48th United States Congress

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48th United States Congress


47th ←

→ 49th


USCapitol1906.jpg

United States Capitol (1906)

March 4, 1883 – March 4, 1885
Senate PresidentVacant
Senate Pres. pro tem
George F. Edmunds (R)
House Speaker
John G. Carlisle (D)
Members76 senators
325 representatives
8 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityRepublican
House MajorityDemocratic
Sessions

1st: December 3, 1883 – July 7, 1884
2nd: December 1, 1884 – March 3, 1885

The Forty-Eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1883, to March 4, 1885, during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President Chester A. Arthur. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Territories organized


  • 4 Party summary

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Leadership

    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives



  • 6 Members

    • 6.1 Senate

      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arkansas


      • 6.1.3 California


      • 6.1.4 Colorado


      • 6.1.5 Connecticut


      • 6.1.6 Delaware


      • 6.1.7 Florida


      • 6.1.8 Georgia


      • 6.1.9 Illinois


      • 6.1.10 Indiana


      • 6.1.11 Iowa


      • 6.1.12 Kansas


      • 6.1.13 Kentucky


      • 6.1.14 Louisiana


      • 6.1.15 Maine


      • 6.1.16 Maryland


      • 6.1.17 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.18 Michigan


      • 6.1.19 Minnesota


      • 6.1.20 Mississippi


      • 6.1.21 Missouri


      • 6.1.22 Nebraska


      • 6.1.23 Nevada


      • 6.1.24 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.25 New Jersey


      • 6.1.26 New York


      • 6.1.27 North Carolina


      • 6.1.28 Ohio


      • 6.1.29 Oregon


      • 6.1.30 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.31 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.32 South Carolina


      • 6.1.33 Tennessee


      • 6.1.34 Texas


      • 6.1.35 Vermont


      • 6.1.36 Virginia


      • 6.1.37 West Virginia


      • 6.1.38 Wisconsin



    • 6.2 House of Representatives

      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arkansas


      • 6.2.3 California


      • 6.2.4 Colorado


      • 6.2.5 Connecticut


      • 6.2.6 Delaware


      • 6.2.7 Florida


      • 6.2.8 Georgia


      • 6.2.9 Illinois


      • 6.2.10 Indiana


      • 6.2.11 Iowa


      • 6.2.12 Kansas


      • 6.2.13 Kentucky


      • 6.2.14 Louisiana


      • 6.2.15 Maine


      • 6.2.16 Maryland


      • 6.2.17 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.18 Michigan


      • 6.2.19 Minnesota


      • 6.2.20 Mississippi


      • 6.2.21 Missouri


      • 6.2.22 Nebraska


      • 6.2.23 Nevada


      • 6.2.24 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.25 New Jersey


      • 6.2.26 New York


      • 6.2.27 North Carolina


      • 6.2.28 Ohio


      • 6.2.29 Oregon


      • 6.2.30 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.31 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.32 South Carolina


      • 6.2.33 Tennessee


      • 6.2.34 Texas


      • 6.2.35 Vermont


      • 6.2.36 Virginia


      • 6.2.37 West Virginia


      • 6.2.38 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.39 Non-voting members




  • 7 Changes in membership

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives



  • 8 Committees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees



  • 9 Caucuses


  • 10 Employees

    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives



  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links




Major events





Washington Monument (seen here in 2006) was completed December 6, 1884.



  • September 5, 1883: Mary F. Hoyt became the first woman appointed to the U.S. federal civil service (and the second person appointed by examination (in which she came top) instituted under the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act) when she became a clerk in the Bank Redemption Agency of the Department of the Treasury.

  • October 15, 1883: The Supreme Court of the United States declared part of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional, as the Court allowed private individuals and corporations to discriminate based on race.

  • November 18, 1883: U.S. and Canadian railroads instituted 5 standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.

  • August 10, 1884: An earthquake measuring 5.5 Mfa (based on the felt area) affected a very large portion of the eastern United States. The shock had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). Chimneys were toppled in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Property damage was severe in Jamaica and Amityville in New York.

  • October 6, 1884: The United States Naval War College was established in Newport, Rhode Island.

  • October 22, 1884: International Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C. fixed the Greenwich meridian as the world's prime meridian.

  • November 4, 1884: United States presidential election, 1884: Democratic Governor of New York Grover Cleveland defeated Republican James G. Blaine in a very close contest to win the first of his non-consecutive terms.

  • December 6: 1884: The Washington Monument was completed.


Major legislation




Territories organized


  • May 17, 1884: District of Alaska was organized.


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate






















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Independent
(I)

Readjuster
(RA)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

37

1

1

37
76
0

Begin

36

0

2

37

75
1
End 38 760
Final voting share 7001474000000000000♠47.4% 5000000000000000000♠0.0% 7000260000000000000♠2.6% 7001500000000000000♠50.0%
Beginning of the next congress

34

0

2

37
73
3


House of Representatives








House seats by party holding plurality in state


  80+% to 100% Democratic


  80+% to 100% Republican


  60+% to 80% Democratic


  60+% to 80% Republican


  Up to 60% Democratic


  Up to 60% Republican



  • Democratic: 196 (majority)


  • Republican: 117


  • Readjuster: 4


  • National Greenback: 2

  • Independent: 2

  • Independent Democratic: 3

  • Independent Republican: 1

TOTAL members: 325



Leadership



Senate



  • President: Vacant. Chester Arthur (R), the most recent Senate President, had become U.S. President on the death of his predecessor September 19, 1881, leaving the office vacant through the end of this Congress.


  • President pro tempore: George F. Edmunds (R)


  • Republican Conference Chairman: John Sherman


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: George H. Pendleton


House of Representatives



  • Speaker: John G. Carlisle (D)


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: George W. Geddes


  • Republican Conference Chair: Joseph Gurney Cannon


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: William Rosecrans


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators are listed by their states and Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.










House of Representatives


Members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • replacements: 1

    • Democratic: no net change


    • Republican: 1 seat net gain

    • Liberal Republican: 1 seat net loss


  • Deaths: 1

  • Resignations: 0

  • Interim appointment: 1

  • Late election: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 3





















State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

New Hampshire (2)
Vacant
Legislature had failed to elect.
Senator elected August 2, 1883.

Austin F. Pike (R)
August 2, 1883

Rhode Island (2)

Henry B. Anthony (R)
Incumbent died September 2, 1884.
Successor appointed November 19, 1884.

William P. Sheffield (R)
November 19, 1884

Rhode Island (2)

William P. Sheffield (R)
Interim appointee replaced by successor elected January 20, 1885.

Jonathan Chace (R)
January 20, 1885


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 15

    • Democratic: 1 seat net gain


    • Republican: 1 seat net loss


    • National Greenback: 1 seat net gain


  • deaths: 9

  • resignations: 9

  • contested election: 8

  • Total seats with changes: 25






























































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Mississippi 2nd
Vacant
Chalmers took seat after an election contest with Van H. Manning who challenged his election

James R. Chalmers (I)
June 25, 1884

West Virginia 3rd

John E. Kenna (D)
Resigned March 4, 1883, after being elected to the U.S. Senate

Charles P. Snyder (D)
May 15, 1883

Alabama 1st

Thomas H. Herndon (D)
Died March 28, 1883

James T. Jones (D)
December 3, 1883

Iowa 6th

Marsena E. Cutts (R)
Died September 1, 1883

John C. Cook (D)
October 9, 1883

Virginia 7th

John Paul (D)
Resigned September 5, 1883, after being appointed judge of the U.S. District Court of the Western District of Virginia. The House election was subsequently contested.

Charles T. O'Ferrall (D)
May 5, 1884

Kansas 2nd

Dudley C. Haskell (R)
Died December 16, 1883

Edward H. Funston (R)
March 21, 1884

North Carolina 1st

Walter F. Pool (R)
Died August 25, 1883

Thomas G. Skinner (D)
November 20, 1883

Massachusetts 12th

George D. Robinson (R)
Resigned January 7, 1884, after being elected Governor of Massachusetts

Francis W. Rockwell (R)
January 17, 1884

South Carolina 7th

Edmund W. M. Mackey (R)
Died January 27, 1884

Robert Smalls (R)
March 18, 1884

New Mexico Territory At-large

Tranquilino Luna (R)
Lost contested election March 5, 1884

Francisco A. Manzanares (D)
March 5, 1884

Virginia 1st

Robert M. Mayo (Readjuster)
Lost contested election March 20, 1884

George T. Garrison (D)
March 20, 1884

Indiana 7th

Stanton J. Peelle (R)
Lost contested election May 22, 1884

William E. English (D)
May 22, 1884

Ohio 18th

William McKinley (R)
Lost contested election May 27, 1884

Jonathan H. Wallace (D)
May 27, 1884

Ohio 7th

Henry L. Morey (R)
Lost contested election June 20, 1884

James E. Campbell (D)
June 20, 1884

Iowa 7th

John A. Kasson (R)
Resigned July 13, 1884, after being appointed Minister to Germany

Hiram Y. Smith (R)
December 2, 1884

Indiana 13th

William H. Calkins (R)
Resigned October 20, 1884

Benjamin F. Shively (Anti-Monopoly)
December 1, 1884

South Carolina 4th

John H. Evins (D)
Died October 20, 1884

John Bratton (D)
December 8, 1884

Pennsylvania 19th

William A. Duncan (D)
Died November 14, 1884

John A. Swope (D)
December 23, 1884

North Carolina 5th

Alfred M. Scales (D)
Resigned December 30, 1884, after being elected Governor of North Carolina

James W. Reid (D)
January 28, 1885

Alabama 4th

Charles M. Shelley (D)
Lost contested election January 9, 1885

George H. Craig (R)
January 9, 1885

Ohio 9th

James S. Robinson (R)
Resigned January 12, 1885, after becoming Ohio Secretary of State
Vacant
Not filled this term

Rhode Island 2nd

Jonathan Chace (R)
Resigned January 26, 1885, after being elected to the U.S. Senate

Nathan F. Dixon III (R)
February 12, 1885

Arkansas 2nd

James K. Jones (D)
Resigned February 19, 1885, after being elected to the U.S. Senate
Vacant
Not filled this term

Iowa 5th

James Wilson (R)
Lost contested election March 3, 1885

Benjamin T. Frederick (D)
March 3, 1885


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (4 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.









Joint committees



  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Scientific Bureaus


Caucuses



  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)


Employees



  • Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark


  • Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford


  • Public Printer of the United States: Sterling P. Rounds


Senate



  • Chaplain: Elias D. Huntley (Methodist)


  • Secretary: Francis E. Shober (Acting), to December 18, 1883

    • Anson G. McCook, from December 18, 1883


  • Sergeant at Arms: Richard J. Bright, to December 18, 1883

    • William P. Canady, from December 18, 1883


House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: John S. Lindsay (Episcopalian)


  • Clerk: John B. Clark, Jr.


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield


  • Doorkeeper: James G. Wintersmith


  • Postmaster: Lycurgus Dalton


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom


See also



  • United States elections, 1882 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1882

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1882



  • United States elections, 1884 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1884

    • United States Senate elections, 1884

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1884



References





  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 48th Congress, 1st Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 48th Congress, 1st Session (Revision).


  • Congressional Directory for the 48th Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Congressional Directory for the 48th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).







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