步行

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通过动画展示的人基本的步行


步行,是指人或其他兩足動物使用比跑步慢的速度行。


在人類或其他兩足動物中,一般來說,步行是用腳步進行的,且在步行階段中,僅單腳離開地面。相反,在跑步的中開跑的時候,一般均是雙腳離地。


根據統計,平均十一個月大的幼兒便能走路[1],而平均老年人步行的速度是3.2 km/h ~ 3.9 km/h,年輕人則為3.75 km/h ~ 5.43 km/h[2][3]。而在行人路、小徑或路上行走的人則稱為行人。



健康


如可以持久的每周五天、每天走路三十至六十分鐘,再加上正確的走路姿勢走路的話,身體會更健康[4][5],例如癌症和心臟病的機會可以低一點,而壽命也會有所增加,這就是走路可帶來的好處。步行還會令骨骼更加健康,特別是胯骨,另外還可降低低密度脂蛋白,並增加高密度脂蛋白[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]



古代人類




在泰国山中步行


從在肯尼亞海岸的腳印來看,1.5萬年前的現代人的祖先與現代人的步行方式比較,兩者非常相似。[14][15]



參考資料




  1. ^ Samra HA, Specker B. Walking age does not explain term versus preterm difference in bone geometry. J Pediatr. July 2007, 151 (1): 61–6, 66.e1–2. PMC 2031218. PMID 17586192. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.02.033. 


  2. ^ Study Compares Older and Younger Pedestrian Walking Speeds. TranSafety, Inc. 1997-10-01 [2009-08-24]. 


  3. ^ Aspelin, Karen. Establishing Pedestrian Walking Speeds (PDF). Portland State University. 2005-05-25 [2009-08-24]. 


  4. ^ Mayo Clinic - Proper walking technique


  5. ^ Community Development Department, City of Cambridge, Massachusetts - The Health Benefits of Walking 互联网档案馆的存檔,存档日期2012-05-02.


  6. ^ Boone, Tommy. Benefits of Walking. HowStuffWorks. [September 2009]. 


  7. ^ Walking for fitness: How to trim your waistline, improve your health. Mayo Clinic. [September 2009]. 


  8. ^ Crawford, Deborah. Why Walking is the Most-recommended Exercise. BellaOnline. [September 2009]. 


  9. ^ Balish, Chris. How to live well without owning a car. Ten Speed Press. 2006: 134. ISBN 1580087574.  (Google books)


  10. ^ Brown, Marie Annette; Robinson, Jo. When your body gets the blues: the clinically proven program for women who feel tired and stressed and eat too much. Rodale. 2002: 82. ISBN 157954486X.  (Google books)


  11. ^ Yeager, Selene; Doherty, Bridget. The Prevention Get Thin Get Young Plan. Rodale. 2000. ISBN 1579542174.  (Google Books)


  12. ^ Edlin, Gordon; Golanty, Eric. Health and wellness. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2007: 156. ISBN 0763741450.  (Google Books)


  13. ^ Tolley, Rodney. Sustainable transport: planning for walking and cycling in urban environments. Woodhead Publishing. 2003: 72. ISBN 1855736144.  (Google Books)


  14. ^ Dunham, Will. Footprints show human ancestor with modern stride. Reuters. February 26, 2009 [August 2009]. 


  15. ^ Harmon, Katherine. Researchers Uncover 1.5 Million-Year-Old Footprints. Scientific American. February 26, 2009 [August 2009]. 




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