Louis III of France Carloman II Hildegarde of France Gisela of France Ermentrude of France Charles the Simple
Dynasty
Carolingian
Father
Charles the Bald
Mother
Ermentrude of Orléans
Louis the Stammerer (French: Louis le Bègue; 1 November 846 – 10 April 879) was the King of Aquitaine and later the King of West Francia. He was the eldest son of emperor Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans. Louis the Stammerer was physically weak and outlived his father by only two years.
He succeeded his younger brother Charles the Child as the ruler of Aquitaine in 866 and his father in West Francia in 877, but he was never crowned Emperor. In the French monarchial system, he is considered Louis II.
Louis was crowned king on 8 October 877 by Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, at Compiegne[1] and was crowned a second time in August 878 by Pope John VIII at Troyes while the pope was attending a council there.[2] The pope may have even offered him the imperial crown, but it was declined. Louis had relatively little impact on politics. He was described "a simple and sweet man, a lover of peace, justice, and religion".[citation needed] In 878, he gave the counties of Barcelona, Girona, and Besalú to Wilfred the Hairy. His final act was to march against the invading Vikings, but he fell ill and died on 9 April or 10 April 879, not long after beginning this final campaign. On his death, his realms were divided between his two sons, Carloman II and Louis III of France.
Denier of Louis II
Contents
1Family
2Ancestry
3Notes
4References
Family
During the peace negotiations between his father and Erispoe, duke of Brittany, Louis was betrothed to an unnamed daughter of Erispoe in 856. It is not known if this was the same daughter who later married Gurivant. The contract was broken in 857 after Erispoe's murder.
Louis was married twice. His first wife Ansgarde of Burgundy had two sons: Louis (born in 863) and Carloman (born in 866),[1] both of whom became kings of West Francia, and two daughters: Hildegarde (born in 864) and Gisela (865–884).
His second wife Adelaide of Paris had one daughter, Ermentrude (875–914) and a posthumous son, Charles the Simple,[1] who would become, long after his elder brothers' deaths, king of West Francia.
Ancestry
Ancestors of Louis the Stammerer
16. Pepin the Short
8. Charlemagne
17. Bertrada of Laon
4. Louis the Pious
18. Gerold of Vintzgau
9. Hildegard
19. Emma of Alamannia
2. Charles the Bald
10. Welf
5. Judith of Bavaria
11. Hedwig, Duchess of Bavaria
1. Louis the Stammerer
24. Gerold of Vintzgau (= 18)
12. Adrian, Count of Orléans
25. Emma of Alamannia (= 19)
6. Odo I, Count of Orléans
13. Waldrada of Orléans
3. Ermentrude of Orléans
28. Beggo, Count of Toulouse
14. Leuthard, Count of Fézensac
29. Alpais
7. Engeltrude of Paris
Notes
^ abcRosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, (Pearson Education Limited, 1999), 258.
^John VIII, Pierre Riche, The Papacy: Gaius-Proxies, Vol. 2, ed. Philippe Levillain, (Routledge, 2002), 837.
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Louis II. of France". Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 34.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Louis II of France.
Louis the Stammerer
Carolingian Dynasty
Born: 1 November 846Died: 10 April 879
Preceded by Charles the Child
King of Aquitaine 866–877
Vacant
Title next held by
Ranulf II
Preceded by Charles the Bald
King of Neustria 856–879
Succeeded by Louis III
King of West Francia 877–879
Succeeded by Louis III and Carloman
New title
Count of Meaux 862–877
Succeeded by Theodebert
v
t
e
Heads of state of France
Detailed_monarch_family_tree_|_Simplified_monarch_family_tree">Styled President of the Republic after 1871, except from 1940 to 1944 (Chief of State) and 1944 to 1947 (Chairman of the Provisional Government). Detailed monarch family tree | Simplified monarch family tree
Carolingians, Robertians and Bosonids (751–987)
Charles II
Louis II
Louis III
Carloman II
Charles the Fat
OdoR
Charles III
Robert IR
RudolphB
Louis IV
Lothair
Louis V
House of Capet (987–1328)
Hugh Capet
Robert II
Henry I
Philip I
Louis VI
Louis VII
Philip II
Louis VIII
Louis IX
Philip III
Philip IV
Louis X
John I
Philip V
Charles IV
House of Valois (1328–1589)
Philip VI
John II
Charles V
Charles VI
Charles VII
Louis XI
Charles VIII
Louis XII
Francis I
Henry II
Francis II
Charles IX
Henry III
House of Lancaster(1422–1453)
Henry VI of England
House of Bourbon (1589–1792)
Henry IV
Louis XIII
Louis XIV
Louis XV
Louis XVI
Louis XVII
First Republic (1792–1804)
National Convention
Directory
Consulate
First Empire (1804–1815)
Napoleon I
Napoleon II
Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)
Louis XVIII
Charles X
Louis XIX
Henry V
July Monarchy (1830–1848)
Louis Philippe I
Second Republic (1848–1852)
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure
Executive Commission
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
Second Empire (1852–1870)
Napoleon III
Government of National Defense (1870–1871)
Louis-Jules Trochu
Third Republic (1871–1940)
Adolphe Thiers
Patrice de Mac-Mahon
Jules Armand Dufaure*
Jules Grévy
Maurice Rouvier*
Sadi Carnot
Charles Dupuy*
Jean Casimir-Perier
Charles Dupuy*
Félix Faure
Charles Dupuy*
Émile Loubet
Armand Fallières
Raymond Poincaré
Paul Deschanel
Alexandre Millerand
Frédéric François-Marsal*
Gaston Doumergue
Paul Doumer
André Tardieu*
Albert Lebrun
Vichy France (1940–1944)
Philippe Pétain
Provisional Government (1944–1947)
Charles de Gaulle
Félix Gouin
Georges Bidault
Vincent Auriol
Léon Blum
Fourth Republic (1947–1958)
Vincent Auriol
René Coty
Fifth Republic (1958–present)
Charles de Gaulle
Alain Poher*
Georges Pompidou
Alain Poher*
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
François Mitterrand
Jacques Chirac
Nicolas Sarkozy
François Hollande
Emmanuel Macron
Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. Acting heads of state are denoted by an asterisk*. Millerand held the presidency in an acting capacity before being fully elected.
v
t
e
Heads of state of France
Detailed_monarch_family_tree_|_Simplified_monarch_family_tree">Styled President of the Republic after 1871, except from 1940 to 1944 (Chief of State) and 1944 to 1947 (Chairman of the Provisional Government). Detailed monarch family tree | Simplified monarch family tree
Carolingians, Robertians and Bosonids (751–987)
Charles II
Louis II
Louis III
Carloman II
Charles the Fat
OdoR
Charles III
Robert IR
RudolphB
Louis IV
Lothair
Louis V
House of Capet (987–1328)
Hugh Capet
Robert II
Henry I
Philip I
Louis VI
Louis VII
Philip II
Louis VIII
Louis IX
Philip III
Philip IV
Louis X
John I
Philip V
Charles IV
House of Valois (1328–1589)
Philip VI
John II
Charles V
Charles VI
Charles VII
Louis XI
Charles VIII
Louis XII
Francis I
Henry II
Francis II
Charles IX
Henry III
House of Lancaster(1422–1453)
Henry VI of England
House of Bourbon (1589–1792)
Henry IV
Louis XIII
Louis XIV
Louis XV
Louis XVI
Louis XVII
First Republic (1792–1804)
National Convention
Directory
Consulate
First Empire (1804–1815)
Napoleon I
Napoleon II
Bourbon Restoration (1815–1830)
Louis XVIII
Charles X
Louis XIX
Henry V
July Monarchy (1830–1848)
Louis Philippe I
Second Republic (1848–1852)
Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure
Executive Commission
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
Second Empire (1852–1870)
Napoleon III
Government of National Defense (1870–1871)
Louis-Jules Trochu
Third Republic (1871–1940)
Adolphe Thiers
Patrice de Mac-Mahon
Jules Armand Dufaure*
Jules Grévy
Maurice Rouvier*
Sadi Carnot
Charles Dupuy*
Jean Casimir-Perier
Charles Dupuy*
Félix Faure
Charles Dupuy*
Émile Loubet
Armand Fallières
Raymond Poincaré
Paul Deschanel
Alexandre Millerand
Frédéric François-Marsal*
Gaston Doumergue
Paul Doumer
André Tardieu*
Albert Lebrun
Vichy France (1940–1944)
Philippe Pétain
Provisional Government (1944–1947)
Charles de Gaulle
Félix Gouin
Georges Bidault
Vincent Auriol
Léon Blum
Fourth Republic (1947–1958)
Vincent Auriol
René Coty
Fifth Republic (1958–present)
Charles de Gaulle
Alain Poher*
Georges Pompidou
Alain Poher*
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
François Mitterrand
Jacques Chirac
Nicolas Sarkozy
François Hollande
Emmanuel Macron
Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. Acting heads of state are denoted by an asterisk*. Millerand held the presidency in an acting capacity before being fully elected.
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP A coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock Gabbro Photomicrograph of a thin section of gabbro Gabbro ( / ˈ ɡ æ b r oʊ / ) is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro is chemically equivalent to rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term "gabbro" may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic". Contents 1 Etymology 2 Petrology 3 Distribution 4 Uses 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Etymology The term "gabbro" was used in the 1760s to name a set of rock types that were found in the ophiolites of the Apenn
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP 
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Louis II. of France". Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 34. 
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Louis II. of France". Encyclopædia Britannica. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 34.
