Presidential election results map. Blue denotes those won by Roosevelt/Truman, red denotes states won by Dewey/Bricker. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
President before election Franklin D. Roosevelt
Elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt
The United States presidential election of 1944 was the 40th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1944. The election took place during World War II. Incumbent Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated Republican Thomas E. Dewey.
Roosevelt had become the first president to win a third term with his victory in the 1940 presidential election, and there was little doubt that he would seek a fourth term. Unlike in 1940, Roosevelt faced little opposition within his own party, and he easily won the presidential nomination of the 1944 Democratic National Convention. However, that convention dropped Vice President Henry A. Wallace as Roosevelt's running mate in favor of Senator Harry S. Truman of Missouri. Governor Dewey of New York emerged as the front-runner for the Republican nomination after his victory in the Wisconsin primary, and he defeated conservative Governor John W. Bricker at the 1944 Republican National Convention.
As World War II was going well for the United States and its Allies, Roosevelt remained popular despite his long tenure. Dewey campaigned against the New Deal and for a smaller government, but was ultimately unsuccessful in convincing the country to change course. The election was closer than Roosevelt's other presidential campaigns, but Roosevelt still won by a comfortable margin in the popular vote and by a wide margin in the Electoral College. Rumors of Roosevelt's ill health, though somewhat dispelled by his vigorous campaigning, proved to be prescient; Roosevelt died less than three months into his fourth term and was succeeded by Truman.
Contents 1 Nominations 1.1 Democratic Party nomination 1.2 Republican Party 2 General election 2.1 The fall campaign 2.2 Results 2.3 Geography of results 2.3.1 Gallery of maps 2.3.2 Results by state 2.3.3 Close states 3 Miscellanea 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links Nominations Democratic Party nomination Main articles: 1944 Democratic National Convention and Democratic vice presidential nomination of 1944
Democratic Party Ticket, 1944 Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman for President for Vice President (1933–1945) (1935–1945) Campaign
President Roosevelt was the popular, wartime incumbent and faced little formal opposition. Although many Southern Democrats mistrusted Roosevelt's racial policies, he brought enormous war activities to the region and the end of its marginal status was in sight. No major figure opposed Roosevelt publicly, and he was re-nominated easily when the Democratic Convention met in Chicago. Some pro-segregationist delegates tried to unite behind Virginia senator Harry F. Byrd, but he refused to campaign actively against Roosevelt, and did not get enough delegates to seriously threaten the President's chances.
The obvious physical decline in the president's appearance, as well as rumors of secret health problems, led many delegates and party leaders to strongly oppose Vice President Henry A. Wallace for a second term. Opposition to Wallace came especially from Catholic leaders in big cities and labor unions. Wallace, who had been Roosevelt's vice president since January 1941, was regarded by most conservatives as being too left-wing and personally eccentric to be next in line for the presidency. He had performed so poorly as economic coordinator that Roosevelt had to remove him from that post. Numerous party leaders privately sent word to Roosevelt that they would fight Wallace's re-nomination as vice president and proposed instead Senator Harry S. Truman, a moderate from Missouri. Truman was highly visible as the chairman of a Senate wartime committee investigating fraud and inefficiency in the war program. Roosevelt, who personally liked Wallace and knew little about Truman, reluctantly agreed to accept Truman as his running mate to preserve party unity.[2] Even so, many delegates on the left refused to abandon Wallace, and they cast their votes for him on the first ballot. However, enough large Northern, Midwestern, and Southern states supported Truman to give him victory on the second ballot. The fight over the vice presidential nomination proved to be consequential; Roosevelt died in April 1945, and Truman instead of Wallace became the nation's thirty-third President.[3]
Republican Party Main article: Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1944
Further information: 1944 Republican National Convention
Republican Party Ticket, 1944 Thomas E. Dewey John W. Bricker for President for Vice President (1943–1954) (1939–1945) Campaign
Republican candidates: Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York
Governor John W. Bricker of Ohio
Representative Everett Dirksen from Illinois
General Douglas MacArthur from New York
Former Governor Harold Stassen of Minnesota
Businessman Wendell Willkie from New York
As 1944 began, the frontrunners for the Republican nomination appeared to be Wendell Willkie, the party's 1940 nominee, Senator Robert A. Taft from Ohio, the leader of the party's conservatives, New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, the leader of the party's moderate eastern establishment, General Douglas MacArthur, then serving as an Allied commander in the Pacific theater of the war, and former Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen, then serving as a U.S. naval officer in the Pacific. Taft surprised many by announcing that he was not a candidate as he wanted to remain in the Senate; instead, he voiced his support for a fellow conservative, Governor John W. Bricker of Ohio.[4]
With Taft out of the race some Republican conservatives favored General MacArthur. However, MacArthur's chances were limited by the fact that he was leading Allied forces against Japan, and thus could not campaign for the nomination. His supporters entered his name in the Wisconsin primary nonetheless. The Wisconsin primary proved to be the key contest, as Dewey won by a surprisingly wide margin. He took fourteen delegates to four for Harold Stassen, while MacArthur won the three remaining delegates. Willkie was shut out in the Wisconsin primary; he did not win a single delegate. His unexpectedly poor showing in Wisconsin forced him to withdraw as a candidate for the nomination. However, at the time of his sudden death in early October 1944, Willkie had endorsed neither Dewey nor Roosevelt. At the 1944 Republican National Convention in Chicago, Illinois, Dewey easily overcame Bricker and was nominated for president on the first ballot. Dewey, a moderate to liberal Republican, chose the conservative Bricker as his running mate. Dewey originally preferred fellow liberal California Governor Earl Warren, but agreed on Bricker to preserve party unity (Warren became Dewey's vice presidential candidate in the election of 1948). Bricker was nominated for vice president by acclamation.
General election The fall campaign
Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage for the winning candidate. Shades of blue are for Roosevelt (Democratic), shades of red are for Dewey (Republican), and shades of green are for "No Candidate" (Texas Regulars).
The Republicans campaigned against the New Deal,[5] seeking a smaller government and less-regulated economy as the end of the war seemed in sight. Nonetheless, Roosevelt's continuing popularity was the main theme of the campaign. To quiet rumors of his poor health, Roosevelt insisted on making a vigorous campaign swing in October and rode in an open car through city streets.
A high point of the campaign occurred when Roosevelt, speaking to a meeting of labor union leaders, gave a speech carried on national radio in which he ridiculed Republican claims that his administration was corrupt and wasteful with tax money.[6] He particularly derided a Republican claim that he had sent a US Navy warship to pick up his Scottish Terrier Fala in Alaska, noting that "Fala was furious" at such rumors.[7] The speech was met with loud laughter and applause from the labor leaders. In response, Dewey gave a blistering partisan speech in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, a few days later on national radio, in which he accused Roosevelt of being "indispensable" to corrupt big-city Democratic organizations and American Communists;[8] he also referred to members of Roosevelt's cabinet as a "motley crew". However, American battlefield successes in Europe and the Pacific during the campaign, such as the liberation of Paris in August 1944 and the successful Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines in October 1944, made Roosevelt unbeatable.
Results Throughout the campaign, Roosevelt led Dewey in all the polls by varying margins. On election day, the Democratic incumbent scored a fairly comfortable victory over his Republican challenger. Roosevelt took 36 states for 432 electoral votes (266 were needed to win), while Dewey won twelve states and 99 electoral votes. In the popular vote Roosevelt won 25,612,916 (53.4%) votes to Dewey's 22,017,929 (45.9%).
The important question had been which leader,[9] Roosevelt or Dewey, should be chosen for the critical days of peacemaking and reconstruction following the war's conclusion. A majority of the American people concluded that they should not change from one party, and particularly from one leader. They also felt that in view of ever-increasing domestic disagreements it was not safe to do so in "wartime".
Dewey did better against Roosevelt than any of Roosevelt's previous three Republican opponents: Roosevelt's percentage and margin of the total vote were both less than in 1940. Dewey also gained the personal satisfaction of finishing ahead of Roosevelt in his hometown of Hyde Park, New York, and ahead of Truman in his hometown of Independence, Missouri.[citation needed Dewey would again become the Republican presidential nominee in 1948 and would again lose, though by a slightly smaller margin.
Of the 3,095 counties/independent cities making returns, Roosevelt won in 1,751 (56.58%) while Dewey carried 1,343 (43.39%). The Texas Regular ticket carried one county (0.03%).
In New York, only the combined support of the American Labor and Liberal parties (pledged to Roosevelt but otherwise independent of the Democrats so as to keep separate their identity) enabled Roosevelt to win the electoral votes of his home state.
In 1944, the constantly growing Southern protest against Roosevelt's leadership became clearest in Texas, where 135,553 votes were cast against Roosevelt but not for the Republican ticket. The Texas Regular ticket resulted from a split in the Democratic party in its two state conventions, May 23 and September 12, 1944. This ticket represented the Democratic element opposing the re-election of President Roosevelt, and called for the "restoration of states' rights which have been destroyed by the Communist New Deal" and "restoration of the supremacy of the white race".[10] Its electors were uninstructed.
As he had in 1940, Roosevelt won re-election with a lower percentage of both the electoral vote and the popular vote than he had received in the prior elections—the second of only three presidents in US history to do so, preceded by James Madison in 1812 and followed by Barack Obama in 2012. Andrew Jackson in 1832 and Grover Cleveland in 1892 had received more electoral votes but fewer popular votes, while Woodrow Wilson in 1916 had received more popular votes but fewer electoral votes.
Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral Running mate Count Percentage Vice-presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote Franklin D. Roosevelt (Incumbent) 25,612,916 53.39% 432 Harry S. Truman 432 Thomas E. Dewey New York 22,017,929 45.89% 99 John W. Bricker 99 (none) (n/a) 143,238 0.30% 0 (none) (n/a) 0 Norman Thomas New York 79,017 0.16% 0 Darlington Hoopes 0 Claude A. Watson 74,758 0.16% 0 Andrew N. Johnson 0 Edward A. Teichert Pennsylvania 45,188 0.09% 0 Arla Arbaugh 0 Other 11,816 0.02% — Other — Total 47,977,063 100% 531 531 Needed to win 266 266
Source (Popular Vote): Leip, David. "1944 Presidential Election Results". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections . Retrieved August 1, 2005 .
Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved August 1, 2005 .
Popular vote Roosevelt
53.39% Dewey
45.89% No Candidate
0.28% Thomas
0.16% Others
0.28%
Electoral vote Roosevelt
81.36% Dewey
18.64%
Geography of results Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote
Gallery of maps Presidential election results by county
Democratic presidential election results by county
Republican presidential election results by county
"Other" presidential election results by county
Results by state [11]
States won by Roosevelt/Truman States won by Dewey/Bricker
Franklin D. Roosevelt Thomas E. Dewey No Candidate Norman Thomas Other Margin State total State electoral # % electoral # % electoral # % electoral # % electoral # % electoral # % # 11 198,918 81.28 11 44,540 18.20 - - - - 190 0.08 - 1,095 0.45 - 154,378 63.08 244,743 AL 4 80,926 58.80 4 56,287 40.90 - - - - - - - 421 0.31 - 24,639 17.90 137,634 AZ 9 148,965 69.95 9 63,551 29.84 - - - - 438 0.21 - - - - 85,414 40.11 212,954 AR 25 1,988,564 56.48 25 1,512,965 42.97 - - - - 2,515 0.07 - 16,831 0.48 - 475,599 13.51 3,520,875 CA 6 234,331 46.40 - 268,731 53.21 6 - - - 1,977 0.39 - - - - -34,400 -6.81 505,039 CO 8 435,146 52.30 8 390,527 46.94 - - - - 5,097 0.61 - 1,220 0.15 - 44,619 5.36 831,990 CT 3 68,166 54.38 3 56,747 45.27 - - - - 154 0.12 - 294 0.23 - 11,419 9.11 125,361 DE 8 339,377 70.32 8 143,215 29.68 - - - - - - - - - - 196,162 40.65 482,592 FL 12 268,187 81.74 12 59,880 18.25 - - - - 6 0.00 - 36 0.01 - 208,307 63.49 328,109 GA 4 107,399 51.55 4 100,137 48.07 - - - - 282 0.14 - 503 0.24 - 7,262 3.49 208,321 ID 28 2,079,479 51.52 28 1,939,314 48.05 - - - - 180 0.00 - 17,088 0.42 - 140,165 3.47 4,036,061 IL 13 781,403 46.73 - 875,891 52.38 13 - - - 2,223 0.13 - 12,574 0.75 - -94,488 -5.65 1,672,091 IN 10 499,876 47.49 - 547,267 51.99 10 - - - 1,511 0.14 - 3,945 0.37 - -47,391 -4.50 1,052,599 IA 8 287,458 39.18 - 442,096 60.25 8 - - - 1,613 0.22 - 2,609 0.36 - -154,638 -21.07 733,776 KS 11 472,589 54.45 11 392,448 45.22 - - - - 535 0.06 - 2,349 0.27 - 80,141 9.23 867,921 KY 10 281,564 80.59 10 67,750 19.39 - - - - - - - 69 0.02 - 213,814 61.20 349,383 LA 5 140,631 47.45 - 155,434 52.44 5 - - - - - - 335 0.11 - -14,803 -4.99 296,400 ME 8 315,490 51.85 8 292,949 48.15 - - - - - - - - - - 22,541 3.70 608,439 MD 16 1,035,296 52.80 16 921,350 46.99 - - - - - - - 4,019 0.21 - 113,946 5.81 1,960,665 MA 19 1,106,899 50.19 19 1,084,423 49.18 - - - - 4,598 0.21 - 9,303 0.42 - 22,476 1.02 2,205,223 MI 11 589,864 52.41 11 527,416 46.86 - - - - 5,073 0.45 - 3,176 0.28 - 62,448 5.55 1,125,529 MN 9 168,479 93.56 9 11,601 6.44 - - - - - - - - - - 156,878 87.12 180,080 MS 15 807,804 51.37 15 761,524 48.43 - - - - 1,751 0.11 - 1,395 0.09 - 46,280 2.94 1,572,474 MO 4 112,556 54.28 4 93,163 44.93 - - - - 1,296 0.63 - 340 0.16 - 19,393 9.35 207,355 MT 6 233,246 41.42 - 329,880 58.58 6 - - - - - - - - - -96,634 -17.16 563,126 NE 3 29,623 54.62 3 24,611 45.38 - - - - - - - - - - 5,012 9.24 54,234 NV 4 119,663 52.11 4 109,916 47.87 - - - - 46 0.02 - - - - 9,747 4.24 229,625 NH 16 987,874 50.31 16 961,335 48.95 - - - - 3,358 0.17 - 11,194 0.57 - 26,539 1.35 1,963,761 NJ 4 81,389 53.47 4 70,688 46.44 - - - - - - - 148 0.10 - 10,701 7.03 152,225 NM 47 3,304,238 52.31 47 2,987,647 47.30 - - - - 10,553 0.17 - 14,352 0.23 - 316,591 5.01 6,316,790 NY 14 527,399 66.71 14 263,155 33.29 - - - - - - - - - - 264,244 33.43 790,554 NC 4 100,144 45.48 - 118,535 53.84 4 - - - 943 0.43 - 549 0.25 - -18,391 -8.35 220,171 ND 25 1,570,763 49.82 - 1,582,293 50.18 25 - - - - - - - - - -11,530 -0.37 3,153,056 OH 10 401,549 55.57 10 319,424 44.20 - - - - - - - 1,663 0.23 - 82,125 11.36 722,636 OK 6 248,635 51.78 6 225,365 46.94 - - - - 3,785 0.79 - 2,362 0.49 - 23,270 4.85 480,147 OR 35 1,940,479 51.14 35 1,835,054 48.36 - - - - 11,721 0.31 - 7,539 0.20 - 105,425 2.78 3,794,793 PA 4 175,356 58.59 4 123,487 41.26 - - - - - - - 433 0.14 - 51,869 17.33 299,276 RI 8 90,601 87.64 8 4,610 4.46 - 7,799 7.54 - - - - 365 0.35 - 82,802 80.10 103,375 SC 4 96,711 41.67 - 135,365 58.33 4 - - - - - - - - - -38,654 -16.66 232,076 SD 12 308,707 60.45 12 200,311 39.22 - - - - 792 0.16 - 882 0.17 - 108,396 21.23 510,692 TN 23 821,605 71.42 23 191,425 16.64 - 135,439 11.77 - 594 0.05 - 1,268 0.11 - 630,180 54.78 1,150,331 TX 4 150,088 60.44 4 97,891 39.42 - - - - 340 0.14 - - - - 52,197 21.02 248,319 UT 3 53,820 42.93 - 71,527 57.06 3 - - - - - - 14 0.01 - -17,707 -14.12 125,361 VT 11 242,276 62.36 11 145,243 37.39 - - - - 417 0.11 - 549 0.14 - 97,033 24.98 388,485 VA 8 486,774 56.84 8 361,689 42.24 - - - - 3,824 0.45 - 4,041 0.47 - 125,085 14.61 856,328 WA 8 392,777 54.89 8 322,819 45.11 - - - - - - - - - - 69,958 9.78 715,596 WV 12 650,413 48.57 - 674,532 50.37 12 - - - 13,205 0.99 - 1,002 0.07 - -24,119 -1.80 1,339,152 WI 3 49,419 48.77 - 51,921 51.23 3 - - - - - - - - - -2,502 -2.47 101,340 WY Totals: 531 25,612,916 53.39 432 22,017,929 45.89 99 143,238 0.30 - 79,017 0.16 - 123,963 0.26 - 3,594,987 7.49 47,977,063 US
Close states Margin of victory less than 1% (25 electoral votes):
Ohio , 0.37% Margin of victory less than 5% (165 electoral votes):
Michigan , 1.02% New Jersey , 1.35% Wisconsin , 1.80% Wyoming , 2.47% Pennsylvania , 2.78% Missouri , 2.94% Illinois , 3.47% Idaho , 3.49% Maryland , 3.70% New Hampshire , 4.24% Iowa , 4.50% Oregon , 4.85% Maine , 4.99% Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (138 electoral votes):
New York , 5.01% Connecticut , 5.36% Minnesota , 5.55% Indiana , 5.65% Massachusetts , 5.81% Colorado , 6.81% New Mexico , 7.03% North Dakota , 8.35% Delaware , 9.11% Kentucky , 9.23% Nevada , 9.24% Montana , 9.35% West Virginia , 9.78% Miscellanea The passing of the 22nd Amendment of the United States Constitution in 1951 renders this election the only occasion in United States history in which a candidate has been allowed to run for a fourth term as president. The 1944 election was the first one where one of the candidates (Dewey) was born in the 20th century. 1944 was, until 2016, the most recent election in which both major party candidates hailed from the same state, as Roosevelt and Dewey were from New York. The 2016 presidential election has now taken that honor as both major candidates in that election, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, coincidentally, also identified New York as their home state. Except Lyndon B. Johnson's landslide reelection in 1964, no post-1944 Democratic candidate has managed to equal or surpass Roosevelt's margin in popular or electoral votes in this election, which was the closest of all his four campaigns. The 1944 election was the last election in which any candidate received over ninety percent of the vote in any state (FDR won 94 percent of votes cast in Mississippi). The Democratic candidate did receive more than ninety percent of the vote in The District of Columbia in 2008, 2012 and 2016. The 1944 election was the first since Grover Cleveland's re-election in 1892 in which the bellwether state of Ohio backed a losing candidate. This was the first election since 1900 when Idaho and Wyoming did not vote the same as each other, and the last to date. The 1944 presidential election was the last election in which the Democratic party candidate won every single state that constituted the Confederacy, as well as all 14 states of the South. This was the last time that the Democrats won New Hampshire and Oregon until 1964 and the last time that the Democrats won Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania until 1960. 1944 is the last occasion the Democratic Party has carried Cache, Washington and Box Elder Counties in Utah, Indian River, Lake, Sarasota and Manatee Counties in Florida or Augusta and Orange Counties in Virginia.[12] See also President of the United States United States House elections, 1944 United States Senate elections, 1944 United States home front during World War II Hell-Bent for Election , an animated Roosevelt campaign film.Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt References ^ "Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections". The American Presidency Project . UC Santa Barbara. ^ Alonzo L. Hamby, Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman (1995) ch 17 ^ Weintraub, Stanley. Final Victory: FDR's Extraordinary World War II Presidential Campaign , pp. 29-59 ^ Taft, Robert Alphonso and Wunderlin, Clarence E.; The Papers of Robert A. Taft: 1939-1944 , p. 397 ^ Jordan, David M.; FDR, Dewey, and the Election of 1944 , pp. 119 ^ Nash, Gerald D.; Franklin Delano Roosevelt , p. 66 ^ Weintraub; Final Victory , pp. 144-149 ^ Jordan; FDR, Dewey and the Election of 1944 , p. 266 ^ Jordan; FDR, Dewey and the Election of 1944 ; pp. 111, 214 ^ Cunningham, Sean; Cowboy Conservatism and the Rise of the Modern Right ; p. 26 ^ "1944 Presidential General Election Data - National". Retrieved April 14, 2013 . ^ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review ; June 29, 2016 Further reading Public Opinion, 1935–1946 (1951), massive compilation of many public opinion polls from USAGallup, George Horace, ed. The Gallup Poll; Public Opinion, 1935–1971 3 vol (1972) esp vol 1; summarizes results of each poll as reported to newspapers Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman (1995) ch 17Savage, Sean J. "The 1936-1944 Campaigns," in William D. Pederson, ed. A Companion to Franklin D. Roosevelt (2011) pp 96–113 online Thomas E. Dewey and His Times (1984), the standard scholarly biographyExternal links Encyclopædia Britannica Tuesday In November: The 1944 Presidential Election 1944 popular vote by counties Election of 1944 in Counting the Votes (1940 ←) United States presidential election, 1944 (→ 1948)
Democratic Party Convention
Nominee VP nominee Candidates Harry F. Byrd James Farley
Republican Party Convention
Nominee VP nominee Candidates Riley A. Bender Everett Dirksen Douglas MacArthur Harold Stassen Robert Taft Wendell Willkie
America First Party
Prohibition Party
Socialist Party
Other 1944 elections : HouseSenate
State Results of the 1944 U.S. presidential election
Candidates Franklin D. Roosevelt Thomas E. Dewey Norman Thomas Full list General Election timeline Democratic primaries Republican primaries Republican Convention Democratic Convention Debates Local Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Other 1944
Franklin D. Roosevelt
*_44th_Governor_of_New_York_(1929–1932)32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) 44th Governor of New York (1929–1932) Assistant Secretary of the Navy (1913–1920) New York State Senator (1911–1913) Presidency Inaugurations (1st 2nd 3rd 4th) overview New Deal coalition First 100 days Second New Deal Federal Emergency Relief Administration Civilian Conservation Corps Agricultural Adjustment Administration Emergency Banking Act Tennessee Valley Authority National Labor Relations Act Public Works Administration National Recovery Administration National Youth Administration Aid to Families with Dependent Children Federal Communications Commission Securities and Exchange Commission Gold Reserve Act Silver seizure Defense industry non-discrimination Fair Employment Practices Commission Indian Reorganization Act War Relocation Authority Japanese American internment German-American internment Italian-American internment Brownlow Committee Executive Office of the President G.I. Bill of Rights Cullen–Harrison Act Roerich Pact Black Cabinet Jefferson's Birthday holiday Judicial Court-Packing Bill Cabinet "Brain Trust" Modern Oval Office Official car Criticism Presidential U.S. occupation of Nicaragua, 1912–1933 U.S. occupation of Haiti, 1915–1934 Good Neighbor Policy (1933–1945) Montevideo Convention (1933) Second London Naval Treaty (1936) ABCD line (1940) Export Control Act Four Policemen Lend-Lease 1940 Selective Service Act Atlantic Charter (1941) Home front during World War II Combined Munitions Assignments Board War Production Board Dumbarton Oaks Conference World War II conferences Quebec Agreement Europe first Morgentau Plan support Presidential Commonwealth Club Address Madison Square Garden speech "Four Freedoms" Infamy Speech Arsenal of Democracy "...is fear itself" Fireside chats "Look to Norway" Quarantine Speech "The More Abundant Life" Second Bill of Rights State of the Union Address (1934 1938 1939 1940 1941 1945) Other events Early life, education, career Warm Springs Institute Governorship of New York Business Plot Assassination attempt Elections New York state election, 1928 1930 Democratic National Convention, 1920 1924 1932 1936 1940 1944 United States presidential election, 1920 1936 1940 1944 Life and homes "Springwood" birthplace, home, and gravesite Campobello home Paralytic illness Top Cottage Little White House, Warm Springs, Georgia Legacy Roosevelt Institute Roosevelt Institute Campus Network Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial White House Roosevelt Room Roosevelt Study Center Four Freedoms Award Four Freedoms paintingsUnfinished portrait U.S. Postage stamps Roosevelt dime FilmsThe Roosevelt Story 1947 Sunrise at Campobello 1960 Eleanor and Franklin 1976 , The White House Years 1977 World War II: When Lions Roared Warm Springs 2005 Hyde Park on Hudson 2012 The Roosevelts 2014 documentary Other namesakes (wife) (daughter) (son) (son) (son) (son) (granddaughter) (grandson) (granddaughter) (grandson) (grandson) (grandson) (father) (mother) (half-brother) (grandfather) (great-grandfather) (family dog) ← Herbert Hoover Harry S. Truman →
Harry S. Truman
*_34th_Vice_President_of_the_United_States_(1945)33rd President of the United States (1945–1953) 34th Vice President of the United States (1945) U.S. Senator from Missouri (1935–1945) Presidency 1945 inauguration 1949 inauguration Agreement on Europe Declaration to Japan Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Fair Deal National Institute of Mental Health National School Lunch Act Council of Economic Advisers Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Loyalty Order Joint Chiefs of Staff National Security Council Department of the Air Force Central Intelligence Agency Key West Agreement Joint Long Range Proving Grounds Revolt of the Admirals Committee on Civil Rights Integration of the Armed Forces Housing Act of 1949 Assassination attempt Relief of General MacArthur Science Advisory Committee 1952 steel strike Puerto Rican constitutional referendum, 1952 National Security Agency State of the Union Address (1946 1950 1952) Cabinet Truman Balcony "The buck stops here" Life Early life and career Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite Missouri Office and Courtroom Truman Committee Democratic vice presidential nomination of 1944 Books Homes Birthplace Harry S. Truman Farm Home Blair House Truman Little White House Elections United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934 1940 Democratic National Convention 1944 1948 United States presidential election, 1944 "Dewey Defeats Truman" campaign song Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1952 Legacy Truman Day Harry S Truman Building Truman Dam and Reservoir Harry S. Truman Scholarship Truman Sports Complex U.S. Postage stamps Related Give 'em Hell, Harry (1975 play and film)Truman (1995 film)Madonna of the Trail statuesFamily ← Franklin D. Roosevelt Dwight D. Eisenhower→
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