Jules Chéret
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Jules Chéret | |
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| Born | Jules Chéret (1836-05-31)31 May 1836 Paris, France |
| Died | 23 September 1932(1932-09-23) (aged 96) |
| Nationality | French |
| Education | École Nationale de Dessin |
| Known for | Lithography, Poster art |
| Movement | Art Nouveau |
| Awards | Légion d'honneur |
Jules Chéret (31 May 1836 – 23 September 1932) was a French painter and lithographer who became a master of Belle Époque poster art. He has been called the father of the modern poster.
Contents
1 Biography
2 Selected works
3 Figure studies
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Biography
L'Etendard Français, Chéret's 1891 poster for the bicycle shop on the Quai d'Orsay
Vin Mariani, Chéret's 1894 poster for the digestif and tonic wine fortified by coca
Born in Paris to a poor but creative family of artisans, Chéret had a very limited education. At age thirteen, he began a three-year apprenticeship with a lithographer and then his interest in painting led him to take an art course at the École Nationale de Dessin. Like most other fledgling artists, Chéret studied the techniques of various artists, past and present, by visiting Paris museums.
From 1859 to 1866, he was trained in lithography in London, England, where he was strongly influenced by the British approach to poster design and printing. On returning to France, Chéret created vivid poster ads for the cabarets, music halls, and theaters such as the Eldorado, the Olympia, the Folies Bergère, Théâtre de l'Opéra, the Alcazar d'Été and the Moulin Rouge. He created posters and illustrations for the satirical weekly Le Courrier français.
His works were influenced by the scenes of frivolity depicted in the works of Rococo artists such as Jean-Honoré Fragonard and Antoine Watteau. So much in demand was he, that he expanded his business to providing advertisements for the plays of touring troupes, municipal festivals, and then for beverages and liquors, perfumes, soaps, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Eventually he became a major advertising force, adding the railroad companies and a number of manufacturing businesses to his client list.
As his work became more popular and his large posters displaying modestly free-spirited females found a larger audience, pundits began calling him the "father of the women's liberation." Females had previously been depicted in art as prostitutes or puritans. The women of Chéret's posters, joyous, elegant and lively—'Cherettes', as they were popularly called—were neither. It was freeing for the women of Paris, and heralded a noticeably more open atmosphere in Paris where women were able to engage in formerly taboo activities, such as wearing low-cut bodices and smoking in public. These 'Cherettes' were widely seen and recognised, and a writer of the time said "It is difficult to conceive of Paris without its 'Cheréts' (sic)."[1]
In 1895, Chéret created the Maîtres de l'Affiche collection, a significant art publication of smaller sized reproductions featuring the best works of ninety-seven Parisian artists. His success inspired an industry that saw the emergence of a new generation of poster designers and painters such as Charles Gesmar and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. One of his students was Georges de Feure.
In his old age Chéret retired to the pleasant climate of the French Riviera at Nice. He died in 1932 at the age of ninety-six and was interred in the Cimetière Saint-Vincent in the Montmartre quarter of Paris.
He was awarded the Légion d'honneur by the French Government in 1890 for his outstanding contributions to the graphic arts. Although his paintings earned him a certain respect, it was his work creating advertising posters, taken on just to pay his bills but eventually his dedication, for which he is remembered today.[2]
In 1933 he was honoured with a posthumous exhibition of his work at the prestigious Salon d'Automne in Paris. Over the years, Chéret's posters became much sought after by collectors from around the world.
Selected works
Yvette Guilbert,
1891
Hippodrome,
Leona Dare, 1883
Casino de Paris,
Camille Stéfani, 1891
Quinquina Dubonnet,
1895
Moulin Rouge,
Paris, Cancan, 1890
Arlette Dorgère,
ca. 1890
Aperitif Mugnier, Dijon
1894
Bagnères de Luchon,
Fêtes des Fleurs, 1890
Alcazar d'Éte,
Lidia, 1893
Cacao Lhara,
ca. 1890
Saxoléine,
Pétrole de sureté
Folies Bergères,
Fleur de Lotus, 1893
Le Punch de Grassot, ca. 1890
Saxoléine,
Pétrole de sureté
Palais des Glaces
Taverne Olympia, Restaurant
Pippermint,
Get Frères
Pan,
a Journal of Satire
Théâtre de l'Opéra,
Carnaval 1894
Hippodrome de la Porte Maillot, Paris Courses
Théâtre de l'Opéra,
Carnaval 1896,
Grand Veglione de Gala
Exposition Universelle 1889, Le Pays des Feés
L´Aureole du Midi,
Pétrole de sureté
Folies Bergères,
Émilienne d’Alençon
Folies Bergères,
La Loïe Fuller
L'Amant des Danseuses Roman Moderniste
par Félicien Champsaur
Concert des Ambassadeurs,
Champs-Élysées
Casino d'Enghien
Recoloration des Cheveux par l'Eau des Sirènes
Jardin de Paris,
Fête de Nuit Bal
La Diaphane,
Poudre de Riz,
Sarah Bernhardt
Figure studies
"Dance," 1899
"Woman with fan," 1896
"Summer Concert," 1896
"Music," 1898
"Happiness," 1900
See also
- Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nice
- Poster
References
^ History and Development of Advertising 1929, page 496
^ "Biography at Cheret.info". Archived from the original on 2004-04-04. Retrieved 2007-03-03..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
External links
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jules Chéret. |
- Poster Gallery
- Father of modern poster
Jules-Cheret.org Hundreds of works by Jules Chéret
Ives, Colta Feller; Giambruni, Helen Emery; Newman, Sasha M (1989). "Pierre Bonnard: the Graphic Art". New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0-87099-566-9., an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Chéret (pp. 10, 93, 111, 146, 148, 149, 150, 203, 204, 126)- High Res Images of Jules Chéret available for download
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