. ISBN 978-0-520-24660-7. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
Timothy, Dallen J.; Nyaupane, Gyan P. (2009). Cultural heritage and tourism in the developing world: a regional perspective. Contemporary geographies of leisure, tourism and mobility. 10 (illustrated ed.). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-77622-6. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Eighth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Sixteenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
"World Heritage Committee: Twentieth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Twenty-first session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 28 May 2010.
"World Heritage Committee: Twenty-third session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Twenty-fourth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Twenty-fifth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Twenty-seventh session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Twenty-eighth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Twenty-ninth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Thirtieth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Thirty-first session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Thirty-third session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"World Heritage Committee: Thirty-fourth session" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
External links
UNESCO World Heritage Sites, official site
UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage in Danger List, official site
UNESCO Heritage Centre – World Heritage List, official site
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