United States special operations forces

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP





United States special operations forces (SOF) are components of the Department of Defense's United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM).


The U.S. military definition of Special Operations Forces according to the Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms is "Those Active and Reserve Component forces of the Military Services designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called SOF".[1] The definition in the DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms references Joint Publication 3-05.1 – Joint Special Operations Task Force Operations (JP 3-05.1) as its source.[1][2]




Contents





  • 1 Composition

    • 1.1 Joint Special Operations Command


    • 1.2 United States Air Force


    • 1.3 United States Army


    • 1.4 United States Marine Corps


    • 1.5 United States Navy



  • 2 SOF career fields

    • 2.1 United States Army


    • 2.2 United States Marine Corps


    • 2.3 United States Navy


    • 2.4 United States Air Force



  • 3 U.S. special operations centers, schools, and courses


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links




Composition


Component commands

  • United States Special Operations Command (SOCOM)[3]

    • Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC)[3]


    • United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC)[3]


    • United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC)[3]


    • United States Naval Special Warfare Command (NSWC)[3]


    • United States Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC)[3]


    • Theater Special Operations Commands

      • Special Operations Command Africa (SOCAFRICA)[3]


      • Special Operations Command Central (SOCCENT)[3]


      • Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR)[3]
        • Joint Special Operations Air Component Europe


      • Special Operations Command Pacific (SOCPAC)[3]


      • Special Operations Command South (SOCSOUTH)[3][4]


      • Special Operations Command North (SOCNORTH)[5][3]


      • Special Operations Command Korea (SOCKOR)[3]


★★★ Represents a unit led by a Lieutenant General or Vice Admiral

★★ Represents a unit led by a Major General or Rear Admiral (upper half)

★ Represents a unit led by a Brigadier General or Rear Admiral (lower half)


Joint Special Operations Command


Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) ★★★[6]



  • 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne) (USA)


  • 24th Special Tactics Squadron (USAF)


  • 427th Special Operations Squadron[7] (USAF)


  • Flight Concepts Division[7] (USA)


  • Intelligence Support Activity (USA)


  • Joint Communications Unit[8] (Joint Service)


  • Naval Special Warfare Development Group (USN)


United States Air Force


Note: nonoperations-related squadrons are not included for a condensed list of units



Air Force Special Tactics Commandos training in Jordan


.mw-parser-output .treeview ulpadding:0;margin:0.mw-parser-output .treeview lipadding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none.mw-parser-output .treeview li libackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-childbackground-position:0 -5971px.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-childbackground-position:0 9px


  • Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) ★★★[6]

    • 1st Special Operations Wing[6]
      • 1st Special Operations Group[9]

        • 4th Special Operations Squadron[9]


        • 8th Special Operations Squadron[9]


        • 9th Special Operations Squadron[9]


        • 15th Special Operations Squadron[9]


        • 23d Weather Squadron[9]


        • 34th Special Operations Squadron[9]


        • 319th Special Operations Squadron[9]



    • 24th Special Operations Wing[6]

      • 720th Special Tactics Group[10]

        • 17th Special Tactics Squadron[10]


        • 21st Special Tactics Squadron[10]

        • 22d Special Tactics Squadron[10]


        • 23d Special Tactics Squadron[10]


        • 26th Special Tactics Squadron[10]



      • 724th Special Tactics Group[10]

        • 24th Special Tactics Squadron[10]

        • 724th Intelligence Squadron[10]




    • 27th Special Operations Wing[6]
      • 27th Special Operations Group[11]

        • 3rd Special Operations Squadron[11]


        • 9th Special Operations Squadron[11]


        • 16th Special Operations Squadron[11]


        • 20th Special Operations Squadron[11]


        • 33rd Special Operations Squadron[11]


        • 56th Special Operations Intelligence Squadron[11]


        • 73rd Special Operations Squadron[11]


        • 318th Special Operations Squadron[11]


        • 524th Special Operations Squadron[11]



    • 193d Special Operations Wing (Air National Guard)[6]
      • 193d Special Operations Squadron


    • 919th Special Operations Wing (Air Force Reserve)[6]
      • 919th Special Operations Group[12]

        • 2d Special Operations Squadron[12]


        • 5th Special Operations Squadron[12]


        • 711th Special Operations Squadron[12]



    • 352d Special Operations Wing (Provisional)[6]

      • 7th Special Operations Squadron[13]


      • 67th Special Operations Squadron[13]


      • 321st Special Tactics Squadron[13]



    • 353rd Special Operations Group[6]

      • 1st Special Operations Squadron[14]


      • 17th Special Operations Squadron[14]

      • Detachment 1, 43rd Intelligence Squadron[14]

      • 320th Special Tactics Squadron[14]


    • Air Force Special Operations Air Warfare Center ★★[6]

      • 19th Special Operations Squadron[15]


      • 5th Special Operations Squadron (Air Force Reserve)[15]


      • 6th Special Operations Squadron[15]


      • 18th Flight Test Squadron[15]


      • 280th Combat Communications Squadron[15]

      • 371st Special Operations Combat Training Squadron[15]


      • 551st Special Operations Squadron[15]


      • United States Air Force Special Operations School[15]




United States Army




Army Rangers during a training operation.





  • United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) ★★★[6]

    • 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) ★★[6]
      • Special Forces Regiment[6]

        • 1st Special Forces Group (Airborne)[6]


        • 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne)[6]


        • 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne)[6]


        • 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne)[6]


        • 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne)[6]


        • 19th Special Forces Group (Airborne) (Army National Guard)[6]


        • 20th Special Forces Group (Airborne) (Army National Guard)[6]


      • Military Information Support Operations[6]

        • 4th Military Information Support Group (Airborne)[6]


        • 8th Military Information Support Group (Airborne)[6]



      • 95th Civil Affairs Brigade (Airborne)[6]
        • 91st Civil Affairs Battalion[6]

        • 92nd Civil Affairs Battalion[6]

        • 96th Civil Affairs Battalion[6]

        • 97th Civil Affairs Battalion[6]

        • 98th Civil Affairs Battalion[6]



      • 528th Sustainment Brigade, Special Operations (Airborne)[6]
        • 112th Signal Battalion[6]

        • Special Troops Battalion[6]

        • 195th Support Company (Army National Guard)[6]

        • 197th Support Company[6]




    • 75th Ranger Regiment[6]

      • 1st Ranger Battalion[6]


      • 2nd Ranger Battalion[6]


      • 3rd Ranger Battalion[6]


      • Special Troops Battalion[6]
        • Regimental Reconnaissance Company


    • Special Operations Aviation Command (USASOAC) ★[6]

      • 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)[6]

      • Special Operations Aviation Training Battalion[6]



    • United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School (USAJFKSWCS) ★★[6]
      • 1st Special Warfare Training Group (Airborne)[6]

      • Special Warfare Education Group (Airborne)[6]

      • Special Warfare Medical Group (Airborne)[6]




United States Marine Corps




Marine Raiders fine-tune Visit, Board, Search and Seizure skills.





  • United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC) ★★[6]

    • Marine Raider Regiment[6]

      • 1st Marine Raider Battalion[6]


      • 2d Marine Raider Battalion[6]


      • 3d Marine Raider Battalion[6]



    • Marine Raider Support Group[6]

      • 1st Marine Raider Support Battalion[6]


      • 2d Marine Raider Support Battalion[6]


      • 3d Marine Raider Support Battalion[6]



    • Marine Special Operations School[6]



United States Navy




Navy SEALs during night operation in Afghanistan.





  • Naval Special Warfare Command (NAVSPECWARCOM) ★★[6]
    • Naval Special Warfare Group ONE[6]

      • SEAL Team 1[6]


      • SEAL Team 3[6]


      • SEAL Team 5[6]


      • SEAL Team 7[6]

      • Logistics Support Unit 1[6]

      • Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Unit 1[6]

      • Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Unit 3[6]


    • Naval Special Warfare Group TWO[6]

      • SEAL Team 2[6]


      • SEAL Team 4[6]


      • SEAL Team 8[6]


      • SEAL Team 10[6]

      • Logistics Support Unit 2[6]

      • Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Unit 2[6]

      • Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Unit 4[6]

      • Naval Special Warfare Unit (NSW) 10[6]


    • Naval Special Warfare Group THREE[6]
      • SEAL Delivery Vehicle Team 1 (SDVT-1)[6]

      • Logistics Support Unit 3[6]

      • SEAL Delivery Vehicle Detachment 1[6]


    • Naval Special Warfare Group FOUR[6]
      • Special Boat Team 12 (SBT-12)[6]

      • Special Boat Team 20 (SBT-20)[6]

      • Special Boat Team 22 (SBT-22)[6]

      • Naval Small Craft Instruction and Technical Training School (NAVSCIATTS)[6]


    • Naval Special Warfare Group TEN[6]
      • Support Activity 1[6]

      • Support Activity 2[6]

      • Mission Support Center[6]

      • Cultural Engagement Unit[6]


    • Naval Special Warfare Group ELEVEN[6]

      • SEAL Team 17 (Navy Reserve)[6]


      • SEAL Team 18 (Navy Reserve)[6]



    • Naval Special Warfare Center[6]
      • Basic Training Command[6]

      • Advanced Training Command[6]




SOF career fields



United States Army


  • Special Forces

  • Rangers

  • Military Information Support Operators (Psychological Operations)

  • Civil Affairs Soldiers

Enablers[3]
  • Sustainers

  • Army Special Operations Aviators

  • Military Intelligence and other Special Operations/Support with enlisted Special Qualification (SQI) Identifier "S" or "K9" for Officers.


United States Marine Corps



  • United States Marine Corps Critical Skills Operator (CSO)
Enablers[3]
  • Special Operations Capabilities Specialist

  • Combat Services Specialist


United States Navy


  • Navy SEALs


  • Special warfare combatant-craft crewmen (SWCC)


  • Special amphibious reconnaissance corpsman (SARC)

Enablers[3]
  • United States Navy EOD

  • Mobile Communications Team


United States Air Force



  • Combat Control (CCT)


  • Special Operations Weather Technician (SOWT)


  • Special Tactics Officer (STO)

  • Special Operations Surgical Team (SOST)


  • Pararescuemen*


  • Combat Rescue Officer*


  • Tactical Air Control Party (ST TACP) – enlisted **


  • Air Liaison Officer (ST ALO) ***

* Not all PJs/CROs are assigned to AFSOC; many are assigned to Rescue Squadrons within ACC, PACAF, and USAFE. There is no difference in training or selection between Rescue and Special Tactics assignments.[16]


** ALO/TACP Airmen must undergo additional selection and training to be assigned to AFSOC Special Tactics Squadrons. Most are assigned to ACC and support conventional Army Units.[17]



U.S. special operations centers, schools, and courses


  • International Special Training Center (ISTC) – Pfullendorf, Federal Republic of Germany


  • Joint Special Operations University – Hurlburt Field

  • Advanced Special Operations Techniques Course (ASOTC) – Fort Bragg


  • John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School – Fort Bragg

  • Military Free Fall Advanced Tactical Infiltration Course (ATIC) – Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona


  • Naval Special Warfare Center – Coronado, California


  • Naval Special Warfare Advanced Training Command, Imperial Beach, CA

  • Recon and Surveillance Leaders Course (RSLC) – Fort Benning, Georgia

  • Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat (SFAUC) – Fort Bragg

  • Special Forces Combat Diver Qualification Course – Key West, Florida

  • Special Forces Sniper Course (SFSC) – Fort Bragg

  • Special Forces Advanced Targeting Reconnaissance Target Analysis Exploitation Techniques (SFARTAETC)

  • Special Forces Physical Surveillance Course

  • SOF Sensitive Site Exploitation, Technical Exploitation Course

  • SOF Sensitive Site Exploitation, Operator Advanced Course

  • Special Forces Master Mountaineering Course (Level 1)

  • Special Forces Senior Mountaineering Course (Level 2)

  • Winter Warfare, Mountain and Cold Weather Operations

  • Special Forces Technical Surveillance (SFTSC)


  • Marine Special Operations School – Camp Lejeune
    • Marine Corps Special Operations Training Group

  • US Army Ranger Assessment and Selection Program (RASP) – Fort Benning, Georgia

  • US Army Small Unit Ranger Tactics (SURT) – Fort Benning, Georgia


  • USAF Combat Dive Course – NDSTC Panama City, Florida

  • USAF Combat Control School – Pope Field, North Carolina

  • USAF Pararescue Recovery Specialist Course – Kirtland AFB, NM


  • USAF Special Operations School – Hurlburt Field, FL
    • Special Tactics Training Squadron

  • Special Operations Terminal Attack Control Course (SOTACC), Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona[18]


  • JTAC Advanced Instructor Course – Nellis AFB, NV[19]


  • Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center, Naval Air Station Fallon, NV

  • US Navy Rescue Swimmer school, Pensacola, Florida

  • US Coast Guard Special Mission Training Center, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina


See also


  • U.S. Coast Guard Deployable Specialized Forces

  • Military Liaison Element


References




  1. ^ ab special operations forces. Dtic.mil. Retrieved on 2014-05-24.


  2. ^ "Joint Special Operations Task Force Operations" (PDF). 26 April 2007. p. GP-15 (Glossary page). Retrieved 2013-09-19..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  3. ^ abcdefghijklmnop "SOCOM 2014 Factbook" (PDF). 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2014.


  4. ^ Special Operations Command South


  5. ^ U.S. Special Operations Command, North (Provisional Command) > U.S. Northern Command > Article View. Northcom.mil (2013-05-16). Retrieved on 2014-05-24.


  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqarasatauavawaxayazbabbbcbdbebfbgbhbibjbkblbmbnbobpbqbrbsbtbubvbwbxbybzcacbcccdcecfcgchcicjckclcmcncocp SOCOM Public Affairs (2015). SOCOM Fact Book 2015 (PDF). SOCOM Public Affairs.


  7. ^ ab http://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/8125/shedding-some-light-on-the-pentagons-most-shadowy-aviation-units


  8. ^ http://www.jcu.mil//


  9. ^ abcdefgh "1st Special Operations Group fact sheet". July 1, 2015.


  10. ^ abcdefghi "24th Special Operations Wing fact sheet". July 1, 2015.


  11. ^ abcdefghij "27th Special Operations Wing fact sheet". July 1, 2015.


  12. ^ abcd "919th Special Operations Wing fact sheet". July 1, 2015.


  13. ^ abc "352d Special Operations Wing fact sheet". July 1, 2015.


  14. ^ abcd "353rd Special Operations Group fact sheet". July 1, 2015.


  15. ^ abcdefgh "Air Force Special Operations Air Warfare Center". 1 July 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.


  16. ^ https://www.pararescue.com/unit-info


  17. ^ http://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/858167/policy-changes-allow-airmen-to-retrain-into-special-ops/


  18. ^ http://www.yumasun.com/news/military_news/air-force-becomes-newest-ypg-tenant/article_86301f97-82f9-57a8-8f72-c741ed862483.html


  19. ^ "Enlisted heroes receive graduate-level education at Weapons School". 6 February 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.



  • United States Department of Defense (5 June 2003). "US DOD Dictionary of Military Terms: Joint Acronyms and Abbreviations". United States Department of Defense. United States of America. Retrieved 11 January 2004.


  • CSM Eric Haney (retired, former Delta Force operator and founding member) (2002). Inside Delta Force: The Story of America's Elite Counterterrorist Unit. Delacorte Press. ISBN 0-385-33603-9.


  • Linda Robinson (2004). Masters of Chaos: The Secret History of the Special Forces. PublicAffairs. ISBN 1-58648-249-1.


  • Mark Bowden (1999). Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern Warfare. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 0-87113-738-0.


  • Sean Naylor (2005). Not a Good Day to Die: The Untold Story of Operation Anaconda. The Berkeley Publishing Group. ISBN 0-425-19609-7.


  • "Special Forces Units". Retrieved 8 October 2006.


  • Feickert, Andrew (January 6, 2017). U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 18 April 2018.


External links


  • David Ignatius: Learning to Fight a War – Washington Post, 2008-02-10

  • US Special Operation Forces – 2009 SOCOM Factbook

  • American Special Operations Forces







-

Popular posts from this blog

倭马亚王朝

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox captiontext-align:center 倭马亚王朝 بنو أمية ‎ 661年－750年 国旗 倭马亚哈里发国的版图 首都 大马士革（661-744） 哈兰（744-750） 常用语言 阿拉伯语（官方），亚拉姆语，亚美尼亚语，柏柏尔语族，非洲罗曼语，科普特语，格鲁吉亚语，希腊语，希伯来语，突厥语族，库尔德语 [1] ，波斯语，莫札拉布语 宗教 伊斯兰教逊尼派 政府 君主制 哈里发   • 661年–680年 穆阿威叶一世 • 744年–750年 马尔万二世 历史   • 穆阿威叶哈里发 661年 • 阿拔斯家族战胜并杀死马尔万二世，王朝灭亡 750年 面积 750年 13,400,000 km 2 人口 • 750年 34000000 货币 倭马亚第纳尔 先前国 继承国 四大哈里发 拜占庭帝国 西哥特王国 阿拔斯王朝 后倭马亚王朝 大伊朗地區歷史 現代國家興起前 現代之前 伊斯蘭之前 俾什达迪王朝 神话时期 凯扬王朝 （ 英语 ： Kayanian dynasty ） 神话时期 史前 （ 英语 ： Prehistoric Iran ） 埃蘭文明 前3200年－前2800年 埃蘭王朝 前2800年－前550年 吉罗夫特文化 （ 英语 ： Jiroft culture ） 卢卢比人 （ 英语 ： Lullubi ） 古提人 塞尔提亚人 （ 英语 ： Cyrtian ） 科杜内 （ 英语 ： Corduene ） 巴克特里亞-馬爾吉阿納 前2200年－前1700年 馬納王國 前10–前7世紀 米底王國 前728年－前550年 斯基泰王国 前652年–前625年 阿契美尼德王朝 前550年－前330年 塞琉古帝國 前330年－前150年 希腊-巴克特里亚王国 前250年－前125年 帕提亞帝國 前224年－公元248年 公元后 貴霜帝國 30–275年 薩珊王朝 224–651年 阿夫里格王朝 305–995年 嚈噠帝國 425–557年 喀布爾-夏希王朝 565–879年 达不义德王朝 （ 英语 ： Dabu
Read more

Gabbro

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP A coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock Gabbro Photomicrograph of a thin section of gabbro Gabbro ( / ˈ ɡ æ b r oʊ / ) is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro is chemically equivalent to rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term "gabbro" may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic". Contents 1 Etymology 2 Petrology 3 Distribution 4 Uses 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Etymology The term "gabbro" was used in the 1760s to name a set of rock types that were found in the ophiolites of the Apenn
Read more

托萊多 (西班牙)

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox captiontext-align:center 托萊多 城市 Toledo 托莱多的夕照景色——左邊的托莱多城堡和右邊的托莱多主教座堂在天際線中顯眼 旗幟 徽章 托萊多 坐标： 39°51′24″N 4°1′28″W  /  39.85667°N 4.02444°W  / 39.85667; -4.02444 坐标： 39°51′24″N 4°1′28″W  /  39.85667°N 4.02444°W  / 39.85667; -4.02444 國家   西班牙 西班牙 自治區   卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰 省 托萊多省 地区 托萊多 司法辖区 托萊多 聚居 約前7世紀 政府  • 市长 Emiliano García-Page Sánchez （PSOE） 面积  • 陸地 232.1 平方公里（89.6 平方英里） 海拔 529 米（1,736 英尺） 人口 （2015年）INE  • 總計 83,226  • 密度 35,904/平方公里（92,990/平方英里） 邮编 45001-45009 電話區號 +34 網站 http://www.ayto-toledo.org/ 托莱多 （西班牙語： Toledo ， 西班牙語： [toˈleðo] ），又稱 杜麗多 ，是西班牙中部的一个自治市，位于马德里西南约70公里。托莱多是托莱多省的首府，也是其所在的卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰自治区的首府。该市2017年人口83,741人 [1] 。 托莱多始於羅馬時期，在腓力二世前為卡斯蒂利亞王國（後西班牙王國）首都。它因其保存完好的基督教、伊斯兰教和犹太教建筑而在1986年被评为世界文化遺產，有哥德式、摩爾式、巴洛克式和新古典式各類教堂、寺院、修道院、王宮、城牆、博物館等古建築70多處。 目录 1 纹章 2 歷史事件 3 地理 4 气候 5 著名景点 6 友好城市 7 著名人物 8 图集 9 参考文献 10 外部連結 纹章 托莱多纹章 托莱多的纹章据称是由查理五世授予的。纹章由带着盾徽的黑色的帝国双头鹰组成。盾徽是卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂的纹章，下面有石榴图案。盾徽被金羊毛勋章垂饰所环绕。双头
Read more