84th United States Congress

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84th United States Congress


83rd ←

→ 85th


USCapitol1956.jpg

United States Capitol (1956)

January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1957
Senate President
Richard Nixon (R)
Senate Pres. pro tem
Walter F. George (D)
House Speaker
Sam Rayburn (D)
Members96 senators
435 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityDemocratic
House MajorityDemocratic
Sessions

1st: January 5, 1955 – August 2, 1955
2nd: January 3, 1956 – July 27, 1956

The Eighty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1955, to January 3, 1957, during the third and fourth years of Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventeenth Census of the United States in 1950. Both chambers had a Democratic majority. It is the earliest Congress with a surviving member, former Michigan Representative John Dingell. Members of the first eighty-three Congresses are all deceased.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Party summary

    • 3.1 Senate


    • 3.2 House of Representatives



  • 4 Leadership

    • 4.1 Senate

      • 4.1.1 Majority (Democratic) leadership


      • 4.1.2 Minority (Republican) leadership



    • 4.2 House of Representatives

      • 4.2.1 Majority (Democratic) leadership


      • 4.2.2 Minority (Republican) leadership




  • 5 Caucuses


  • 6 Members

    • 6.1 Senate

      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arizona


      • 6.1.3 Arkansas


      • 6.1.4 California


      • 6.1.5 Colorado


      • 6.1.6 Connecticut


      • 6.1.7 Delaware


      • 6.1.8 Florida


      • 6.1.9 Georgia


      • 6.1.10 Idaho


      • 6.1.11 Illinois


      • 6.1.12 Indiana


      • 6.1.13 Iowa


      • 6.1.14 Kansas


      • 6.1.15 Kentucky


      • 6.1.16 Louisiana


      • 6.1.17 Maine


      • 6.1.18 Maryland


      • 6.1.19 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.20 Michigan


      • 6.1.21 Minnesota


      • 6.1.22 Mississippi


      • 6.1.23 Missouri


      • 6.1.24 Montana


      • 6.1.25 Nebraska


      • 6.1.26 Nevada


      • 6.1.27 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.28 New Jersey


      • 6.1.29 New Mexico


      • 6.1.30 New York


      • 6.1.31 North Carolina


      • 6.1.32 North Dakota


      • 6.1.33 Ohio


      • 6.1.34 Oklahoma


      • 6.1.35 Oregon


      • 6.1.36 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.37 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.38 South Carolina


      • 6.1.39 South Dakota


      • 6.1.40 Tennessee


      • 6.1.41 Texas


      • 6.1.42 Utah


      • 6.1.43 Vermont


      • 6.1.44 Virginia


      • 6.1.45 Washington


      • 6.1.46 West Virginia


      • 6.1.47 Wisconsin


      • 6.1.48 Wyoming



    • 6.2 House of Representatives

      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arizona


      • 6.2.3 Arkansas


      • 6.2.4 California


      • 6.2.5 Colorado


      • 6.2.6 Connecticut


      • 6.2.7 Delaware


      • 6.2.8 Florida


      • 6.2.9 Georgia


      • 6.2.10 Idaho


      • 6.2.11 Illinois


      • 6.2.12 Indiana


      • 6.2.13 Iowa


      • 6.2.14 Kansas


      • 6.2.15 Kentucky


      • 6.2.16 Louisiana


      • 6.2.17 Maine


      • 6.2.18 Maryland


      • 6.2.19 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.20 Michigan


      • 6.2.21 Minnesota


      • 6.2.22 Mississippi


      • 6.2.23 Missouri


      • 6.2.24 Montana


      • 6.2.25 Nebraska


      • 6.2.26 Nevada


      • 6.2.27 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.28 New Jersey


      • 6.2.29 New Mexico


      • 6.2.30 New York


      • 6.2.31 North Carolina


      • 6.2.32 North Dakota


      • 6.2.33 Ohio


      • 6.2.34 Oklahoma


      • 6.2.35 Oregon


      • 6.2.36 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.37 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.38 South Carolina


      • 6.2.39 South Dakota


      • 6.2.40 Tennessee


      • 6.2.41 Texas


      • 6.2.42 Utah


      • 6.2.43 Vermont


      • 6.2.44 Virginia


      • 6.2.45 Washington


      • 6.2.46 West Virginia


      • 6.2.47 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.48 Wyoming


      • 6.2.49 Non-voting members




  • 7 Changes in membership

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives



  • 8 Committees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees



  • 9 Employees and legislative agency directors

    • 9.1 Legislative branch agency directors


    • 9.2 Senate


    • 9.3 House of Representatives



  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links




Major events



  • January 28, 1955: Congress authorized the President to use force to protect Taiwan from the People's Republic of China

  • February 10, 1955: The United States Navy helped the Republic of China evacuate Chinese Nationalist army and residents from the Tachen Islands to Taiwan.

  • February 12, 1955: President Eisenhower sent the first U.S. advisers to South Vietnam.

  • September 24, 1955: President Eisenhower suffered a coronary thrombosis.

  • November 5, 1955: Racial segregation was forbidden on trains and buses in U.S. interstate commerce.

  • December 1, 1955: Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on the bus to a white person.

  • December 5, 1955: The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations merged to become the AFL-CIO.

  • March 12, 1956: 96 Congressmen signed the Southern Manifesto, a protest against the 1954 Supreme Court ruling (Brown v. Board of Education) desegregating public education.

  • November 6, 1956: United States elections, 1956:

    • United States presidential election, 1956: Republican incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower defeated Democratic challenger Adlai E. Stevenson in a rematch of their contest four years earlier.


    • United States Senate elections, 1956: The party balance of the chamber remained unchanged as Republican and Democratic gains cancelled each other.


    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1956: Republicans lost a net of two seats to the majority Democrats.



Major legislation



  • January 29, 1955: Formosa Resolution

  • March 31, 1955: Career Incentive Act

  • June 28, 1955: Flood Control and Coastal Emergency Act, Pub.L. 84–99, 69 Stat. 194

  • July 11, 1955: To provide that all United States currency shall bear the inscription "In God We Trust", Pub.L. 84–140, 69 Stat. 290, 31 U.S.C. § 5114(b)

  • July 14, 1955: Air Pollution Control Act, Pub.L. 84–159, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322

  • July 23, 1955: Multiple Surface Use Mining Act, Pub.L. 94–167, ch. 730, 68 Stat. 708

  • August 9, 1955: Reserve Forces Act, Pub.L. 84–305, 69 Stat. 598

  • August 11, 1955: National Housing Act ("Capehart Act"), Pub.L. 84–345, 69 Stat. 646

  • August 12, 1955: Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Act, Pub.L. 84–377, ch. 863, 69 Stat. 704

  • June 29, 1956: Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, (National Interstate and Defense Highways Act), Pub.L. 84–627

  • July 30, 1956: Health Research Facilities Act, Pub.L. 84–835, ch. 779, 70 Stat. 717

  • August 8, 1956: Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, ch. 1036, 70 Stat. 1119, 16 U.S.C. § 742a


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate



















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Independent
(I)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

47

1

48
96
0

Begin

48

1

47

96
0
End 47 0 49
Final voting share 7001490000000000000♠49.0% 5000000000000000000♠0.0% 7001510000000000000♠51.0%
Beginning of the next congress

49

0

47
96
0


House of Representatives



  • Democratic: 232 (majority)


  • Republican: 203

TOTAL: 435



Leadership



Senate




Senate President
Richard Nixon (R)




Senate President pro tempore
Walter F. George (D)



  • President of the Senate: Richard Nixon (R)


  • President pro tempore: Walter F. George (D)


Majority (Democratic) leadership



  • Majority Leader and Democratic Conference chairman: Lyndon B. Johnson


  • Majority Whip: Earle C. Clements


  • Caucus Secretary: Thomas C. Hennings Jr.


Minority (Republican) leadership



  • Minority Leader: William F. Knowland


  • Minority Whip: Leverett Saltonstall


  • Republican Conference chairman: Eugene Millikin


  • Republican Conference Secretary: Milton Young


  • National Senatorial Committee Chair: Barry Goldwater


  • Policy Committee Chairman: Styles Bridges


House of Representatives




Speaker of the House
Sam Rayburn (D)



  • Speaker: Sam Rayburn (D)


Majority (Democratic) leadership



  • Majority Leader: John William McCormack


  • Majority Whip: Carl Albert


  • Democratic Caucus chairman: John J. Rooney


  • Caucus Secretary: Edna F. Kelly


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Michael J. Kirwan


Minority (Republican) leadership



  • Minority Leader: Joseph William Martin, Jr.


  • Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends


  • Republican Conference chairman: Clifford R. Hope


Caucuses


  • House Democratic Caucus

  • Senate Democratic Caucus


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state.



Senate


Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1958; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1960; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1956.










House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.



Senate


  • Replacements: 3

    • Democratic: 1 net loss


    • Independent Democratic: 1 net loss


    • Republican: 2 net gain


  • Deaths: 2

  • Resignations: 1

  • Interim appointments: 3

  • Total seats with changes: 3










































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Oregon
(3)

Wayne Morse (I)
Changed Political Parties April 30, 1955

Wayne Morse (D)
April 30, 1955

West Virginia
(1)

Harley M. Kilgore (D)
Died February 28, 1956

William R. Laird, III (D)
March 13, 1956

South Carolina
(2)

Strom Thurmond (ID)
Resigned April 4, 1956, to trigger a contested primary as promised to voters

Thomas A. Wofford (D)
April 5, 1956

Kentucky
(2)

Alben W. Barkley (D)
Died April 30, 1956

Robert Humphreys (D)
June 21, 1956

Kentucky
(2)

Robert Humphreys (D)
Successor elected November 6, 1956

John S. Cooper (R)
November 7, 1956

South Carolina
(2)

Thomas A. Wofford (D)
Successor elected November 6, 1956

Strom Thurmond (D)
November 7, 1956

West Virginia
(1)

William R. Laird, III (D)
Successor elected November 6, 1956

W. Chapman Revercomb (R)
November 7, 1956


House of Representatives


  • Replacements: 5

    • Democratic: no net change


    • Republican: no net change


  • Deaths: 9

  • Resignations: 3

  • Total seats with changes: 12





































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Florida 6th
Vacant
Rep. Dwight L. Rogers died during previous congress

Paul Rogers (D)
January 4, 1955

Michigan 15th

John D. Dingell, Sr. (D)
Died September 19, 1955

John Dingell (D)
December 13, 1955

Pennsylvania 30th

Vera Buchanan (D)
Died November 26, 1955

Elmer J. Holland (D)
January 24, 1956

New York 22nd

Sidney A. Fine (D)
Resigned January 2, 1956

James C. Healey (D)
February 7, 1956

Illinois 14th

Chauncey W. Reed (R)
Died February 9, 1956
Vacant
Not filled this term

Pennsylvania 2nd

William T. Granahan (D)
Died May 25, 1956

Kathryn E. Granahan (D)
November 6, 1956

California 20th

J. Carl Hinshaw (R)
Died August 5, 1956
Vacant
Not filled this term

Tennessee 5th

Percy Priest (D)
Died October 12, 1956
Vacant
Not filled this term

New Mexico At-large

Antonio M. Fernández (D)
Died November 7, 1956
Vacant
Not filled this term

New Jersey 2nd

T. Millet Hand (R)
Died December 26, 1956
Vacant
Not filled this term

New York 19th

Arthur G. Klein (D)
Resigned December 31, 1956, after being elected to the New York Supreme Court
Vacant
Not filled this term

New York 20th

Irwin D. Davidson (DL)
Resigned December 31, 1956
Vacant
Not filled this term


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (2 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate


  • Agriculture and Forestry

  • Appropriations

  • Banking and Currency


  • Contribution Investigation (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations


  • Foreign Aid Program (Special)

  • Government Operations

  • Interior and Insular Affairs

  • Interstate and Foreign Commerce

  • Judiciary

  • Labor and Public Welfare


  • Political Activities, Lobbying and Campaign Contributions (Special)

  • Post Office and Civil Service

  • Public Works


  • Senate Reception Room (Special)


  • Small Business (Select)

  • Subcommittee on Internal Security

  • Whole


House of Representatives


  • Agriculture

  • Appropriations

  • Banking and Currency


  • Benefits for Dependents of Armed Services Veterans (Select)

  • Defense Production

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Foreign Affairs

  • House Administration

  • Government Operations

  • Interior and Insular Affairs

  • Merchant Marine and Fisheries

  • Post Office and Civil Service

  • Public Works

  • Rules


  • Small Business (Select)

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Un-American Activities

  • Veterans' Affairs

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole


Joint committees


  • Atomic Energy


  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Construction of a Building for a Museum of History and Technology for the Smithsonian

  • Defense Production

  • Disposition of Executive Papers

  • Economic

  • Immigration and Nationality Policy

  • Legislative Budget

  • The Library

  • Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration

  • Printing

  • Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures

  • Taxation


Employees and legislative agency directors



Legislative branch agency directors



  • Architect of the Capitol: J. George Stewart, appointed October 1, 1954


  • Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver


  • Comptroller General of the United States: Joseph Campbell


  • Librarian of Congress: Lawrence Quincy Mumford


  • Public Printer of the United States: Raymond Blattenberger


Senate



  • Chaplain: Frederick Brown Harris, Methodist


  • Parliamentarian: Charles Watkins


  • Secretary: Felton McLellan Johnston


  • Sergeant at Arms: Joseph C. Duke


House of Representatives



  • Clerk: Ralph R. Roberts of Indiana


  • Sergeant at Arms: Zeake W. Johnson, Jr. of Tennessee, elected January 5, 1955


  • Doorkeeper: William M. Miller of Mississippi, elected January 5, 1955


  • Postmaster: H. H. Morris of Kentucky, elected January 5, 1955


  • Messenger to the Speaker: Lewis Deschler


  • Reading Clerks: Joe Bartlett (starting 1955) (R) and N/A (D)


  • Chaplain: Bernard Braskamp (Presbyterian)


See also



  • United States elections, 1954 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1954

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1954



  • United States elections, 1956 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1956

    • United States Senate elections, 1956

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1956



References





  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 84th Congress (PDF).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 84th Congress, 1st Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 84th Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Pocket Congressional Directory for the 84th Congress.







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