Xrthnty

36th United States Congress
	; ; 35th ←; → 37th; ;
	; ; United States Capitol (1860);
March 4, 1859 – March 4, 1861
Senate President	; John C. Breckinridge (D)
Senate Pres. pro tem	; Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D); Jesse D. Bright (D); Solomon Foot (R)
House Speaker	; William Pennington (R)
Members	66 senators; 238 representatives; 5 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	; Democratic Party ; Republican Party;
House Majority	; Republican-led coalition;
Sessions
	; Special: March 4, 1859 – March 10, 1859; 1st: December 5, 1859 – June 26, 1860; Special: June 26, 1860 – June 28, 1860; 2nd: December 3, 1860 – March 4, 1861

The Thirty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1859, to March 4, 1861, during the third and fourth years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. The Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Republican plurality.

8 Members
- 8.1 Senate
  - 8.1.1 Alabama
  - 8.1.2 Arkansas
  - 8.1.3 California
  - 8.1.4 Connecticut
  - 8.1.5 Delaware
  - 8.1.6 Florida
  - 8.1.7 Georgia
  - 8.1.8 Illinois
  - 8.1.9 Indiana
  - 8.1.10 Iowa
  - 8.1.11 Kansas
  - 8.1.12 Kentucky
  - 8.1.13 Louisiana
  - 8.1.14 Maine
  - 8.1.15 Maryland
  - 8.1.16 Massachusetts
  - 8.1.17 Michigan
  - 8.1.18 Minnesota
  - 8.1.19 Mississippi
  - 8.1.20 Missouri
  - 8.1.21 New Hampshire
  - 8.1.22 New Jersey
  - 8.1.23 New York
  - 8.1.24 North Carolina
  - 8.1.25 Ohio
  - 8.1.26 Oregon
  - 8.1.27 Pennsylvania
  - 8.1.28 Rhode Island
  - 8.1.29 South Carolina
  - 8.1.30 Tennessee
  - 8.1.31 Texas
  - 8.1.32 Vermont
  - 8.1.33 Virginia
  - 8.1.34 Wisconsin
- 8.2 House of Representatives
  - 8.2.1 Alabama
  - 8.2.2 Arkansas
  - 8.2.3 California
  - 8.2.4 Connecticut
  - 8.2.5 Delaware
  - 8.2.6 Florida
  - 8.2.7 Georgia
  - 8.2.8 Illinois
  - 8.2.9 Indiana
  - 8.2.10 Iowa
  - 8.2.11 Kansas
  - 8.2.12 Kentucky
  - 8.2.13 Louisiana
  - 8.2.14 Maine
  - 8.2.15 Maryland
  - 8.2.16 Massachusetts
  - 8.2.17 Michigan
  - 8.2.18 Minnesota
  - 8.2.19 Mississippi
  - 8.2.20 Missouri
  - 8.2.21 New Hampshire
  - 8.2.22 New Jersey
  - 8.2.23 New York
  - 8.2.24 North Carolina
  - 8.2.25 Ohio
  - 8.2.26 Oregon
  - 8.2.27 Pennsylvania
  - 8.2.28 Rhode Island
  - 8.2.29 South Carolina
  - 8.2.30 Tennessee
  - 8.2.31 Texas
  - 8.2.32 Vermont
  - 8.2.33 Virginia
  - 8.2.34 Wisconsin
  - 8.2.35 Non-voting members

9 Changes in membership
- 9.1 Senate
- 9.2 House of Representatives

10 Committees
- 10.1 Senate
- 10.2 House of Representatives
- 10.3 Joint committees

11 Caucuses

12 Employees
- 12.1 Senate
- 12.2 House of Representatives

13 See also

14 Notes

15 References

16 External links

Major events

June 8, 1859: Comstock Lode discovered in the western Utah Territory (present-day Nevada)

August 27, 1859: First oil well was drilled in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania

October 16–18, 1859: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry began

December 2, 1859 John Brown executed.

April 3, 1860: Pony Express began its first run

April 23 – May 3, 1860: Democratic National Convention held in Charleston, South Carolina.^[1] Unable to agree on a nominee, the delegates voted to reconvene in June.^[2]

May 9, 1860: Constitutional Union Party National Convention held in Baltimore, Maryland, nominating John Bell for President.^[3]

May 18, 1860: Republican National Convention held in Chicago, Illinois, nominating Abraham Lincoln for President.

June 18–23, 1860: Democratic Party reconvened in Baltimore, Maryland, nominating Stephen A. Douglas for President.^[2]

June 26–28, 1860: Southern Democrats held a convention in Richmond, Virginia, nominating John C. Breckinridge for President.^[2]

November 6, 1860: U.S. presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beat John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell.

December 20, 1860: South Carolina Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession^[4]^[5]

January 3, 1861: Delaware Secession Convention voted not to secede from the Union^[6]

January 9, 1861: Mississippi Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession^[7]^[5]

January 10, 1861: Florida Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession^[8]^[5]

January 11, 1861: Alabama Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession^[9]^[5]

January 18, 1861: Georgia Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession^[10]^[5]

January 26, 1861: Louisiana Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession^[11]^[5]

January 29, 1861. Kansas admitted to the Union as a free state.

February 1, 1861: Texas Secession Convention enacted an Ordinance of Secession^[12]^[5]

February 23, 1861: The people of Texas ratified its Ordinance of Secession^[12] President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington, D.C. after an assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland.

Major legislation

June 16, 1860: Pacific Telegraph Act of 1860, ch. 147, 12 Stat. 41

March 2, 1861: Morrill Tariff, ch. 68, 12 Stat. 178

December 18, 1860 (introduced): Crittenden Compromise, rejected by the House of Representatives and the Senate

Constitutional amendments

March 2, 1861: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would shield "domestic institutions" of the states (which in 1861 included slavery) from the constitutional amendment process and from abolition or interference by Congress, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification 12 Stat. 251
- This amendment, commonly known as the Corwin Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.

Treaties

March 8, 1859: Quinault Treaty ratified, 12 Stat. 927

March 8, 1859: Point No Point Treaty ratified, 12 Stat. 933

States admitted and territories organized

January 29, 1861: Kansas admitted as a state, ch. 20, 12 Stat. 126

February 28, 1861: Colorado Territory organized, ch. 59, 12 Stat. 172

March 2, 1861: Nevada Territory organized, ch. 83, 12 Stat. 209

March 2, 1861: Dakota Territory organized, ch. 86, 12 Stat. 239

Party summary

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)				Total	Vacant

	American (A)	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)	Other
End of the previous congress	19	25	22	0	66	0

Begin	2	38	25	0	65	1
End	2	25	26	0	53	15
Final voting share	7000380000000000000♠3.8%	7001472000000000000♠47.2%	7001491000000000000♠49.1%	5000000000000000000♠0.0%

Beginning of the next congress	0	22	29	1 (Unionist)	52	16

House of Representatives

Affiliation	Party (Shading indicates plurality, then majority, caucus)							Total

	American (A)	Democratic (D)	Anti-Lecompton Democratic (ALD)	Independent Democratic (ID)	Republican (R)	Opposition (O)	Other		Vacant
End of previous Congress	14	130	0	1	92	0	0	237	0

Begin	6	84	8	7	113	17	0	235	2
End	5	58	7	7	116	16	0	209	29
Final voting share	2.4%	27.8%	3.3%	3.3%	55.5%	7.7%	0.0%

Beginning of next Congress	0	44	0	1	108	0	(Unionist + Constitutional Unionist) 25	178	62

Leadership

President of the Senate
John C. Breckinridge

Senate

President: John C. Breckinridge (D)

President pro tempore: Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), until February 26, 1860
- Jesse D. Bright (D), June 12–13, 1860
- Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), June 26, 1860 – December 2, 1860
- Solomon Foot (R), elected February 16, 1861

House of Representatives

Speaker: William Pennington (R), elected February 1, 1860

Democratic Caucus Chairman: George S. Houston

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1860.

Alabama

2. Clement C. Clay, Jr. (D), until January 21, 1861

3. Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), until January 21, 1861

Arkansas

2. William K. Sebastian (D)

3. Robert W. Johnson (D)

California

1. David C. Broderick (D), until September 16, 1859
- Henry P. Haun (D), November 3, 1859 – March 4, 1860
- Milton Latham (D), from March 5, 1860

3. William M. Gwin (D)

Connecticut

1. James Dixon (R)

3. Lafayette S. Foster (R)

Delaware

1. James A. Bayard, Jr. (D)

2. Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (D)

Florida

1. Stephen Mallory (D), until January 21, 1861

3. David Levy Yulee (D), until January 21, 1861

Georgia

2. Robert Toombs (D), until February 4, 1861

3. Alfred Iverson, Sr. (D), until January 28, 1861

Illinois

2. Stephen A. Douglas (D)

3. Lyman Trumbull (R)

Indiana

1. Jesse D. Bright (D)

3. Graham N. Fitch (D)

Iowa

2. James W. Grimes (R)

3. James Harlan (R)

Kansas

2. Vacant from January 29, 1861 (newly admitted state)

3. Vacant from January 29, 1861 (newly admitted state)

Kentucky

2. Lazarus W. Powell (D)

3. John J. Crittenden (A)

Louisiana

2. Judah P. Benjamin (D), until February 4, 1861

3. John Slidell (D), until February 4, 1861

Maine

1. Hannibal Hamlin (R), until January 17, 1861
- Lot M. Morrill (R), from January 17, 1861

2. William Pitt Fessenden (R)

Maryland

1. Anthony Kennedy (A)

3. James Pearce (D)

Massachusetts

1. Charles Sumner (R)

2. Henry Wilson (R)

Michigan

1. Zachariah Chandler (R)

2. Kinsley S. Bingham (R)

Minnesota

1. Henry M. Rice (D)

2. Morton S. Wilkinson (R)

Mississippi

1. Jefferson Davis (D), until January 21, 1861

2. Albert G. Brown (D), until January 12, 1861

Missouri

1. Trusten Polk (D)

3. James S. Green (D)

New Hampshire

2. John P. Hale (R)

3. Daniel Clark (R)

New Jersey

1. John R. Thomson (D)

2. John C. Ten Eyck (R)

New York

1. Preston King (R)

3. William H. Seward (R)

North Carolina

2. Thomas Bragg (D)

3. Thomas L. Clingman (D)

Ohio

1. Benjamin Wade (R)

3. George E. Pugh (D)

Oregon

2. Edward D. Baker (R), from October 2, 1860

3. Joseph Lane (D)

Pennsylvania

1. Simon Cameron (R)

3. William Bigler (D)

Rhode Island

1. James F. Simmons (R)

2. Henry B. Anthony (R)

South Carolina

2. James Chesnut, Jr. (D), until November 10, 1860

3. James H. Hammond (D), until November 11, 1860

Tennessee

1. Andrew Johnson (D)

2. Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D), until March 3, 1861

Texas

1. Matthias Ward (D), until December 5, 1859
- Louis Wigfall (D), from December 5, 1859

2. John Hemphill (D)

Vermont

1. Solomon Foot (R)

3. Jacob Collamer (R)

Virginia

1. James M. Mason (D)

2. Robert M. T. Hunter (D)

Wisconsin

1. James R. Doolittle (R)

3. Charles Durkee (R)

President pro tempore
Benjamin Fitzpatrick,
until February 26, 1860
June 26, 1860 – December 2, 1860

President pro tempore
Jesse D. Bright,
June 12, 1860 – June 13, 1860

President pro tempore
Solomon Foot,
from February 16, 1861

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Alabama

1. James A. Stallworth (D), until January 21, 1861

2. James L. Pugh (D), until January 21, 1861

3. David Clopton (D), until January 21, 1861

4. Sydenham Moore (D), until January 21, 1861

5. George S. Houston (D), until January 21, 1861

6. Williamson R. W. Cobb (D), until January 30, 1861

7. Jabez L. M. Curry (D), until January 21, 1861

Arkansas

1. Thomas C. Hindman (D)

2. Albert Rust (D)

California

At-large. John C. Burch (D)

At-large. Charles L. Scott (D)

Connecticut

1. Dwight Loomis (R)

2. John Woodruff (R)

3. Alfred A. Burnham (R)

4. Orris S. Ferry (R)

Delaware

At-large. William G. Whiteley (D)

Florida

At-large. George S. Hawkins (D), until January 21, 1861

Georgia

1. Peter E. Love (D), until January 23, 1861

2. Martin J. Crawford (D), until January 23, 1861

3. Thomas Hardeman, Jr. (O), until January 23, 1861

4. Lucius J. Gartrell (D), until January 23, 1861

5. John W. H. Underwood (D), until January 23, 1861

6. James Jackson (D), until January 23, 1861

7. Joshua Hill (KN), until January 23, 1861

8. John J. Jones (D), until January 23, 1861

Illinois

1. Elihu B. Washburne (R)

2. John F. Farnsworth (R)

3. Owen Lovejoy (R)

4. William Kellogg (R)

5. Isaac N. Morris (D)

6. John A. McClernand (D), from November 8, 1859

7. James C. Robinson (D)

8. Philip B. Fouke (D)

9. John A. Logan (D)

Indiana

1. William E. Niblack (D)

2. William H. English (D)

3. William McKee Dunn (R)

4. William S. Holman (D)

5. David Kilgore (R)

6. Albert G. Porter (R)

7. John G. Davis (ALD)

8. James Wilson (R)

9. Schuyler Colfax (R)

10. Charles Case (R)

11. John U. Pettit (R)

Iowa

1. Samuel Curtis (R)

2. William Vandever (R)

Kansas

At-large. Martin F. Conway (R), from January 29, 1861 (newly admitted state)

Kentucky

1. Henry C. Burnett (D)

2. Samuel O. Peyton (D)

3. Francis Bristow (O)

4. William C. Anderson (O)

5. John Y. Brown (D), from December 3, 1860

6. Green Adams (O)

7. Robert Mallory (O)

8. William E. Simms (D)

9. Laban T. Moore (O)

10. John W. Stevenson (D)

Louisiana

1. John E. Bouligny (A)

2. Miles Taylor (D), until February 5, 1861

3. Thomas G. Davidson (D)

4. John M. Landrum (D)

Maine

1. Daniel E. Somes (R)

2. John J. Perry (R)

3. Ezra B. French (R)

4. Freeman H. Morse (R)

5. Israel Washburn, Jr. (R), until January 1, 1861
- Stephen Coburn (R), from January 2, 1861

6. Stephen C. Foster (R)

Maryland

1. James A. Stewart (D)

2. Edwin H. Webster (A)

3. J. Morrison Harris (A)

4. Henry Winter Davis (A)

5. Jacob M. Kunkel (D)

6. George W. Hughes (D)

Massachusetts

1. Thomas D. Eliot (R)

2. James Buffington (R)

3. Charles F. Adams, Sr. (R)

4. Alexander H. Rice (R)

5. Anson Burlingame (R)

6. John B. Alley (R)

7. Daniel W. Gooch (R)

8. Charles R. Train (R)

9. Eli Thayer (R)

10. Charles Delano (R)

11. Henry L. Dawes (R)

Michigan

1. George B. Cooper (D), until May 15, 1860
- William A. Howard (R), from May 15, 1860

2. Henry Waldron (R)

3. Francis W. Kellogg (R)

4. Dewitt C. Leach (R)

Minnesota

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(2 Republicans)

At-large. Cyrus Aldrich (R)

At-large. William Windom (R)

Mississippi

1. Lucius Q. C. Lamar (D), until December ????, 1860

2. Reuben Davis (D), until January 12, 1861

3. William Barksdale (D), until January 12, 1861

4. Otho R. Singleton (D), until January 12, 1861

5. John J. McRae (D), until January 12, 1861

Missouri

1. John R. Barret (D), until June 8, 1860
- Francis P. Blair, Jr. (R), June 8, 1860 – June 25, 1860
- John R. Barret (D), from December 3, 1860

2. Thomas L. Anderson (ID)

3. John B. Clark (D)

4. James Craig (D)

5. Samuel H. Woodson (A)

6. John S. Phelps (D)

7. John W. Noell (D)

New Hampshire

1. Gilman Marston (R)

2. Mason Tappan (R)

3. Thomas M. Edwards (R)

New Jersey

1. John T. Nixon (R)

2. John L. N. Stratton (R)

3. Garnett Adrain (ALD)

4. Jetur R. Riggs (ALD)

5. William Pennington (R)

New York

1. Luther C. Carter (R)

2. James Humphrey (R)

3. Daniel Sickles (D)

4. Thomas J. Barr (ID)

5. William B. Maclay (D)

6. John Cochrane (D)

7. George Briggs (R)

8. Horace F. Clark (ALD)

9. John B. Haskin (ALD)

10. Charles Van Wyck (R)

11. William S. Kenyon (R)

12. Charles L. Beale (R)

13. Abram B. Olin (R)

14. John H. Reynolds (ALD)

15. James B. McKean (R)

16. George W. Palmer (R)

17. Francis E. Spinner (R)

18. Clark B. Cochrane (R)

19. James H. Graham (R)

20. Roscoe Conkling (R)

21. R. Holland Duell (R)

22. M. Lindley Lee (R)

23. Charles B. Hoard (R)

24. Charles B. Sedgwick (R)

25. Martin Butterfield (R)

26. Emory B. Pottle (R)

27. Alfred Wells (R)

28. William Irvine (R)

29. Alfred Ely (R)

30. Augustus Frank (R)

31. Silas M. Burroughs (R), until June 3, 1860
- Edwin R. Reynolds (R), from December 5, 1860

32. Elbridge G. Spaulding (R)

33. Reuben Fenton (R)

North Carolina

1. William N. H. Smith (O)

2. Thomas Ruffin (D)

3. Warren Winslow (D)

4. Lawrence O'Bryan Branch (D)

5. John Gilmer (O)

6. James Leach (O)

7. F. Burton Craige (D)

8. Zebulon Vance (D)

Ohio

1. George H. Pendleton (D)

2. John A. Gurley (R)

3. Clement Vallandigham (D)

4. William Allen (D)

5. James Ashley (R)

6. William Howard (D)

7. Thomas Corwin (R)

8. Benjamin Stanton (R)

9. John Carey (R)

10. Carey A. Trimble (R)

11. Charles D. Martin (D)

12. Samuel S. Cox (D)

13. John Sherman (R)

14. Cyrus Spink (R), until May 31, 1859
- Harrison G. O. Blake (R), from October 11, 1859

15. William Helmick (R)

16. Cydnor B. Tompkins (R)

17. Thomas C. Theaker (R)

18. Sidney Edgerton (R)

19. Edward Wade (R)

20. John Hutchins (R)

21. John Bingham (R)

Oregon

At-large. Lansing Stout (D)

Pennsylvania

1. Thomas B. Florence (D)

2. Edward Joy Morris (R)

3. John P. Verree (R)

4. William Millward (R)

5. John Wood (R)

6. John Hickman (ALD)

7. Henry C. Longnecker (R)

8. John Schwartz (ALD), until June 20, 1860
- Jacob K. McKenty (D), from December 3, 1860

9. Thaddeus Stevens (R)

10. John W. Killinger (R)

11. James H. Campbell (R)

12. George W. Scranton (R)

13. William H. Dimmick (D)

14. Galusha A. Grow (R)

15. James T. Hale (R)

16. Benjamin F. Junkin (R)

17. Edward McPherson (R)

18. Samuel S. Blair (R)

19. John Covode (R)

20. William Montgomery (D)

21. James K. Moorhead (R)

22. Robert McKnight (R)

23. William Stewart (R)

24. Chapin Hall (R)

25. Elijah Babbitt (R)

Rhode Island

1. Christopher Robinson (R)

2. William D. Brayton (R)

South Carolina

1. John McQueen (D), until December 21, 1860

2. William P. Miles (D), until December 21, 1860

3. Laurence M. Keitt (D), until December 1860

4. Milledge L. Bonham (D), until December 21, 1860

5. John D. Ashmore (D), until December 21, 1860

6. William W. Boyce (D), until December 21, 1860

Tennessee

1. Thomas A. R. Nelson (O)

2. Horace Maynard (O)

3. Reese B. Brabson (O)

4. William B. Stokes (O)

5. Robert H. Hatton (O)

6. James H. Thomas (D)

7. John V. Wright (D)

8. James M. Quarles (O)

9. Emerson Etheridge (O)

10. William T. Avery (D)

Texas

1. John H. Reagan (D)

2. Andrew J. Hamilton (ID)

Vermont

1. Eliakim P. Walton (R)

2. Justin S. Morrill (R)

3. Homer E. Royce (R)

Virginia

1. Muscoe R. H. Garnett (D)

2. John S. Millson (D)

3. Daniel C. De Jarnette (ID)

4. William Goode (D), until July 3, 1859
- Roger A. Pryor (D), from December 7, 1859

5. Thomas S. Bocock (D)

6. Shelton Leake (ID)

7. William Smith (D)

8. Alexander Boteler (O)

9. John T. Harris (ID)

10. Sherrard Clemens (D)

11. Albert G. Jenkins (D)

12. Henry A. Edmundson (D)

13. Elbert S. Martin (ID)

Wisconsin

1. John F. Potter (R)

2. Cadwallader C. Washburn (R)

3. Charles H. Larrabee (D)

Non-voting members

Kansas Territory. Marcus J. Parrott (R), until January 29, 1861

Nebraska Territory. Experience Estabrook, until May 18, 1860
- Samuel G. Daily (R), from May 18, 1860

New Mexico Territory. Miguel A. Otero (D)

Utah Territory. William H. Hooper (D)

Washington Territory. Isaac Stevens (D)

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% to 100% Democratic	80+% to 100% Republican
60+% to 80% Democratic	60+% to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

Speaker of the House
William Pennington

Group photo of the U.S. House of Representatives, in 1860, during this Congress.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Replacements: 4
- Democrats (D): no net change
- Republicans (R): no net change

Deaths: 1

Resignations: 1

Interim appointments: 1

Withdrawals: 13

Total seats with changes: 16

State (class)	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
Oregon (2)	Vacant	Successor elected late due to legislature's failure to elect.	Edward D. Baker (R)	October 2, 1860
California (1)	David C. Broderick (D)	Died September 16, 1859 Interim successor was appointed to continue the term.	Henry P. Haun (D)	November 3, 1859
Texas (1)	Matthias Ward (D)	Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term Successor elected December 5, 1859.	Louis Wigfall (D)	December 5, 1859
California (1)	Henry P. Haun (D)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term Successor elected March 5, 1860.	Milton Latham (D)	March 5, 1860
South Carolina (2)	James Chesnut, Jr. (D)	Withdrew November 10, 1860.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
South Carolina (3)	James H. Hammond (D)	Withdrew November 11, 1860.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Mississippi (2)	Albert G. Brown (D)	Withdrew January 12, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Maine (1)	Hannibal Hamlin (R)	Resigned January 17, 1861, to become Vice President of the United States. Successor elected January 17, 1861.	Lot M. Morrill (R)	January 17, 1861
Alabama (3)	Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Alabama (2)	Clement C. Clay (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Florida (1)	Stephen Mallory (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Florida (3)	David L. Yulee (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Mississippi (1)	Jefferson Davis (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Georgia (3)	Alfred Iverson, Sr. (D)	Withdrew January 28, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Kansas (2)	New seat	New state admitted to the Union January 29, 1861 Senator was not elected until the next Congress.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Kansas (3)	New seat	New state admitted to the Union January 29, 1861 Senator was not elected until the next Congress.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Georgia (2)	Robert Toombs (D)	Withdrew February 4, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Louisiana (2)	Judah P. Benjamin (D)	Withdrew February 4, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Louisiana (3)	John Slidell (D)	Withdrew February 4, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress
Tennessee (2)	Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D)	Withdrew March 3, 1861.	Vacant	Not filled this Congress

House of Representatives

Replacements: 7
- Democrats (D): no net change
- Republicans (R): 1 seat net loss
- Anti-Lecompton Democrats (LD): 1 seat net gain

Deaths: 4

Resignations: 3

Contested election: 1

Withdrawals: 28

Total seats with changes: 41

District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation
Illinois 6th	Vacant	Vacancy in term	John A. McClernand (D)	Seated November 8, 1859
Kentucky 5th	Vacant	Brown could not take seat because he had not yet attained age required by the US Constitution	John Y. Brown (D)	Seated December 3, 1860
Ohio 14th	Cyrus Spink (R)	Died May 31, 1859	Harrison G. O. Blake (R)	Seated October 11, 1859
Virginia 4th	William Goode (D)	Died July 3, 1859	Roger A. Pryor (D)	Seated December 7, 1859
Michigan 1st	George B. Cooper (D)	Lost contested election May 15, 1860	Francis P. Blair, Jr. (R)	Seated May 15, 1860
Nebraska Territory At-large	Experience Estabrook	Lost contested election May 18, 1860	Samuel G. Daily (R)	Seated May 18, 1860
New York 31st	Silas M. Burroughs (R)	Died June 3, 1860	Edwin R. Reynolds (R)	Seated December 5, 1860
Missouri 1st	John R. Barret (D)	Lost contested election June 8, 1860	William A. Howard (R)	Seated June 8, 1860
Pennsylvania 8th	John Schwartz (ALD)	Died June 20, 1860	Jacob K. McKenty (D)	Seated December 3, 1860
Missouri 1st	William A. Howard (R)	Resigned June 25, 1860	John R. Barret (R)	Seated December 3, 1860
Mississippi 1st	Lucius Q. C. Lamar II (D)	Retired December ???, 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term
South Carolina 3rd	Laurence M. Keitt (D)	Retired December ???, 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term
South Carolina 1st	John McQueen (D)	Retired December 21, 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term
South Carolina 2nd	William P. Miles (D)	Retired December 21, 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term
South Carolina 4th	Milledge L. Bonham (D)	Retired December 21, 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term
South Carolina 5th	John D. Ashmore (D)	Retired December 21, 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term
South Carolina 6th	William W. Boyce (D)	Retired December 21, 1860	Vacant	Not filled this term
Maine 5th	Israel Washburn, Jr. (R)	Resigned January 1, 1861, after being elected Governor of Maine	Stephen Coburn (R)	Seated January 2, 1861
Mississippi 2nd	Reuben Davis (D)	Withdrew January 12, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Mississippi 3rd	William Barksdale (D)	Withdrew January 12, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Mississippi 4th	Otho R. Singleton (D)	Withdrew January 12, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Mississippi 5th	John J. McRae (D)	Withdrew January 12, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Alabama 1st	James A. Stallworth (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Alabama 1st	James A. Stallworth (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Alabama 2nd	James L. Pugh (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Alabama 3rd	David Clopton (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Alabama 4th	Sydenham Moore (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Alabama 5th	George S. Houston (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Alabama 7th	Jabez L. M. Curry (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Florida At-large	George S. Hawkins (D)	Withdrew January 21, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Georgia 1st	Peter E. Love (D)	Retired January 23, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Georgia 2nd	Martin J. Crawford (D)	Withdrew January 23, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Georgia 3rd	Thomas Hardeman, Jr. (O)	Withdrew January 23, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Georgia 4th	Lucius J. Gartrell (D)	Retired January 23, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Georgia 5th	John W. H. Underwood (D)	Withdrew January 23, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Georgia 6th	James Jackson (D)	Retired January 23, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Georgia 7th	Joshua Hill (KN)	Resigned January 23, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Georgia 8th	John J. Jones (D)	Withdrew January 23, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Kansas Territory At-large	Marcus J. Parrott (R)	Kansas was admitted to the Union January 29, 1861	Seat eliminated
Kansas At-large	New Seat	Kansas was admitted to the Union January 29, 1861	Martin F. Conway (R)	Seated November 8, 1859
Alabama 6th	Williamson R. W. Cobb (D)	Withdrew January 30, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term
Louisiana 2nd	Miles Taylor (D)	Withdrew February 5, 1861	Vacant	Not filled this term

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

Alter and Improve Senate Chamber (Select)

Amendments to the Constitution (Select)

Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

Banks of the District of Columbia (Select)

Circulation of Bank Notes in the District of Columbia (Select)

Claims

Commerce

Comptroller William Medill (Select)

Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

District of Columbia

Duties of Imports (Select)

Finance

Foreign Relations

French Spoilations (Select)

Harpers Ferry Invasion (Select)

Indian Affairs

Judiciary

Memorial of Houmas Lands Settlers (Select)

Military Affairs

Naval Affairs

Ordnance and War Ships (Select)

Pacific Railroad (Select)

Patents and the Patent Office

Pensions

Post Office and Post Roads

Printing

Public Printing Investigation (Select)

Private Land Claims

Public Lands

Retrenchment

Revolutionary Claims

Tariff Regulation (Select)

Territories

Thirteen on the Disturbed Condition of the Country (Select)

Whole

House of Representatives

Accounts

Agriculture

Claims

Commerce

District of Columbia

Elections

Engraving

Expenditures in the Interior Department

Expenditures in the Navy Department

Expenditures in the Post Office Department

Expenditures in the State Department

Expenditures in the Treasury Department

Expenditures in the War Department

Expenditures on Public Buildings

Foreign Affairs

Indian Affairs

Invalid Pensions

Manufactures

Mileage

Military Affairs

Militia

Naval Affairs

Patents

Post Office and Post Roads

Public Buildings and Grounds

Public Expenditures

Public Lands

Revisal and Unfinished Business

Revolutionary Claims

Roads and Canals

Rules (Select)

Standards of Official Conduct

Territories

Ways and Means

Whole

Joint committees

Enrolled Bills

Making Arrangements for Inaugurating Washington's Statue

Caucuses

Democratic (House)

Democratic (Senate)

Employees

Architect of the Capitol: Thomas U. Walter

Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

Senate

Chaplain: Stephen P. Hill (Baptist)
- Phineas D. Gurley (Presbyterian), elected December 15, 1859

Secretary: Asbury Dickens

Sergeant at Arms: Dunning R. McNair

House of Representatives

Clerk: James C. Allen
- John W. Forney, elected February 3, 1860

Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)

Doorkeeper: George Marston

Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice

Postmaster: Josiah M. Lucas

Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]

Sergeant at Arms: Henry William Hoffman

Notes

^ "1860 Democratic Convention Number 1 - Charleston, South Carolina". Usgovinfo.about.com. June 19, 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

^ ^a^b^c "1860 Democratic National Convention". Blueandgraytrail.com. August 19, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

^ "Constitutional Union party Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Constitutional Union party". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

^ "Ordinance of Secession of South Carolina". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2002. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g
Hart, Albert Bushnell; Channing, Edward, eds. (November 1893). Ordinances of Secession and Other Documents. 1860-1861. American History Leaflets Colonial and Constitutional. 12. New York: A. Lovell & Company. OCLC 7759360. Archived from the original on 2008-04-13. Retrieved 2017-11-15.

^ "The Delaware Legislature.; Reception Of The Secession Commissioner From Mississippi". The New York Times. January 4, 1861.

^ "Ordinance of Secession of Mississippi". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

^ "Ordinance of Secession of Florida". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

^ "Ordinance of Secession of Alabama". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

^ "Ordinance of Secession of Georgia". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

^ "Ordinance of Secession of Louisiana". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

^ ^a^b "Ordinance of Secession of Texas". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

References

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Hart, Albert Bushnell; Channing, Edward, eds. (November 1893). Ordinances of Secession and Other Documents. 1860-1861. American History Leaflets Colonial and Constitutional. 12. New York: A. Lovell & Company. OCLC 7759360. Archived from the original on 2008-04-13. Retrieved 2017-11-15.

External links

Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

U.S. House of Representatives: House History

U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists

Congressional Directory for the 36th Congress, 2nd Session.

[1] "1860 Democratic Convention Number 1 - Charleston, South Carolina". Usgovinfo.about.com. June 19, 2010. Retrieved December 5, 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

[blueandgraytrail1-2] "1860 Democratic National Convention". Blueandgraytrail.com. August 19, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

[3] "Constitutional Union party Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Constitutional Union party". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

[4] "Ordinance of Secession of South Carolina". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2002. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

[Hart_and_Channing_OoSaOD-5] 
Hart, Albert Bushnell; Channing, Edward, eds. (November 1893). Ordinances of Secession and Other Documents. 1860-1861. American History Leaflets Colonial and Constitutional. 12. New York: A. Lovell & Company. OCLC 7759360. Archived from the original on 2008-04-13. Retrieved 2017-11-15.

[6] "The Delaware Legislature.; Reception Of The Secession Commissioner From Mississippi". The New York Times. January 4, 1861.

[7] "Ordinance of Secession of Mississippi". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

[8] "Ordinance of Secession of Florida". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

[9] "Ordinance of Secession of Alabama". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

[10] "Ordinance of Secession of Georgia". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

[11] "Ordinance of Secession of Louisiana". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

[csawardept1-12] "Ordinance of Secession of Texas". Csawardept.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

36th United States Congress
35th ← → 37th
United States Capitol (1860)
March 4, 1859 – March 4, 1861
Senate President	John C. Breckinridge (D)
Senate Pres. pro tem	Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D) Jesse D. Bright (D) Solomon Foot (R)
House Speaker	William Pennington (R)
Members	66 senators 238 representatives 5 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	Democratic Party Republican Party
House Majority	Republican-led coalition
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1859 – March 10, 1859 1st: December 5, 1859 – June 26, 1860 Special: June 26, 1860 – June 28, 1860 2nd: December 3, 1860 – March 4, 1861

36th United States Congress

Contents

Major events

Major legislation

Constitutional amendments

Treaties

States admitted and territories organized

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

Senate

Alabama

Arkansas

California

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Vermont

Virginia

Wisconsin

House of Representatives

Alabama

Arkansas

California

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee