欧洲政党
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欧洲政党（英语：European political party）[1] 是运行于欧洲各国和欧洲联盟机构内部的一种政党组织。它们受欧盟法律监督并得到欧盟的拨款作为活动经费。它们往往由各国政党共同创建，而非个人。除了受欧盟正式认可的欧洲政党外，还有一些性质类似于欧洲政党的欧洲范围内的国际政党组织存在。[2]
目录
1 當前歐洲政黨
2 参见
3 參考資料
4 外部連結
當前歐洲政黨
截至March 2018年 (March 2018-Missing required parameter 1=month!)[update], there are 12 registered Europarties:[3]
| 歐洲政黨 | 政治 | 席次 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 名稱 | 黨團 | 主席 | 光譜 | 立場 | 歐洲統合 | 联盟委员会 | 議會 | 理事会 | |
歐洲人民黨 | EPP | Joseph Daul (FR) | 中間偏右 | 自由保守主義, 基督教民主主義.[4] | Pro-Europeanism[5] | 14 / 28 | 215 / 751 | 9 / 28 | |
欧洲社会党 | S&D | 谢尔盖·斯塔尼舍夫 (BG) | 中間偏左 | 社會民主主義, 社会自由主义. | Pro-Europeanism | 8 / 28 | 191 / 751 | 5 / 28 | |
歐洲自由民主聯盟黨 | ALDE | Hans van Baalen (NL) | 中间派 | 社会自由主义,古典自由主义, 聯邦歐洲. | Pro-Europeanism[5] | 5 / 28 | 58 / 751 | 8 / 28 | |
欧洲保守派和改革主义者联盟 | ECR | Jan Zahradil (CZ) | 右派 | 保守主义, 經濟自由主義,[6][7] anti-聯邦.[8] | 軟歐洲懷疑主義[5][9] | 0 / 28 | 50 / 751 | 2 / 28 | |
欧洲绿党 | Greens-EFA | Monica Frassoni (IT) and 萊因哈德·比蒂科夫 (DE) | 中間偏左至左派 | 綠色政治, 進步主義. | Pro-Europeanism[5] | 0 / 28 | 39 / 751 | 0 / 28 | |
歐洲左派黨 | GUE-NGL | Gregor Gysi (DE) | 左派 to 極左派 | 民主社会主义,[10]共产主义,[11]生態社會主義.[12] | 軟歐洲懷疑主義[5] | 0 / 28 | 20 / 751 | 1 / 28 | |
Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom | ENF | Jean-François Jalkh (FR) | 右派 to 極右派 | 民族保守主義, souverainism, 排外主義. | 硬歐洲懷疑主義[9] | 0 / 28 | 33 / 751 | 0 / 28 | |
欧洲自由联盟 | Greens-EFA | François Alfonsi (FR) | 大帐篷 | 區域主義, 本土自治, 分離主義, ethnic minority interests.[4] | Pro-Europeanism[5] | 0 / 28 | 11 / 751 | 0 / 28 | |
歐洲民主黨 | ALDE | 弗朗索瓦·贝鲁 (FR) and Francesco Rutelli (IT) | 中间派 | 基督教民主主義, 社会自由主义, 聯邦歐洲. | Pro-Europeanism[13][14] | 0 / 28 | 9 / 751 [15] | 0 / 28 | |
European Christian Political Movement | ECR | Branislav Škripek (SK) | 右派 | 基督教右派, social conservatism, 古典保守主义. | 軟歐洲懷疑主義[5] | 0 / 28 | 6 / 751 | 0 / 28 | |
Alliance of European National Movements | NI | Béla Kovács (HU) | 極右派 | Ultranationalism, 排外主義, 親俄,[16][17]第三位置. | 硬歐洲懷疑主義[5] | 0 / 28 | 3 / 751 | 0 / 28 | |
Alliance for Peace and Freedom | NI | Roberto Fiore (IT) | 極右派 | Ultranationalism, 排外主義, 新法西斯主義,[18]新納粹主義,[19][20]第三位置 | 硬歐洲懷疑主義[5] | 0 / 28 | 2 / 751 | 0 / 28 | |
参见
- 欧洲议会党团
參考資料
^ Wolfram Nordsieck. Parties & Elections in Europe. [11 July 2015].
^ Lelieveldt, Herman; Princen, Sebatiaan. The politics of the European Union. Google Books. Cambridge University Press. [25 April 2015].
^ List of registered European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. www.appf.europa.eu. [4 December 2017].
^ 4.04.1 Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck
^ 5.05.15.25.35.45.55.65.75.8 Demetriou, Kyriakos. The European Union in Crisis : Explorations in Representation and Democratic Legitimacy. Springer. 2014: 46. ISBN 9783319087740.
^ Baker, David; Schnapper, Pauline. Britain and the Crisis of the European Union. Springer. : 87. ISBN 9781137005205.
^ Nunes Silva, Miguel. Europe Turns Against the EU. The American Conservative. [30 August 2016] （美国英语）.
^ Watson, Iain. New German party causes Cameron EU Parliament dilemma. BBC News. 3 June 2014 [3 July 2014].
^ 9.09.1 FitzGibbon, John; Leruth, Benjamin; Startin, Nick. Euroscepticism as a Transnational and Pan-European Phenomenon : The Emergence of a New Sphere of Opposition. : 198. ISBN 9781317422501.
^ Nordsieck, Wolfram. Parties and Elections in Europe. www.parties-and-elections.eu. [2017-05-28].
^ EL-Parties | European LEFT. www.european-left.org. [2018-03-24] （英语）.
^ http://www.european-left.org/sites/default/files/final_platform_en_7.pdf
^ Kenealy, Daniel; Peterson, John; Corbett, Richard. The European Union: How does it work? 4. OUP Oxford. 2015: 155. ISBN 0199685371.
^ Nathalie Brack; Olivier Costa. How the EU Really Works. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 2014: 120. ISBN 978-1-4724-1465-6.
^ title. [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-06）.
^ A letter to the President of Alliance of European National Movements. en.svoboda.org.ua. [2018-03-24] （英语）.
^ Orenstein, Mitchell A.; Krekó, Péter. A Russian Spy in Brussels?. Foreign Affairs. 2014-05-29 [2018-03-24]. ISSN 0015-7120 （美国英语）.
^ Shaffer, Ryan. Pan-European thought in British fascism: the International Third Position and the Alliance for Peace and Freedom. Patterns of Prejudice. 23 Jan 2018, 52.
^ Foy, Henry. Neo-Nazi party makes an electoral breakthrough in Slovakia. 金融時報. March 7, 2016.
^ —
Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups by Stephen E. Atkins. p. 106 "the oldest of the German neo-Nazi parties"
Germany transformed: political culture and the new politics, by Kendall L. Baker, Russell J. Dalton, Kai Hildebrandt. p. 318 "the neo-Nazi NPD (National Democratic Party of Germany)"
Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia, Volume 2, by Bernard A. Cook. p.903 "possibly deserving of the label "neofascist" .... The NPD was founded in 1964 by survivors of the overtly neo-Nazi SRP"
The Routledge companion to Nazi Germany by Roderick Stackelberg. p.287 "a Neo-Nazi party founded in 1964 in West Germany"
Encyclopaedia of international law by Vinod K. Lall, Danial Khemchand. p. 180 "frankly fascist NPD", "the Neo-Nazi NPD", "this neo-Nazi organization"
The beast reawakens by Martin A. Lee. "neo-Nazi NPD"
外部連結
Video : Relations between parliamentary groups and political parties European NAvigator- Parties' contact details
The European Parliament and Supranational Party System Cambridge University Press 2002- Results of the 2004 European Parliament elections by political party at European level
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