56th United States Congress

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56th United States Congress


55th ←

→ 57th


USCapitol1906.jpg

United States Capitol (1906)

March 4, 1899 – March 4, 1901
Senate President
Garret Hobart (R)
until November 21, 1899
Vacant
from November 21, 1899
Senate Pres. pro tem
William P. Frye (R)
House Speaker
David B. Henderson (R)
Members90 senators
357 representatives
4 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityRepublican
House MajorityRepublican
Sessions

1st: December 4, 1899 – June 7, 1900
2nd: December 3, 1900 – March 3, 1901

The Fifty-sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1899, to March 4, 1901, during the third and fourth years of William McKinley's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. Both chambers had a Republican majority. There was one African-American member, George Henry White of North Carolina, who served his second and final term as a Representative in this Congress, and would be the last black member of Congress until 1928, and the last black member of Congress from the South until 1972.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Party summary

    • 3.1 Senate


    • 3.2 House of Representatives



  • 4 Leadership

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives

      • 4.2.1 Majority (Republican) leadership


      • 4.2.2 Minority (Democratic) leadership




  • 5 Members

    • 5.1 Senate

      • 5.1.1 Alabama


      • 5.1.2 Arkansas


      • 5.1.3 California


      • 5.1.4 Colorado


      • 5.1.5 Connecticut


      • 5.1.6 Delaware


      • 5.1.7 Florida


      • 5.1.8 Georgia


      • 5.1.9 Idaho


      • 5.1.10 Illinois


      • 5.1.11 Indiana


      • 5.1.12 Iowa


      • 5.1.13 Kansas


      • 5.1.14 Kentucky


      • 5.1.15 Louisiana


      • 5.1.16 Maine


      • 5.1.17 Maryland


      • 5.1.18 Massachusetts


      • 5.1.19 Michigan


      • 5.1.20 Minnesota


      • 5.1.21 Mississippi


      • 5.1.22 Missouri


      • 5.1.23 Montana


      • 5.1.24 Nebraska


      • 5.1.25 Nevada


      • 5.1.26 New Hampshire


      • 5.1.27 New Jersey


      • 5.1.28 New York


      • 5.1.29 North Carolina


      • 5.1.30 North Dakota


      • 5.1.31 Ohio


      • 5.1.32 Oregon


      • 5.1.33 Pennsylvania


      • 5.1.34 Rhode Island


      • 5.1.35 South Carolina


      • 5.1.36 South Dakota


      • 5.1.37 Tennessee


      • 5.1.38 Texas


      • 5.1.39 Utah


      • 5.1.40 Vermont


      • 5.1.41 Virginia


      • 5.1.42 Washington


      • 5.1.43 West Virginia


      • 5.1.44 Wisconsin


      • 5.1.45 Wyoming



    • 5.2 House of Representatives

      • 5.2.1 Alabama


      • 5.2.2 Arkansas


      • 5.2.3 California


      • 5.2.4 Colorado


      • 5.2.5 Connecticut


      • 5.2.6 Delaware


      • 5.2.7 Florida


      • 5.2.8 Georgia


      • 5.2.9 Idaho


      • 5.2.10 Illinois


      • 5.2.11 Indiana


      • 5.2.12 Iowa


      • 5.2.13 Kansas


      • 5.2.14 Kentucky


      • 5.2.15 Louisiana


      • 5.2.16 Maine


      • 5.2.17 Maryland


      • 5.2.18 Massachusetts


      • 5.2.19 Michigan


      • 5.2.20 Minnesota


      • 5.2.21 Mississippi


      • 5.2.22 Missouri


      • 5.2.23 Montana


      • 5.2.24 Nebraska


      • 5.2.25 Nevada


      • 5.2.26 New Hampshire


      • 5.2.27 New Jersey


      • 5.2.28 New York


      • 5.2.29 North Carolina


      • 5.2.30 North Dakota


      • 5.2.31 Ohio


      • 5.2.32 Oregon


      • 5.2.33 Pennsylvania


      • 5.2.34 Rhode Island


      • 5.2.35 South Carolina


      • 5.2.36 South Dakota


      • 5.2.37 Tennessee


      • 5.2.38 Texas


      • 5.2.39 Utah


      • 5.2.40 Vermont


      • 5.2.41 Virginia


      • 5.2.42 Washington


      • 5.2.43 West Virginia


      • 5.2.44 Wisconsin


      • 5.2.45 Wyoming


      • 5.2.46 Non-voting members




  • 6 Changes in membership

    • 6.1 Senate


    • 6.2 House of Representatives



  • 7 Committees

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives


    • 7.3 Joint committees



  • 8 Caucuses


  • 9 Employees

    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives



  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links




Major events



  • June 2, 1899: The Filipino Rebellion began the Philippine–American War.

  • November 21, 1899: Vice President Garret Hobart died.

  • January 8, 1900: President McKinley placed Alaska under military rule.

  • January 17, 1900: Brigham H. Roberts was refused a seat in the United States House of Representatives because of his polygamy.

  • February 5, 1900: Britain and the United States signed a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canal through Nicaragua.

  • February 16, 1900: The United States, Germany and Great Britain ratified the Tripartite Convention partitioning the Samoan Islands.

  • November 6, 1900: U.S. presidential election, 1900: Republican incumbent William McKinley was reelected by defeating Democratic challenger William Jennings Bryan.


Major legislation



  • March 14, 1900: Gold Standard Act, Sess. 1, ch. 41, 31 Stat. 45

  • April 2, 1900: Foraker Act, Sess. 1, ch. 191, 31 Stat. 77 (Puerto Rico Civil Code)


Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate





Senate membership (final)
     26 Democrats      53 Republicans
     5 Populists      3 Silver Republicans
     2 Silver


(1 Vacant)





























































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Populist
(P)

Republican
(R)

Silver
Republican
(SR)

Silver
(S)
End of the previous congress

34

5

44

5

2
90
0

Begin

26

4

51

3

2

86
4
End 5 53 891
Final voting share 7001292000000000000♠29.2% 7000560000000099999♠5.6% 7001596000000000000♠59.6% 7000340000000000000♠3.4% 7000220000000000000♠2.2%
Beginning of the next congress

28

3

54

2

0
87
3


House of Representatives


































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Populist
(P)

Republican
(R)

Silver
Republican
(SR)

Silver
(S)
End of the previous congress

124

22

207

3

1
357
0

Begin

163

6

183

2

1

355
2
End 159 186 3543
Final voting share 7001449000000000000♠44.9% 7000170000000000000♠1.7% 7001525000000000000♠52.5% 6999600000000000000♠0.6% 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
Non-voting members1020031
Beginning of the next congress

151

5

200

1

0
357
0


Leadership


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President of the Senate
Garret Hobart




Speaker of the House
David B. Henderson





Senate



  • President: Garret Hobart (R), until November 21, 1899; vacant thereafter.


  • President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R)


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: James K. Jones (D)


  • Republican Conference Chairman: William B. Allison (R)


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Stephen M. White (D)


House of Representatives



  • Speaker: David B. Henderson (R)


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: James Hay (D)


  • Republican Conference Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon (R)


Majority (Republican) leadership



  • Majority Leader: Sereno E. Payne


  • Majority Whip: James A. Tawney


Minority (Democratic) leadership



  • Minority Leader: James D. Richardson


  • Minority Whip: Oscar Underwood


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1904; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1900; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1902.










House of Representatives










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • replacements: 7

    • Democratic: no net change


    • Republican: 1 seat loss


    • Populist: 1 seat gain


  • deaths: 3

  • resignations: 1

  • vacancy: 5

  • interim appointments: 2

  • Total seats with changes: 9




























































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for vacancy
Subsequent
Date of successor's installation

Nebraska
(1)
Vacant
Legislature failed to elect to fill vacancy in term.

Monroe Hayward (R)
March 8, 1899

California
(1)
Vacant
Legislature failed to elect to fill vacancy in term.

Thomas R. Bard (R)
February 7, 1900

Florida
(1)

Samuel Pasco (D)
Successor was elected April 18, 1899.

James Taliaferro (D)
April 20, 1899

Nebraska
(1)

Monroe Hayward (R)
Died December 5, 1899. Successor was appointed.

William V. Allen (Pop.)
December 13, 1899

Montana
(1)

William A. Clark (D)
Resigned May 15, 1900, over claim of election fraud.
Seat remained vacant until the next Congress.
Vacant

Iowa
(2)

John H. Gear (R)
Died July 14, 1900. Successor was appointed and subsequently elected.

Jonathan P. Dolliver (R)
August 22, 1900

Vermont
(3)

Jonathan Ross (R)
Successor was elected October 18, 1900.

William P. Dillingham (R)
October 18, 1900

Minnesota
(1)

Cushman K. Davis (R)
Died November 27, 1900. Successor was appointed.

Charles A. Towne (D)
December 5, 1900

Pennsylvania
(1)
Vacant
Due to a failure to elect, Governor appointed Quay at beginning of term, but Senate refused to seat him. He then won a special election.

Matthew Quay (R)
January 16, 1901

Minnesota
(1)

Charles A. Towne (D)
Successor was elected January 23, 1901.

Moses E. Clapp (R)
January 23, 1901

Utah
(1)
Vacant
failure to elect

Thomas Kearns (R)
January 16, 1901


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 21

    • Democratic: 5 seat loss


    • Republican: 5 seat gain


    • Populist: no net change


  • deaths: 12

  • resignations: 7

  • contested election: 3

  • new seats: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 26














































































































































District
Previous
Reason for change
Subsequent
Date of successor's installation

Maine 2nd
Vacant
Rep. Nelson Dingley Jr. died during previous congress

Charles E. Littlefield (R)
June 19, 1899

Utah At-large
Vacant

B. H. Roberts was denied seat. King was elected to finish term.

William H. King (D)
June 19, 1899

New York 34th
Vacant
Rep. Warren B. Hooker resigned during previous congress

Edward B. Vreeland (R)
November 7, 1899

Nebraska 6th

William L. Greene (Pop.)
Died March 11, 1899.

William Neville (Pop.)
December 4, 1899

Louisiana 5th

Samuel T. Baird (D)
Died April 22, 1899.

Joseph E. Ransdell (D)
August 29, 1899

Missouri 8th

Richard P. Bland (D)
Died June 15, 1899.

Dorsey W. Shackleford (D)
August 29, 1899

Ohio 16th

Lorenzo Danford (R)
Died June 19, 1899

Joseph J. Gill (R)
December 4, 1899

Maine 1st

Thomas B. Reed (R)
Resigned September 4, 1899.

Amos L. Allen (R)
November 6, 1899

Pennsylvania 9th

Daniel Ermentrout (D)
Died September 17, 1899.

Henry D. Green (D)
November 7, 1899

Kentucky 7th

Evan E. Settle (D)
Died November 16, 1899.

June Ward Gayle (D)
January 15, 1900

Maryland 1st

John W. Smith (D)
Resigned January 12, 1900, after being elected Governor of Maryland

Josiah Kerr (R)
November 6, 1900

New York 24th

Charles A. Chickering (R)
Died February 13, 1900

Albert D. Shaw (R)
November 6, 1900

Virginia 4th

Sidney P. Epes (D)
Died March 3, 1900.

Francis R. Lassiter (D)
April 9, 1900

Pennsylvania 5th

Alfred C. Harmer (R)
Died March 6, 1900

Edward Morrell (R)
November 6, 1900

Alabama 4th

Gaston A. Robbins (D)
Lost contested election March 8, 1900

William F. Aldrich (R)
March 8, 1900

Virginia 2nd

William A. Young (D)
Lost contested election March 12, 1900

Richard A. Wise (R)
March 12, 1900

Alabama 8th

Joseph Wheeler (D)
Resigned April 20, 1900.

William N. Richardson (D)
December 3, 1900

North Carolina 9th

William T. Crawford (D)
Lost contested election May 10, 1900

Richmond Pearson (R)
May 10, 1900

Iowa 9th

Smith McPherson (R)
Resigned June 6, 1900, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa

Walter I. Smith (R)
December 3, 1900

Delaware At-large

John H. Hoffecker (R)
Died June 16, 1900

Walter O. Hoffecker (R)
November 6, 1900

New Jersey 7th

William D. Daly (D)
Died July 31, 1900.

Allan L. McDermott (D)
December 3, 1900

California 2nd

Marion De Vries (D)
Resigned August 20, 1900, after being appointed to the Board of General Appraisers

Samuel D. Woods (R)
December 3, 1900

Iowa 10th

Jonathan P. Dolliver (R)
Resigned August 22, 1900, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate

James P. Conner (R)
December 4, 1900

Hawaii Territory
New seat
Seat established by the Hawaiian Organic Act April 30, 1900

Robert W. Wilcox (Home Rule)
November 6, 1900

Virginia 2nd

Richard A. Wise (R)
Died December 21, 1900
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

New Hampshire 2nd

Frank G. Clarke (R)
Died January 9, 1901
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

New York 24th

Albert D. Shaw (R)
Died February 10, 1901
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Maine 4th

Charles A. Boutelle (R)
Resigned March 3, 1901
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (4 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate



  • Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select)

  • Agriculture and Forestry

  • Appropriations

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Canadian Relations

  • Census

  • Civil Service and Retrenchment

  • Claims

  • Coast and Insular Survey

  • Coast Defenses

  • Commerce

  • Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia

  • Cuban Relations


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Engrossed Bills

  • Enrolled Bills


  • Establish a University in the United States (Select)

  • Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service

  • Expenditures in Executive Departments

  • Finance

  • Fisheries


  • Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select)

  • Foreign Relations

  • Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game


  • Geological Survey (Select)

  • Immigration

  • Immigration and Naturalization

  • Indian Affairs

  • Irrigation and Reclamation

  • Industrial Expositions


  • International Expositions (Select)

  • Interoceanic Canals

  • Interstate Commerce

  • Judiciary

  • Library

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining


  • Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)


  • National Banks (Select)

  • Naval Affairs


  • Nicaragua Canal (Select)

  • Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Philippines

  • Post Office and Post Roads


  • Potomac River Front (Select)

  • Printing

  • Private Land Claims

  • Privileges and Elections

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Health and National Quarantine

  • Public Lands

  • Railroads

  • Revision of the Laws

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Rules


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Territories


  • Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select)

  • Transportation Routes to the Seaboard


  • Washington City Centennial (Select)

  • Whole


  • Woman Suffrage (Select)


House of Representatives


  • Accounts

  • Agriculture

  • Alcoholic Liquor Traffic

  • Appropriations

  • Banking and Currency

  • Claims

  • Coinage, Weights and Measures

  • Disposition of Executive Papers

  • District of Columbia

  • Education

  • Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress

  • Elections

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Expenditures in the Agriculture Department

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Justice Department

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Immigration and Naturalization

  • Indian Affairs

  • Insular Affairs

  • Interstate and Foreign Commerce

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Irrigation of Arid Lands

  • Labor

  • Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River

  • Manufactures

  • Merchant Marine and Fisheries

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands

  • Railways and Canals

  • Reform in the Civil Service

  • Revision of Laws

  • Rivers and Harbors

  • Rules

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • Ventilation and Acoustics

  • War Claims

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole


Joint committees



  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers


Caucuses



  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)


Employees



  • Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark


  • Librarian of Congress: John Russell Young (until 1899), Herbert Putnam (starting 1899)


  • Public Printer of the United States: Frank W. Palmer


Senate



  • Chaplain: William H. Millburn (Methodist)


  • Secretary: William Ruffin Cox

    • Charles G. Bennett, elected February 1, 1900


  • Sergeant at Arms: Richard J. Bright

    • Daniel M. Ransdell, elected February 1, 1900


House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: Henry N. Couden (Universalist)


  • Clerk: Alexander McDowell


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Asher C. Hinds


  • Doorkeeper: William J. Glenn


  • Postmaster: Joseph C. McElroy


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: Henry Casson


See also



  • United States elections, 1898 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1898 and 1899

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1898



  • United States elections, 1900 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1900

    • United States Senate elections, 1900 and 1901

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1900



References





  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 56th Congress, 1st Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 56th Congress, 1st Session (1st Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 56th Congress, 1st Session (2nd Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 56th Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 56th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).







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