27th United States Congress

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27th United States Congress


26th ←

→ 28th


Capitol1846.jpg

United States Capitol (1846)

March 4, 1841 – March 4, 1843
Senate President
John Tyler (W)
until April 4, 1841
Vacant
from April 4, 1841
Senate Pres. pro tem
William R. King (D)
Samuel L. Southard (W)
Willie P. Mangum (W)
House Speaker
John White (W)
Members52 senators
242 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityWhig
House MajorityWhig
Sessions

Special: March 4, 1841 – March 15, 1841
1st: May 31, 1841 – September 13, 1841
2nd: December 6, 1841 – August 31, 1842
3rd: December 5, 1842 – March 3, 1843 (lame duck)

The Twenty-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. between March 4, 1841, and March 4, 1843, during the one-month administration of U.S. President William Henry Harrison and the first two years of the presidency of his successor, John Tyler. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifth Census of the United States in 1830. Both chambers had a Whig majority.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Treaties


  • 4 Party summary

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Leadership

    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives



  • 6 Members

    • 6.1 Senate

      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arkansas


      • 6.1.3 Connecticut


      • 6.1.4 Delaware


      • 6.1.5 Georgia


      • 6.1.6 Illinois


      • 6.1.7 Indiana


      • 6.1.8 Kentucky


      • 6.1.9 Louisiana


      • 6.1.10 Maine


      • 6.1.11 Maryland


      • 6.1.12 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.13 Michigan


      • 6.1.14 Mississippi


      • 6.1.15 Missouri


      • 6.1.16 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.17 New Jersey


      • 6.1.18 New York


      • 6.1.19 North Carolina


      • 6.1.20 Ohio


      • 6.1.21 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.22 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.23 South Carolina


      • 6.1.24 Tennessee


      • 6.1.25 Vermont


      • 6.1.26 Virginia



    • 6.2 House of Representatives

      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arkansas


      • 6.2.3 Connecticut


      • 6.2.4 Delaware


      • 6.2.5 Georgia


      • 6.2.6 Illinois


      • 6.2.7 Indiana


      • 6.2.8 Kentucky


      • 6.2.9 Louisiana


      • 6.2.10 Maine


      • 6.2.11 Maryland


      • 6.2.12 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.13 Michigan


      • 6.2.14 Mississippi


      • 6.2.15 Missouri


      • 6.2.16 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.17 New Jersey


      • 6.2.18 New York


      • 6.2.19 North Carolina


      • 6.2.20 Ohio


      • 6.2.21 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.22 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.23 South Carolina


      • 6.2.24 Tennessee


      • 6.2.25 Vermont


      • 6.2.26 Virginia


      • 6.2.27 Non-voting members




  • 7 Changes in membership

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives



  • 8 Committees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees



  • 9 Employees

    • 9.1 Senate


    • 9.2 House of Representatives



  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links




Major events



  • March 4, 1841: William Henry Harrison was inaugurated as President of the United States

  • April 4, 1841: President Harrison died and Vice President John Tyler became President

  • August 16, 1841: President Tyler's veto of a bill to re-establish the Second Bank of the United States led Whig Party members to riot outside the White House in the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in U.S. history.

  • May 19, 1842: Dorr Rebellion


Major legislation



  • April 19, 1841: Bankruptcy Act of 1841, ch. 9, 5 Stat. 440

  • September 4, 1841: Preemption Act of 1841, ch. 16, 5 Stat. 453

  • August 4, 1842: Armed Occupation Act, 5 Stat. 502

  • August 30, 1842: Tariff of 1842 ("Black Tariff"), ch. 270, 5 Stat. 548


Treaties


  • August 9, 1842: Webster-Ashburton Treaty signed, establishing the United States–Canada border east of the Rocky Mountains.


Party summary



Senate
















































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Whig
(W)
End of the previous congress

30

20
50
0

Begin

22

29

51
1
End 20 493
Final voting share 7001408009999900000♠40.8% 7001592000000000000♠59.2%
Beginning of the next congress

22

26
48
4


House of Representatives




















































Affiliation
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)

Total








Democratic
Independent
Democratic

States Rights
Whig

Whig
Other
Vacant
End of previous Congress
124
0
0
111
2
242
0

Begin
97
1
1
142
0
241
1
End
100
139
Final voting share
41.5%
0.4%
0.4%
57.7%
0.0%


Beginning of next Congress
147
1
0
72
3
223
0


Leadership




President of the Senate
John Tyler



Senate



  • President: John Tyler (W), until April 4, 1841, thereafter vacant


  • Presidents pro tempore: William R. King (D), elected March 4, 1841

    • Samuel L. Southard) (W), elected March 11, 1841


    • Willie P. Mangum (W), elected May 31, 1842



House of Representatives



  • Speaker: John D. White (W)


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1844; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1846; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1842.










House of Representatives










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


  • replacements: 9

    • Democrats: no net change


    • Whigs: no net change


  • deaths: 2

  • resignations: 8

  • interim appointments: 0

  • vacancy: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 10

























































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Alabama
(3)

Clement C. Clay (D)
Resigned November 15, 1841

Arthur P. Bagby (D)
Elected November 24, 1841

Rhode Island
(1)

Nathan F. Dixon (W)
Died January 29, 1842

William Sprague (W)
Elected February 18, 1842

Tennessee
(1)

Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D)
Resigned February 7, 1842
Vacant
Not filled this term

New Hampshire
(3)

Franklin Pierce (D)
Resigned February 28, 1842

Leonard Wilcox (D)
Appointed March 1, 1842, and subsequently elected

Louisiana
(3)

Alexandre Mouton (D)
Resigned March 1, 1842, after being elected Governor of Louisiana

Charles M. Conrad (W)
Appointed April 14, 1842

Kentucky
(3)

Henry Clay (W)
Resigned March 31, 1842

John J. Crittenden (W)
Appointed March 31, 1842, and subsequently elected

Vermont
(3)

Samuel Prentiss (W)
Resigned April 11, 1842, to become judge of the U.S. District Court of Vermont

Samuel C. Crafts (W)
Appointed April 23, 1842, and subsequently elected

New Jersey
(1)

Samuel L. Southard (W)
Died June 26, 1842

William L. Dayton (W)
Appointed July 2, 1842

South Carolina
(3)

William C. Preston (W)
Resigned November 29, 1842

George McDuffie (D)
Elected December 23, 1842

Maine
(1)

Reuel Williams (D)
Resigned February 15, 1843
Vacant
Not filled this term


House of Representatives


  • replacements: 17

    • Democrats: 3 seat net gain


    • Whigs: 3 seat net loss


  • deaths: 8

  • resignations: 12

  • contested election: 1

  • Total seats with changes: 20























































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Maine 4th
Vacant
Rep. George Evans resigned in previous congress

David Bronson (W)
Seated May 31, 1841

New York 26th

Francis Granger (W)
Resigned March 5, 1841, after being appointed United States Postmaster General

John Greig (W)
Seated May 21, 1841

Massachusetts 5th

Levi Lincoln, Jr. (W)
Resigned March 16, 1841, after being appointed Collector of the port of Boston

Charles Hudson (W)
Seated May 3, 1841

Pennsylvania 20th

Enos Hook (D)
Resigned April 18, 1841

Henry W. Beeson (D)
Seated May 31, 1841

Pennsylvania 18th

Charles Ogle (W)
Died May 10, 1841

Henry Black (W)
Seated June 28, 1841

Pennsylvania 2nd

John Sergeant (W)
Resigned September 15, 1841

Joseph R. Ingersoll (W)
Seated October 12, 1841

New York 26th

John Greig (W)
Resigned September 25, 1841

Francis Granger (W)
Seated November 27, 1841

Georgia At-large

Julius C. Alford (W)
Resigned October 1, 1841

Edward J. Black (D)
Seated January 3, 1842

Georgia At-large

Eugenius A. Nisbet (W)
Resigned October 12, 1841

Mark A. Cooper (D)
Seated January 3, 1842

Georgia At-large

William C. Dawson (W)
Resigned November 13, 1841

Walter T. Colquitt (D)
Seated January 3, 1842

Pennsylvania 18th

Henry Black (W)
Died November 28, 1841

James M. Russell (W)
Seated December 21, 1841

Virginia 13th

Linn Banks (D)
Lost contested election December 6, 1841

William Smith (D)
Seated December 6, 1841

Pennsylvania 17th

Davis Dimock, Jr. (D)
Died January 13, 1842

Almon H. Read (D)
Seated March 18, 1842

North Carolina 13th

Lewis Williams (W)
Died February 23, 1842

Anderson Mitchell (W)
Seated April 27, 1842

Ohio 16th

Joshua R. Giddings (W)
Resigned March 22, 1842, after vote of his censure and re-elected to same seat

Joshua R. Giddings (W)
Seated December 5, 1842

Pennsylvania 21st

Joseph Lawrence (W)
Died April 17, 1842

Thomas M. T. McKennan (W)
Seated May 30, 1842

Massachusetts 1st

Robert C. Winthrop (W)
Resigned May 25, 1842

Nathan Appleton (W)
Seated June 9, 1842

Massachusetts 9th

William S. Hastings (W)
Died June 17, 1842
Vacant
Not filled this Congress

South Carolina 4th

Sampson H. Butler (D)
Resigned September 27, 1842

Samuel W. Trotti (D)
Seated December 17, 1842

Massachusetts 1st

Nathan Appleton (W)
Resigned September 28, 1842

Robert C. Winthrop (W)
Seated November 29, 1842

Georgia At-large

Richard W. Habersham (W)
Died December 2, 1842

George W. Crawford (W)
Seated January 7, 1843

Maryland 3rd

James W. Williams (D)
Died December 2, 1842

Charles S. Sewall (D)
Seated January 2, 1843


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders.



Senate


  • Agriculture

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Claims

  • Commerce


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Finance


  • Fiscal Corporation of the United States (Select)

  • Foreign Relations

  • Indian Affairs

  • Judiciary

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Naval Affairs

  • Patents and the Patent Office

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Printing

  • Private Land Claims

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Roads and Canals


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Whole


House of Representatives


  • Accounts

  • Agriculture


  • Apportionment of Representatives (Select)

  • Claims

  • Commerce

  • District of Columbia

  • Elections

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Indian Affairs

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Manufactures


  • Memorial of the Agricultural Bank of Mississippi (Select)

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Naval Affairs

  • Patents

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Lands

  • Revisal and Unfinished Business

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Roads and Canals


  • Rules (Select)

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole


Joint committees


  • Enrolled Bills


Employees



  • Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan


Senate



  • Secretary: Asbury Dickens of North Carolina elected December 12, 1836


  • Sergeant at Arms:

    • Stephen Haight of New York, elected September 4, 1837


    • Edward Dyer of Maryland, elected March 8, 1841



  • Chaplain:

    • George G. Cookman, Methodist, elected December 31, 1839


    • Septimus Tustin, Presbyterian, elected June 12, 1841



House of Representatives



  • Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke of Pennsylvania, elected May 31, 1841


  • Sergeant at Arms: Eleazor M. Townsend of Connecticut, elected June 8, 1841


  • Doorkeeper: Joseph Follansbee of Massachusetts, elected June 8, 1841


  • Postmaster: William J. McCormick, elected June 8, 1841


  • Chaplain:

    • John W. French, Episcopalian, elected May 31, 1841


    • John N. Maffit, Methodist, elected December 6, 1841


    • Frederick T. Tiffany, Episcopalian, elected December 5, 1842



  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


See also



  • United States elections, 1840 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1840

    • United States Senate elections, 1840 and 1841

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1840



  • United States elections, 1842 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1842 and 1843

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1842



References





  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.


External links


  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Congressional Directory for the 27th Congress, 1st Session.







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