68th United States Congress

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68th United States Congress


67th ←

→ 69th


USCapitol1906.jpg

United States Capitol (1906)

March 4, 1923 – March 4, 1925
Senate President
Calvin Coolidge (R)
until August 2, 1923
Vacant
from August 2, 1923
Senate Pres. pro tem
Albert B. Cummins (R)
House Speaker
Frederick H. Gillett (R)
Members96 senators
435 representatives
5 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityRepublican
House MajorityRepublican
Sessions

1st: December 3, 1923 – June 7, 1924
2nd: December 1, 1924 – March 3, 1925

The Sixty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1923, to March 4, 1925, during the last months of Warren G. Harding's presidency, and the first years of the administration of his successor, Calvin Coolidge. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Thirteenth Decennial Census of the United States in 1910. Both chambers had a Republican majority.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Constitutional amendments


  • 4 Party summary

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Leadership

    • 5.1 Senate

      • 5.1.1 Majority (Republican) leadership


      • 5.1.2 Minority (Democratic) leadership



    • 5.2 House of Representatives

      • 5.2.1 Majority (Republican) leadership


      • 5.2.2 Minority (Democratic) leadership




  • 6 Members

    • 6.1 Senate

      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arizona


      • 6.1.3 Arkansas


      • 6.1.4 California


      • 6.1.5 Colorado


      • 6.1.6 Connecticut


      • 6.1.7 Delaware


      • 6.1.8 Florida


      • 6.1.9 Georgia


      • 6.1.10 Idaho


      • 6.1.11 Illinois


      • 6.1.12 Indiana


      • 6.1.13 Iowa


      • 6.1.14 Kansas


      • 6.1.15 Kentucky


      • 6.1.16 Louisiana


      • 6.1.17 Maine


      • 6.1.18 Maryland


      • 6.1.19 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.20 Michigan


      • 6.1.21 Minnesota


      • 6.1.22 Mississippi


      • 6.1.23 Missouri


      • 6.1.24 Montana


      • 6.1.25 Nebraska


      • 6.1.26 Nevada


      • 6.1.27 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.28 New Jersey


      • 6.1.29 New Mexico


      • 6.1.30 New York


      • 6.1.31 North Carolina


      • 6.1.32 North Dakota


      • 6.1.33 Ohio


      • 6.1.34 Oklahoma


      • 6.1.35 Oregon


      • 6.1.36 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.37 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.38 South Carolina


      • 6.1.39 South Dakota


      • 6.1.40 Tennessee


      • 6.1.41 Texas


      • 6.1.42 Utah


      • 6.1.43 Vermont


      • 6.1.44 Virginia


      • 6.1.45 Washington


      • 6.1.46 West Virginia


      • 6.1.47 Wisconsin


      • 6.1.48 Wyoming



    • 6.2 House of Representatives

      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arizona


      • 6.2.3 Arkansas


      • 6.2.4 California


      • 6.2.5 Colorado


      • 6.2.6 Connecticut


      • 6.2.7 Delaware


      • 6.2.8 Florida


      • 6.2.9 Georgia


      • 6.2.10 Idaho


      • 6.2.11 Illinois


      • 6.2.12 Indiana


      • 6.2.13 Iowa


      • 6.2.14 Kansas


      • 6.2.15 Kentucky


      • 6.2.16 Louisiana


      • 6.2.17 Maine


      • 6.2.18 Maryland


      • 6.2.19 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.20 Michigan


      • 6.2.21 Minnesota


      • 6.2.22 Mississippi


      • 6.2.23 Missouri


      • 6.2.24 Montana


      • 6.2.25 Nebraska


      • 6.2.26 Nevada


      • 6.2.27 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.28 New Jersey


      • 6.2.29 New Mexico


      • 6.2.30 New York


      • 6.2.31 North Carolina


      • 6.2.32 North Dakota


      • 6.2.33 Ohio


      • 6.2.34 Oklahoma


      • 6.2.35 Oregon


      • 6.2.36 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.37 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.38 South Carolina


      • 6.2.39 South Dakota


      • 6.2.40 Tennessee


      • 6.2.41 Texas


      • 6.2.42 Utah


      • 6.2.43 Vermont


      • 6.2.44 Virginia


      • 6.2.45 Washington


      • 6.2.46 West Virginia


      • 6.2.47 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.48 Wyoming


      • 6.2.49 Non-voting members




  • 7 Changes in membership

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives



  • 8 Committees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees



  • 9 Caucuses


  • 10 Employees

    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives



  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links




Major events



  • August 2, 1923 – President Warren Harding died. Vice President Calvin Coolidge became President of the United States


Major legislation



  • September 22, 1923: U.S. Coal Commission Act

  • April 26, 1924: Seed and Feed Loan Act

  • May 19, 1924: World War Adjusted Compensation Act (Bonus Bill), Sess. 1, ch. 157, 43 Stat. 121

  • May 24, 1924: Rogers Act

  • May 26, 1924: Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson–Reed Act), Sess. 1, ch. 190, 43 Stat. 153

  • May 29, 1924: Indian Oil Leasing Act of 1924 (Lenroot Act)

  • June 2, 1924: Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 (Snyder Act), Sess. 1, ch. 233, 43 Stat. 253

  • June 2, 1924: Revenue Act of 1924 (Simmons–Longworth Act), Sess. 1, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253

  • June 3, 1924: Inland Waterways Act of 1924 (Denison Act)

  • June 7, 1924: Pueblo Lands Act of 1924

  • June 7, 1924: Oil Pollution Act of 1924, Pub.L. 68–238, ch. 316, 43 Stat. 604

  • June 7, 1924: Clarke–McNary Act, Sess. 1, ch. 348, 43 Stat. 653

  • January 30, 1925: Hoch–Smith Resolution

  • January 31, 1925: Special Duties Act

  • February 2, 1925: Airmail Act of 1925 (Kelly Act)

  • February 12, 1925: Federal Arbitration Act

  • February 16, 1925: Home Port Act of 1925

  • February 24, 1925: Purnell Act

  • February 27, 1925: Temple Act

  • February 28, 1925: Classification Act of 1925

  • February 28, 1925: Federal Corrupt Practices Act (Gerry Act)

  • March 2, 1925: Judiciary Act of 1925

  • March 3, 1925: River and Harbors Act of 1925

  • March 3, 1925: Helium Act of 1925

  • March 4, 1925: Establishment of the United States Navy Band

  • March 4, 1925: Probation Act of 1925


Constitutional amendments


  • June 2, 1924: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution that would specifically authorize Congress to regulate "labor of persons under eighteen years of age", and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification[1]
    • This amendment, commonly known as the Child Labor Amendment, has not been ratified and is still pending before the states.[2]


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section??.?%



Senate


















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Farmer–Labor
(FL)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

37

0

59
96
0

Begin

42

1

53

96
0
End 2 52
Final voting share 7001438000000000000♠43.8% 7000210000000000000♠2.1% 7001542000000000000♠54.2%
Beginning of the next congress

40

1

55
96
0


House of Representatives



















































Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)

Total







Republican

Democratic

Farmer–Labor

Socialist
Vacant
End of the previous Congress
302
131
0
1
435
0

Begin
225
207
2
1
435
0
End
??
??
??
??
??
??
Final voting share
??.?%
??.?%
??.?%
??.?%


Beginning of the next Congress
247
183
3
1
435
0


Leadership




President of the Senate Calvin Coolidge



Senate



  • President: Calvin Coolidge (R), until August 3, 1923; vacant thereafter.


  • President pro tempore: Albert B. Cummins (R)


Majority (Republican) leadership



  • Majority leader: Charles Curtis


  • Majority whip: Wesley L. Jones


  • Republican Conference Secretary: James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.


Minority (Democratic) leadership



  • Minority leader: Joseph T. Robinson


  • Minority whip: Peter G. Gerry


  • Democratic Caucus Secretary: William H. King


House of Representatives



  • Speaker: Frederick H. Gillett (R)


Majority (Republican) leadership



  • Majority leader: Nicholas Longworth


  • Majority Whip: Albert H. Vestal


  • Republican Conference Chair: Sydney Anderson


Minority (Democratic) leadership



  • Minority Leader: Finis J. Garrett


  • Minority Whip: William Allan Oldfield


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Henry Thomas Rainey


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Arthur B. Rouse


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1928; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1924; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1926.










House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by their district numbers.










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • replacements: 7

    • Democratic: 1 seat net gain


    • Republican: 2 seat net loss


    • Farmer–Labor: 1 seat net gain


  • deaths: 7

  • resignations: 0

  • vacancy: 0

  • Total seats with changes: 8














































State
Senator
Reason for Vacancy
Successor
Date of Successor's Installation

Colorado
(3)

Samuel D. Nicholson (R)
Died March 24, 1923. Successor was appointed.

Alva B. Adams (D)
May 17, 1923

Minnesota
(2)

Knute Nelson (R)
Died April 28, 1923. Successor was elected.

Magnus Johnson (FL)
July 16, 1923

Vermont
(3)

William P. Dillingham (R)
Died July 12, 1923. Successor was elected.

Porter H. Dale (R)
November 7, 1923

Rhode Island
(2)

LeBaron Bradford Colt (R)
Died August 18, 1924. Successor was elected.

Jesse H. Metcalf (R)
November 5, 1924

Connecticut
(3)

Frank B. Brandegee (R)
Died October 14, 1924. Successor was elected.

Hiram Bingham III (R)
January 8, 1925[3]

Massachusetts
(1)

Henry Cabot Lodge (R)
Died November 9, 1924. Successor was appointed.

William M. Butler (R)
November 13, 1924

Colorado
(3)

Alva B. Adams (D)
Interim appointment. Successor was elected. Served until November 30, 1924.

Rice W. Means (R)
December 1, 1924

Illinois
(2)

Joseph M. McCormick (R)
Died February 25, 1925.
Successor was appointed, having already been elected to the next term.

Charles S. Deneen (R)
February 26, 1925


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 22

    • Democratic: 1 seat net gain


    • Republican: 1 seat net loss


  • deaths: 15

  • resignations: 6

  • contested election: 0

  • Total seats with changes: 24




























































































































District
Vacator
Reason for Vacancy
Successor


Illinois 2nd
Vacant
Rep. James R. Mann died during previous congress

Morton D. Hull (R)
April 3, 1923

California 10th
Vacant
Rep. Henry Z. Osborne died during previous congress

John D. Fredericks (R)
May 1, 1923

New York 16th
Vacant
Rep. William Bourke Cockran died during previous congress

John J. O'Connor (D)
November 6, 1923

Alabama 2nd

John R. Tyson (D)
Died March 27, 1923

Lister Hill (D)
August 14, 1923

Michigan 3rd

John M. C. Smith (R)
Died March 30, 1923

Arthur B. Williams (R)
June 19, 1923

Iowa 8th

Horace M. Towner (R)
Resigned April 1, 1923, after being appointed Governor of Puerto Rico

Hiram K. Evans (R)
June 4, 1923

New York 11th

Daniel J. Riordan (D)
Died April 28, 1923

Anning S. Prall (D)
November 6, 1923

Illinois 4th

John W. Rainey (D)
Died May 4, 1923

Thomas A. Doyle (D)
November 6, 1923

Arkansas 6th

Lewis E. Sawyer (D)
Died May 5, 1923

James B. Reed (D)
October 6, 1923

Washington 5th

J. Stanley Webster (R)
Resigned May 8, 1923, after being appointed to United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington

Samuel B. Hill (D)
September 25, 1923

North Carolina 2nd

Claude Kitchin (D)
Died May 31, 1923

John H. Kerr (D)
November 6, 1923

New York 32nd

Luther W. Mott (R)
Died July 10, 1923

Thaddeus C. Sweet (R)
November 6, 1923

Vermont 2nd

Porter H. Dale (R)
Resigned August 11, 1923, after becoming a candidate for the US Senate

Ernest Willard Gibson (R)
November 6, 1923

Kentucky 7th

J. Campbell Cantrill (D)
Died September 2, 1923

Joseph W. Morris (D)
November 30, 1923

New York 24th

James V. Ganly (D)
Died September 7, 1923

Benjamin L. Fairchild (R)
November 6, 1923

Mississippi 3rd

Benjamin G. Humphreys II (D)
Died October 16, 1923

William Y. Humphreys (D)
November 27, 1923

Kentucky 9th

William J. Fields (D)
Resigned December 11, 1923

Fred M. Vinson (D)
January 24, 1924

Louisiana 2nd

H. Garland Dupré (D)
Died February 21, 1924

James Z. Spearing (D)
April 22, 1924

Illinois 14th

William J. Graham (R)
Resigned June 7, 1924, after being appointed to the United States Court of Customs Appeals
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Kansas 2nd

Edward C. Little (R)
Died June 27, 1924

Ulysses S. Guyer (R)
November 4, 1924

North Dakota 2nd

George M. Young (R)
Resigned September 2, 1924, after being appointed to the Board of General Appraisers

Thomas Hall (R)
November 4, 1924

Massachusetts 15th

William S. Greene (R)
Died September 22, 1924

Robert M. Leach (R)
November 4, 1924

Maryland 5th

Sydney E. Mudd II (R)
Died October 11, 1924

Stephen W. Gambrill (D)
November 4, 1924

California 4th

Julius Kahn (R)
Died December 18, 1924
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (5 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate


  • Agriculture and Forestry

  • Appropriations


  • Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty (Select)

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Banking and Currency


  • Campaign Expenditures (Special)


  • Charges against Burton K. Wheeler (Select)

  • Civil Service

  • Claims

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Expenditures in Executive Departments

  • Finance

  • Foreign Relations

  • Immigration

  • Immigration and Naturalization

  • Indian Affairs


  • Internal Revenue Bureau (Select)

  • Interoceanic Canals

  • Interstate Commerce

  • Judiciary

  • Library

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs


  • Nine Foot Channel from the Great Lakes to the Gulf (Select)

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Printing

  • Privileges and Elections


  • Propaganda Affecting Taxation and Soldiers' Bonus (Select)

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands and Surveys


  • Reforestation (Select)

  • Revision of the Laws

  • Rules

  • Territories and Insular Possessions


  • Veterans Bureau Investigation (Select)


  • War Finance Corporation Loans (Select)

  • Whole


House of Representatives


  • Accounts

  • Agriculture


  • Air Services (Select)

  • Alcoholic Liquor Traffic

  • Appropriations

  • Banking and Currency

  • Census

  • Civil Service

  • Claims

  • Coinage, Weights and Measures

  • Disposition of Executive Papers

  • District of Columbia

  • Education

  • Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress

  • Elections

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Expenditures in the Agriculture Department

  • Expenditures in the Commerce Department

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Justice Department

  • Expenditures in the Labor Department

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Flood Control

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Immigration and Naturalization

  • Indian Affairs

  • Industrial Arts and Expositions

  • Insular Affairs

  • Interstate and Foreign Commerce

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Irrigation of Arid Lands

  • Labor

  • Merchant Marine and Fisheries

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands

  • Railways and Canals

  • Reform in the Civil Service

  • Revision of Laws

  • Rivers and Harbors

  • Roads

  • Rules

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • War Claims

  • Ways and Means

  • Woman Suffrage

  • Whole


Joint committees


  • Banking and Currency


  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Determine what Employment may be Furnished Federal Prisoners

  • Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers

  • Federal Reserve System

  • Investigate Congressional Salaries

  • Investigation of Northern Pacific Railroad Land Grants

  • Postal Service

  • Reorganization

  • Reorganization of the Administrative Branch of the Government


Caucuses



  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)


Employees



  • Architect of the Capitol:

    • Elliott Woods, until May 22, 1923


    • David Lynn, from August 22, 1923



  • Comptroller General of the United States: John R. McCarl


  • Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam


  • Public Printer of the United States: George H. Carter


Senate



  • Chaplain: John J. Muir Baptist


  • Secretary: George A. Sanderson of Illinois


  • Sergeant at Arms: David S. Barry of Rhode Island


House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: James S. Montgomery Methodist, elected April 11, 1921


  • Clerk: William T. Page of Maryland, elected December 5, 1923


  • Doorkeeper: Bert W. Kennedy of Michigan, elected December 5, 1923


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Lehr Fess


  • Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan (D) and N/A (R)


  • Postmaster of the House: Frank W. Collier of Wisconsin, elected December 5, 1923


  • Sergeant at Arms: Joseph G. Rodgers of Pennsylvania, elected December 5, 1923


See also



  • United States elections, 1922 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1922

    • United States Senate elections, 1923

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1922



  • United States elections, 1924 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1924

    • United States Senate elections, 1924 and 1925

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1924



References




  1. ^ Huckabee, David C. (September 30, 1997). "Ratification of Amendments to the U.S. Constitution" (PDF). Congressional Research Service reports. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ "Four amendments that almost made it into the constitution". Constitution Daily. Philadelphia: The National Constitution Center. March 23, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2017.


  3. ^ "A chronological list of senators since the First Congress in 1789" (PDF). United States Senate.




  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 1st Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 1st Session (Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 2nd Session (1st Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 68th Congress, 2nd Session (2nd Revision).







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