University of Zagreb

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP































University of Zagreb
Sveučilište u Zagrebu
University of Zagreb logo.svg

Latin: Universitas Studiorum Zagrabiensis
TypePublic
Established23 September 1669; 349 years ago (23 September 1669)
Endowment328.5 million HRK
RectorDamir Boras
Academic staff
7,963 (2012)[1]
Students72,480 (2015)[2]
Postgraduates7243 (2007)
Doctoral students
842 (2007)
Location
Zagreb
,
Croatia

CampusCity wide, central
Colours    
AffiliationsEuropean University Association
Websiteunizg.hr

The University of Zagreb (Croatian: Sveučilište u Zagrebu, pronounced [sʋeǔt͡ʃiliːʃte u zǎːgrebu]; Latin: Universitas Studiorum Zagrabiensis) is the largest Croatian university and the oldest continuously operating university in the area covering Central Europe south of Vienna and all of Southeastern Europe.[3]


The history of the University began on September 23, 1669, when the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I issued a decree granting the establishment of the Jesuit Academy of the Royal Free City of Zagreb. The decree was accepted at the Council of the Croatian Kingdom on November 3, 1671. The Academy was run by the Jesuits for more than a century until the order was dissolved by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. In 1776, Empress Maria Theresa issued a decree founding the Royal Academy of Science which succeeded the previous Jesuit Academy. Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer proposed the founding of a University to the Croatian Parliament in 1861. Emperor Franz Joseph signed the decree on the establishment of the University of Zagreb in 1869. The Act of Founding was passed by the Parliament in 1874, and was ratified by the Emperor on January 5, 1874. On October 19, 1874, the Royal University of Franz Joseph I was officially opened.


The University is composed of 29 faculties, 3 art academies and 1 university center with more than 70.000 students. The University is as of 2018 at the 463rd place out of 1000 on the list of Universities of the world made by the Center for University World Rankings.[4]




Contents





  • 1 History

    • 1.1 Academy


    • 1.2 University



  • 2 Faculties

    • 2.1 Philosophy and Religious Sciences



  • 3 Rectors


  • 4 Rankings


  • 5 Legacy


  • 6 Gallery


  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


  • 9 External links




History



Academy


The beginnings of the later university date back to 23 September 1669 when Emperor and King Leopold I Habsburg issued a decree granting the establishment of the Jesuit Academy of the Royal Free City of Zagreb.[5] According to that document the study of philosophy in Zagreb acquired a formal and legal status as Neoacademia Zagrabiensis and officially became a public institution of higher education.




Filip Kaušić (1618-1673) was the first rector of the Academy


The academy was run by the Jesuits for more than a century until the order was dissolved by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. Under a new leadership in 1772 the academy enrolled a total of 200 students.


In 1776 Empress and Queen Maria Theresa issued a decree founding the Royal Academy of Science (Latin: Regia Scientiarum Academia).[5] It consisted of three studies or faculties of philosophy, theology, and law. The former political-cameral studies became part of the newly established faculty of law, and thus were integrated into the academy. Each of the faculties of the Royal Academy of Sciences had several chairs teaching one or several courses.


The academy in Zagreb remained until 1874, despite numerous organizational changes, the focal institution of higher education in Croatia, educating most of the members of the Croatian intelligentsia.



University


See also: Franz Joseph University (disambiguation)




Matija Mesić, first rector of the University




Promotion of new PhDs in 2015


Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer in 1861 proposed to the Croatian Parliament the founding of a university at Zagreb. During his visit in 1869, the Emperor Franz Joseph signed the decree on the establishment of the University of Zagreb. Five years later, the Parliament passed the Act of Founding, which was ratified by the Emperor on 5 January 1874. On 19 October 1874, a ceremony was held in the name of the founding of the Royal University of Franz Joseph I in Zagreb,[6] making it the third university in the Hungarian realm of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[7]


In 1874 the University had four faculties:


  • Law (Pravno-državoslovni fakultet)

  • Theology (Bogoslovni fakultet)

  • Philosophy (Mudroslovni fakultet)

  • Medicine (Liječnički fakultet)

The Faculty of Medicine was not put into function in 1874; it had to wait until 1917. The Faculty of Philosophy served as the general scientific faculty. Since 1876 it had geology, botany, physics, mathematics, and chemistry; since 1877 zoology; since 1882 pharmacy; since 1883 geography.


In 1860, the Royal Agriculture and Forestry College was founded in Križevci.[8] In 1898, the Academy of Forestry (Šumarska akademija) was founded as part of the Faculty of Philosophy, which encompassed all technical studies. In 1919, this school became the Faculty of Husbandry and Forestry.


In 1919, the School of Technology (Tehnička visoka škola) was founded, which was transformed into a university faculty in 1926. Also in 1919 the School of Veterinary Medicine (Veterinarska visoka škola) was founded; it transformed into a university faculty in 1925.




Great Hall of the University


In the Faculty of Philosophy, major reorganization ensued in the 1920s, as mathematics, pharmacy and other sciences started to split off, first with the creation of separate mathematics and pharmaceutical departments in 1928, when the faculty was renamed into its current name Filozofski fakultet.


In 1926, the university was composed of seven faculties:


  • Theology (Bogoslovni fakultet)

  • Law (Pravnički fakultet)

  • Medicine (Liječnički fakultet)

  • Philosophy (Mudroslovni fakultet)
    • Philosophy dept. (Filozofski odjel)

    • Pharmacy dept. (Farmaceutski odjel)


  • Husbandry and Forestry (Gospodarsko-šumarski fakultet)

  • Veterinary Medicine (Veterinarski fakultet)

  • Technology (Tehnički fakultet)
    • Construction dept. (Građevni odsjek)

    • Engineering dept. (Strojarski odsjek)

    • Chemical engineering dept. (Kemijsko-inženjerski odsjek)


During the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945), the university was known as the Croatian University (Hrvatsko sveučilište).


The individual departments of the Faculty of Philosophy became separate faculties in 1942, 1946 when the Faculty of Sciences was formed, and finally in 1963.


In 1956, the Faculty of Technology was divided into four faculties:


  • Architecture-Construction-Geodesy (Arhitektonsko-građevinsko-geodetski fakultet)

  • Electrical engineering (Elektrotehnički fakultet)

  • Mechanical engineering-Shipbuilding (Strojarsko-brodograđevni fakultet)

  • Chemistry-Food technology-Mining (Tehnološki fakultet)

These eventually split up into the current layout.


In 1999., the University decided to implement European Credit Transfer System - ECTS. When Croatia signed to be a part of The Bologna declaration, all of the universities in Croatia adopted this system of easily readable and comparable degrees.


University offers 160 undergraduate programmes (ba/bsc), 22 integrated undergraduate-graduate programmes, 9 vocational undergraduate programmes, 174 graduate programmes (ma/msc), 1 vocational graduate programme, 72 doctoral programmes (PhD) and 165 specialist postgraduate programmes.



Faculties


Natural sciences


  • Faculty of Science

Engineering


  • Faculty of Architecture

  • Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology

  • Faculty of Civil Engineering

  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing

  • Faculty of Geodesy


  • Faculty of Geotechnics (in Varaždin)

  • Faculty of Graphic Arts

  • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture


  • Faculty of Metallurgy (in Sisak)

  • Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering

  • Faculty of Textile Technology

  • Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences

Biomedical sciences


  • Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry

  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

  • School of Dental Medicine

  • School of Medicine

Biotechnology


  • Faculty of Agriculture

  • Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology

  • Faculty of Forestry

Social sciences


  • Faculty of Economics and Business

  • Faculty of Kinesiology

  • Faculty of Law

  • Faculty of Organization and Informatics in Varaždin

  • Faculty of Political Science

  • Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation

  • Faculty of Teacher Education

Humanities


  • Catholic Faculty of Theology

  • Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

  • University Centre for Croatian Studies

The arts


  • Academy of Dramatic Art

  • Academy of Fine Arts

  • Academy of Music


Philosophy and Religious Sciences

















Faculty of Philosophy and Religious Sciences
FFRZzagreb.png
Former names
Faculty of Philosophy of the Society of Jesus (FFDI)
Type
Jesuit, Catholic
Established1662; 357 years ago (1662)
ChancellorDalibor Renić
DeanProf. Ivan Koprek
Location
Jordanovac 110, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
WebsiteFFRZ

Faculty of Philosophy and Religious Sciences (FFRZ) is a part of the University of Zagreb, Croatia It remains a work of the Society of Jesus and traces its origins to 1662.


FFRZ in Zagreb began as a Jesuit school of philosophy on 6 November 1662 with the establishment of the Philosophy Department at Zagreb College, which would become the University of Zagreb.[9]


The Faculty of Philosophy of the Society of Jesus (FFDI) closed in 1773 due to the suppression of the Society of Jesus, and the Jesuit philosophy school in Zagreb did not reopen until 1937, when it offered a three-year course leading to the licentiate in philosophy, as it does today.[10]


On 31 July 1989 the Congregation for Catholic Education of the Holy See decreed that the Faculty of Philosophy could confer the baccalaureate, licentiate, and doctorate in philosophy.[11]


With a decision of 7 October 1992, the Ministry of Science and Technology entered FFDI into the register as a Scientific Research Organization in philosophy and it became a part of the Croatian Studies Department of the University of Zagreb.


On 8 December 2016, the Senate of the University of Zagreb determined that FFDI would become a faculty and equal component of the University under the title Faculty of Philosophy and Religious Sciences (FFRZ).[12][10]


Undergraduates may major in Philosophy and Religious Sciences, Philosophy, or Philosophy and Latin Language. Graduate students may major in Philosophy or Religious Science. FFRZ also offers post-graduate studies.[13]


FFRZ has a formal relationship with Laudato TV to "work together to promote and implement educational, cultural and scientific activities in the Christian and humanistic atmosphere".[14]




Palace of the University and the Faculty of Law, Republic of Croatia Square


In 2017 there were two current research studies at the Faculty of Philosophy and Religious Sciences:


  • Practical ethics and commitment to the common good in times of crisis. Is there a place for virtue in Croatian society?

  • Christian philosophy within the Croatian philosophy of the 20th century.[15]

On 5 May 2017 a symposium was held on "Religions and Migration: Displaced Persons and Refugees".[16]


The faculty is led by a chancellor and his deputy along with a dean and vice-dean. The chancellor is Arturo Sosa, General Superior of the Society of Jesus based in Rome. His deputy is Dalibor Renić, Provincial Superior of the Croatian Province of the Society of Jesus based in Zagreb. The dean is Prof. Ivan Koprek,[17] The Faculty Council is composed of all regular and extraordinary professors and the Faculty Conference includes all current lecturers, student representatives, and faculty officials.[18]



Rectors








01. Matija Mesić (1874–75)


02. Stjepan Spevec (1875–76)


03. Anton Kržan (1876–77)


04. Konstantin Vojnović (1877–78)


05. Franjo Maixner (1878–79)


06. Franjo Iveković (1879–80)


07. Aleksandar Bresztyenszky (1880–81)


08. Franjo Marković (1881–82)


09. Feliks Suk (1882–83)

10. Blaž Lorković (1883–84)

11. Đuro Pilar (1884–85)

12. Gustav Baron (1885–86)

13. Franjo Vrbanić (1886–87)

14. Tadija Smičiklas (1887–88)

15. Antun Franki (1888–89)

16. Luka Marjanović (1889–90)

17. Natko Nodilo (1890–91)

18. Ivan Bujanović (1891–92)

19. Josip Pliverić (1892–93)

20. Vinko Dvořák (1893–94)

21. Antun Maurović (1894–95)

22. Franjo Spevec (1895–96)

23. Armin Pavić (1896–97)

24. Juraj Dočkal (1897–98)

25. Josip Šilović (1898–99)


26. Đuro Arnold (1899–1900)

27. Rudolf Vimer (1900–01)

28. Franjo Vrbanić (1901–02)

29. Vjekoslav Klaić (1902–03)

30. Ivan Bujanović (1903–04)

31. Josip Pliverić (1904–05)

32. Antun Heinz (1905–06)

33. Antun Bauer (1906–07)

34. Milivoj-Klement Maurović (1907–08)

35. Gustav Janeček (1908–09)

36. Josip Volović (1909–10)

37. Julije Rorauer (1910–11)

38. Julije Domac (1911–12)

39. Josip Pazman (1912–13)

40. Edo Lovrić (1913–14)

41. Đuro Korbler (1914–15)

42. Fran Barac (1915–16)

43. Ernest Miler (1916–17)

44. Julije Golik (1917–18)

45. Ivan Angelo Ruspini (1918–19)

46. Ladislav Polić (1919–20)

47. Karlo Radoničić (1920–21)

48. Vladimir Varićak (1921–22)

49. Đuro Nenadić (1922–23)

50. Stjepan Zimmerman (1923–24)


51. Ladislav Polić (1924–25)

52. Drago Perović (1925–26)

53. Ernest Miler (1926–28)

54. Josip Belobrk (1928–32)

55. Albert Bazala (1932–33)

56. Đuro Stipetić (1933–35)

57. Stanko Hondl (1935–37)

58. Edo Lovrić (1937–38)

59. Andrija Živković (1938–40)

60. Stjepan Ivšić (1940–43)

61. Božidar Špišić (1943–44)

62. Stjepan Horvat (1944–45)

63. Andrija Štampar (1945–46)

64. Grga Novak (1946–47)

65. Andro Mohorovičić (1947–49)

66. Marko Kostrenčić (1949–50)

67. Antun Barac (1950–51)

68. Fran Bošnjaković (1951–52)

69. Teodor Varićak (1952–53)

70. Željko Marković (1953–54)

71. Hrvoje Iveković (1954–56)

72. Zoran Bujas (1956–58)

73. Marijan Horvat (1958–60)

74. Vladimir Serdar (1960–63)

75. Slavko Macarol (1963–66)


76. Jakov Sirotković (1966–68)

77. Ivan Supek (1968–72)

78. Predrag Vranicki (1972–76)

79. Drago Grdenić (1976–78)

80. Ivan Jurković (1978–82)

81. Zvonimir Krajina (1982–86)

82. Vladimir Stipetić (1986–88)

83. Zvonimir Šeparović (1988–90)

84. Marijan Šunjić (1990–98)

85. Branko Jeren (1998–2002)

86. Tomislav Ivančić (2001)*

87. Helena Jasna Mencer (2002–06)

88. Aleksa Bjeliš (2006–14)

89. Damir Boras (2014–)


*Ivančić was elected rector in 2001, but resigned due to health reasons before his term started.[19]

Source: List of rectors at the University of Zagreb website


Rankings





University rankings
Global

THE World[20]		801-1000

In 2017, Times Higher Education ranked the university within the 801-1000 band globally.[20]



Legacy


Since 1874, more than 200,000 students have received a bachelor's degree, more than 18,000 a master's, and more than 8,000 a doctorate from the University of Zagreb.



Gallery





  • Faculty of Architecture







  • Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences







  • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture







  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing







  • School of Medicine







  • Faculty of Science







  • Faculty of Textile Technology







  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine







  • Faculty of Political Science







  • Faculty of Forestry







  • Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences







  • Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation







  • Academy of Music







  • Academy of Dramatic Arts







  • Catholic Faculty of Theology





See also



  • Portal-puzzle.svg University of Zagreb portal

  • Balkan Universities Network

  • List of modern universities in Europe (1801–1945)

  • List of universities in Croatia

  • National and University Library Zagreb


References




  1. ^ http://www.unizg.hr/fileadmin/rektorat/Studiji_studiranje/Studiji/Kvaliteta/Upravljanje_kvalitetom/Samoanliza_i_dokumentacija_za_vanjsku_neovisnu_prosudbu.pdf


  2. ^ Konecki, Mario Konecki, Mladen. "Homepage". www.unizg.hr..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ Thomas, Liz; Wright, Malcolm (2011). Institutional Transformation to Engage a Diverse Student Body. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 236. ISBN 9780857249036.


  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-07-22. Retrieved 2015-07-19.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  5. ^ ab Rüegg, Walter: "European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence between 1812 and the End of 1944: A Chronological List", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 3: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004,
    ISBN 978-0-521-36107-1, p. 685


  6. ^ History of the University of Zagreb at public.carnet.hr


  7. ^ Charle, Christophe: "Patterns", in Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 3: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004,
    ISBN 978-0-521-36107-1, p. 41


  8. ^ Husinec, Renata, and Dejan Marenčić. n.d. "Križevci College of Agriculture." Archived 2009-12-29 at the Wayback Machine Accessed: April 13, 2013.


  9. ^ "Izdvojeno 7.11.2017. – Dan Fakulteta filozofije i religijskih znanosti". LaudatoTV (in Croatian). Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  10. ^ ab prekimaster. "O fakultetu". www.ffdi.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  11. ^ "Philosophers in Jesuit Education Missions Page". www.slu.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  12. ^ Konecki, Mario Konecki, Mladen. "Filozofski fakultet Družbe Isusove postaje 34. sastavnica Sveučilišta u Zagrebu". www.unizg.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  13. ^ prekimaster. "Poslijediplomski studij". www.ffdi.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  14. ^ Robi. "HRsvijet.net - Laudato TV ostvarila suradnju s Fakultetom filozofije i religijskih znanosti". hrsvijet.net (in Croatian). Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  15. ^ prekimaster. "Znanstveni projekti". www.ffdi.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  16. ^ ""Religije i migracije: prognanici i izbjeglice" – znanstveni simpozij - Book". Book (in Croatian). 2017-05-04. Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  17. ^ "Dr. Ivan Koprek novi dekan Fakulteta filozofije i religijskih znanosti". HRK. Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  18. ^ prekimaster. "Uprava". www.ffdi.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 2017-11-18.


  19. ^ http://www.unizg.hr/fileadmin/rektorat/O_Sveucilistu/Tijela_sluzbe/Senat/Sjednice/2001_2002/zapisnik_2001_2002_20122001.pdf


  20. ^ ab "World University Rankings". timeshighereducation.com. 18 August 2017.




External links


  • Official website





Coordinates: 45°48′38.42″N 15°58′12.35″E / 45.8106722°N 15.9700972°E / 45.8106722; 15.9700972






-

Popular posts from this blog

倭马亚王朝

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox captiontext-align:center 倭马亚王朝 بنو أمية ‎ 661年－750年 国旗 倭马亚哈里发国的版图 首都 大马士革（661-744） 哈兰（744-750） 常用语言 阿拉伯语（官方），亚拉姆语，亚美尼亚语，柏柏尔语族，非洲罗曼语，科普特语，格鲁吉亚语，希腊语，希伯来语，突厥语族，库尔德语 [1] ，波斯语，莫札拉布语 宗教 伊斯兰教逊尼派 政府 君主制 哈里发   • 661年–680年 穆阿威叶一世 • 744年–750年 马尔万二世 历史   • 穆阿威叶哈里发 661年 • 阿拔斯家族战胜并杀死马尔万二世，王朝灭亡 750年 面积 750年 13,400,000 km 2 人口 • 750年 34000000 货币 倭马亚第纳尔 先前国 继承国 四大哈里发 拜占庭帝国 西哥特王国 阿拔斯王朝 后倭马亚王朝 大伊朗地區歷史 現代國家興起前 現代之前 伊斯蘭之前 俾什达迪王朝 神话时期 凯扬王朝 （ 英语 ： Kayanian dynasty ） 神话时期 史前 （ 英语 ： Prehistoric Iran ） 埃蘭文明 前3200年－前2800年 埃蘭王朝 前2800年－前550年 吉罗夫特文化 （ 英语 ： Jiroft culture ） 卢卢比人 （ 英语 ： Lullubi ） 古提人 塞尔提亚人 （ 英语 ： Cyrtian ） 科杜内 （ 英语 ： Corduene ） 巴克特里亞-馬爾吉阿納 前2200年－前1700年 馬納王國 前10–前7世紀 米底王國 前728年－前550年 斯基泰王国 前652年–前625年 阿契美尼德王朝 前550年－前330年 塞琉古帝國 前330年－前150年 希腊-巴克特里亚王国 前250年－前125年 帕提亞帝國 前224年－公元248年 公元后 貴霜帝國 30–275年 薩珊王朝 224–651年 阿夫里格王朝 305–995年 嚈噠帝國 425–557年 喀布爾-夏希王朝 565–879年 达不义德王朝 （ 英语 ： Dabu
Read more

Gabbro

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP A coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock Gabbro Photomicrograph of a thin section of gabbro Gabbro ( / ˈ ɡ æ b r oʊ / ) is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro is chemically equivalent to rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term "gabbro" may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic". Contents 1 Etymology 2 Petrology 3 Distribution 4 Uses 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Etymology The term "gabbro" was used in the 1760s to name a set of rock types that were found in the ophiolites of the Apenn
Read more

托萊多 (西班牙)

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox captiontext-align:center 托萊多 城市 Toledo 托莱多的夕照景色——左邊的托莱多城堡和右邊的托莱多主教座堂在天際線中顯眼 旗幟 徽章 托萊多 坐标： 39°51′24″N 4°1′28″W  /  39.85667°N 4.02444°W  / 39.85667; -4.02444 坐标： 39°51′24″N 4°1′28″W  /  39.85667°N 4.02444°W  / 39.85667; -4.02444 國家   西班牙 西班牙 自治區   卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰 省 托萊多省 地区 托萊多 司法辖区 托萊多 聚居 約前7世紀 政府  • 市长 Emiliano García-Page Sánchez （PSOE） 面积  • 陸地 232.1 平方公里（89.6 平方英里） 海拔 529 米（1,736 英尺） 人口 （2015年）INE  • 總計 83,226  • 密度 35,904/平方公里（92,990/平方英里） 邮编 45001-45009 電話區號 +34 網站 http://www.ayto-toledo.org/ 托莱多 （西班牙語： Toledo ， 西班牙語： [toˈleðo] ），又稱 杜麗多 ，是西班牙中部的一个自治市，位于马德里西南约70公里。托莱多是托莱多省的首府，也是其所在的卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰自治区的首府。该市2017年人口83,741人 [1] 。 托莱多始於羅馬時期，在腓力二世前為卡斯蒂利亞王國（後西班牙王國）首都。它因其保存完好的基督教、伊斯兰教和犹太教建筑而在1986年被评为世界文化遺產，有哥德式、摩爾式、巴洛克式和新古典式各類教堂、寺院、修道院、王宮、城牆、博物館等古建築70多處。 目录 1 纹章 2 歷史事件 3 地理 4 气候 5 著名景点 6 友好城市 7 著名人物 8 图集 9 参考文献 10 外部連結 纹章 托莱多纹章 托莱多的纹章据称是由查理五世授予的。纹章由带着盾徽的黑色的帝国双头鹰组成。盾徽是卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂的纹章，下面有石榴图案。盾徽被金羊毛勋章垂饰所环绕。双头
Read more