Hoover Institution

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP




This article is about the American public policy think tank. For the research library, see Hoover Institution Library and Archives.




















Hoover Institution
on War, Revolution, and Peace
Hoover Institution Logo.svg
MottoIdeas defining a free society
Formation1919; 100 years ago (1919)
FounderHerbert Hoover
Type
Public policy think tank
Location
  • 434 Galvez Mall
    Stanford University
    Stanford, California, U.S. 94305

    The Johnson Center
    1399 New York Ave. NW, S-500
    Washington, D.C., U.S. 20005
Director
Thomas W. Gilligan
Revenue .mw-parser-output .noboldfont-weight:normal
(2015)
$69,477,000[1]
Expenses
(2015)
$59,910,000
Websitewww.hoover.org

The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace is an American public policy think tank and research institution located at Stanford University in California. It began as a library founded in 1919 by Republican and Stanford alumnus Herbert Hoover, before he became President of the United States. The library, known as the Hoover Institution Library and Archives, houses multiple archives related to Hoover, World War I, World War II, and other world history. According to the 2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), Hoover is No. 18 (of 90) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States".[2]


The Hoover Institution is a unit of Stanford University[3] but has its own board of overseers.[4] It is located on the campus. Its mission statement outlines its basic tenets: representative government, private enterprise, peace, personal freedom, and the safeguards of the American system.[5] The institution is generally described as conservative,[6][7][8] although directors and others associated with it resist this description, saying that the institution is not partisan and that its goal is "to advance ideas of supporting freedom and free enterprise."[9]


The institution has been a place of scholarship for individuals who previously held high-profile positions in government, such as George Shultz, Condoleezza Rice, Michael Boskin, Edward Lazear, John B. Taylor, Edwin Meese, and Amy Zegart—all Hoover Institution fellows. In 2007, retired U.S. Army General John P. Abizaid, former commander of the U.S. Central Command, was named the Institution's first annual Annenberg Distinguished Visiting Fellow.[10] Former Secretary of Defense General James Mattis served as a research fellow at Hoover before being appointed by the Trump administration.[11]


The institution is housed in four buildings on the Stanford campus. The most prominent facility is the landmark Hoover Tower, which is a popular visitor attraction. The tower features an observation deck on the top level that provides visitors with a panoramic view of the Stanford campus and surrounding area. Additionally, the institution has a branch office in the Johnson Center in Washington, DC.




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Members

    • 2.1 Directors


    • 2.2 Honorary Fellows


    • 2.3 Distinguished Fellows


    • 2.4 Senior Fellows


    • 2.5 Research Fellows


    • 2.6 Distinguished Visiting Fellows


    • 2.7 Media Fellows


    • 2.8 National Fellows


    • 2.9 Senior Research Fellows



  • 3 Publications


  • 4 Funding

    • 4.1 Details



  • 5 See also


  • 6 Footnotes


  • 7 Further reading


  • 8 External links




History


The Institution was set up by Herbert Hoover, one of Stanford's first graduates, who would later become the 31st President of the United States. He had been in charge of American relief efforts in Europe after World War I. Hoover's express purpose was to collect the records of contemporary history as it was happening. Hoover's helpers frequently risked their lives to rescue documentary and rare printed material, especially from countries under Nazi or Communist rule. Their many successes included the papers of Rosa Luxemburg, the Goebbels Diaries, and the records of the Russian secret police in Paris. Research institutes were also set up under Hoover's influence, though inevitably there were to be clashes between the moving force, Hoover, and the host university.[12]


In 1919, Hoover donated $50,000 to Stanford University to support the collection of primary materials related to World War I, a project that became known as the Hoover War Collection. Supported primarily by gifts from private donors, the Hoover War Collection flourished in its early years. In 1922, the Collection became known as the Hoover War Library. The Hoover War Library was housed in the Stanford Library, separate from the general stacks. By 1926, the Hoover War Library was known as the largest library in the world devoted to the Great War. By 1929, it contained 1.4 million items and was becoming too large to house in the Stanford Library. In 1938, the War Library revealed building plans for Hoover Tower, which was to be its permanent home independent of the Stanford Library system. The tower was completed in 1941, Stanford University's fiftieth anniversary.[13]


By 1946, the agenda of the Hoover War Library had expanded to include research activities; thus the organization was renamed the Hoover Institution and Library on War, Revolution and Peace. At this time, Herbert Hoover was living in New York City but remained integrally involved in the Hoover Institution and Library as a benefactor, fundraiser, and consultant.


In 1956 former President Hoover, under the auspices of the Institution and Library, launched a major fundraising campaign that allowed the Institution to realize its current form as a think tank and archive. In 1957, the Hoover Institution and Library was renamed the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace—the name it holds today.[14]


In 1960, W. Glenn Campbell was appointed director and substantial budget increases soon led to corresponding increases in acquisitions and related research projects. In particular, the Chinese and Russian collections grew considerably. Despite student unrest in the 1960s, the institution continued to thrive and develop closer relations with Stanford.[15]


John Raisian served as director from 1989 to 2015. Thomas W. Gilligan succeeded him in 2015.



Members


In May 2018 the website of the Hoover Institution listed 198 fellows.


Below is a list of directors and some of the more prominent fellows, former and current.


This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.


Directors




  • Ephraim D. Adams, 1920–25


  • Ralph H. Lutz, 1925–44


  • Harold H. Fisher, 1944–52


  • C. Easton Rothwell, 1952–59[16]


  • W. Glenn Campbell, 1960–89[17]


  • John Raisian, 1989–2015


  • Thomas W. Gilligan, 2015–present



Honorary Fellows



  • Margaret Thatcher, former prime minister of the United Kingdom[18] (deceased)


Distinguished Fellows



  • George P. Shultz, former U.S. Secretary of State[19]


Senior Fellows




  • Fouad Ajami, political scientist, former director of the Middle East Studies Program at Johns Hopkins University (deceased)[20]


  • Richard V. Allen, former U.S. National Security Advisor


  • Martin Anderson, former advisor to Richard Nixon and author of The Federal Bulldozer (deceased)


  • Robert Barro, economist


  • Gary S. Becker, 1992 Nobel laureate in economics (deceased)


  • Joseph Berger, theoretical sociologist


  • Peter Berkowitz, political scientist


  • Russell Berman, professor of German Studies and Comparative Literature


  • Michael Boskin, chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President George H. W. Bush


  • David W. Brady, political scientist[21]


  • Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, political scientist, professor at New York University


  • John H. Cochrane, economist


  • William Damon, professor of education


  • Larry Diamond, political scientist, professor at Stanford University


  • Sidney Drell, theoretical physicist


  • Richard A. Epstein, legal scholar


  • Niall Ferguson, historian, professor at Harvard University


  • Chester E. Finn, Jr., professor of education


  • Morris P. Fiorina, political scientist


  • Milton Friedman, 1976 Nobel laureate in economics (deceased)


  • Timothy Garton Ash, historian, columnist for The Guardian


  • Jack Goldsmith, legal scholar


  • Stephen Haber, economic historian and political scientist


  • Robert Hall, economist


  • Victor Davis Hanson, classicist, military historian, columnist


  • Eric Hanushek, economist


  • David R. Henderson, economist


  • Caroline Hoxby, economist


  • Bobby Ray Inman, retired admiral


  • Ken Jowitt, historian


  • Kenneth L. Judd, economist


  • Daniel P. Kessler, scholar of health policy and health care finance


  • Stephen D. Krasner, international relations professor


  • Edward Lazear, economist


  • Seymour Martin Lipset, political sociologist (deceased)


  • Harvey Mansfield, political scientist


  • Michael W. McConnell, legal scholar, former judge, professor at Stanford University


  • Michael McFaul, political scientist, United States Ambassador to Russia


  • Thomas Metzger, sinologist


  • James C. Miller III, economist


  • Terry M. Moe, professor of political science at Stanford University


  • Kevin M. Murphy, economist


  • Norman Naimark, historian


  • Douglass North, 1993 Nobel laureate in economics (deceased)


  • William J. Perry, former U.S. Secretary of Defense


  • Paul E. Peterson, scholar on education reform


  • Alvin Rabushka, political scientist


  • Condoleezza Rice, former U.S. Secretary of State


  • Henry Rowen, economist (deceased)


  • Thomas J. Sargent, 2011 Nobel laureate in economics, professor at New York University


  • Robert Service, historian


  • John Shoven, economist


  • Abraham David Sofaer, scholar, former legal advisor to the U.S. Secretary of State


  • Thomas Sowell, economist, author, columnist


  • Michael Spence, 2001 Nobel laureate in economics


  • Richard F. Staar, political scientist, historian


  • Shelby Steele, author, columnist


  • John B. Taylor, former U.S. Undersecretary of the Treasury for international affairs


  • Barry R. Weingast, political scientist


  • Bertram Wolfe, author, scholar, former communist, (deceased; 1896–1977)


  • Amy Zegart, political scientist



Research Fellows




  • Clint Bolick, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Arizona


  • Lanhee Chen, political scientist, health policy expert, former policy director for Mitt Romney[22]


  • Robert Conquest, historian (deceased)


  • Williamson Evers, education researcher


  • Charles Hill, lecturer in International Studies


  • Tim Kane, economist


  • Herbert S. Klein, historian


  • Tod Lindberg, foreign policy expert


  • Alice L. Miller, political scientist


  • Shavit Matias, former deputy attorney general of Israel


  • Abbas Milani, political scientist


  • Henry I. Miller, physician


  • Russell Roberts, economist, author


  • Kori Schake, foreign policy expert, author


  • Kiron Skinner, associate professor of international relations and political science, author


  • Peter Schweizer, author (former fellow)


  • Antony C. Sutton, author of Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development (3 vol), fellow from 1968 to 1973


  • Bruce Thornton, American classicist


  • Tunku Varadarajan, writer and journalist



Distinguished Visiting Fellows




  • John Abizaid, former commander of the U.S. Central Command[10] (former fellow)


  • Spencer Abraham, former U.S. Senator and Secretary of Energy (former fellow)


  • Arye Carmon, Founding President and Senior Fellow at the Israel Democracy Institute (IDI)


  • James O. Ellis, former commander, United States Strategic Command[23]


  • James Goodby, author and former American diplomat


  • Jim Hoagland, American journalist and two-time recipient of the Pulitzer Prize


  • Toomas Hendrik Ilves, former President of Estonia


  • Raymond Jeanloz, professor of earth and planetary science and of astronomy


  • Josef Joffe, publisher-editor of the German newspaper Die Zeit


  • Henry Kissinger, former United States Secretary of State in the administrations of presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford


  • James Mattis, former commander, U.S. Central Command and current Secretary of Defense


  • Allan H. Meltzer, American economist


  • H.R. McMaster, former National Security Advisor and commander of the Maneuver Center of Excellence


  • Edwin Meese, former U.S. Attorney General


  • Sam Nunn, former United States Senator from Georgia


  • Gary Roughead, former Chief of Naval Operations


  • Donald Rumsfeld, former Secretary of Defense (former fellow)


  • Christopher Stubbs, an experimental physicist


  • William Suter, former Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States


  • Kevin Warsh, former governor of the Federal Reserve System


  • Pete Wilson, former Governor of California



Media Fellows




  • Tom Bethell, journalist[24]


  • Sam Dealey, journalist, editor-in-chief of Washington Times


  • Christopher Hitchens, journalist (deceased)[25]


  • Deroy Murdock, journalist[25][26]


  • Mike Pride, editor emeritus of the Concord Monitor and former administrator of the Pulitzer Prizes


  • Christopher Ruddy, CEO of Newsmax Media



National Fellows



  • Mark Bils, macroeconomist, National Fellow 1989–90[27]


  • Stephen Kotkin, historian, National Fellow 2010–11[28]


Senior Research Fellows




  • Robert Hessen, historian[29]


  • Charles Wolf, Jr, economist (deceased)[30]


  • Edward Teller, physicist (deceased)[31]



Publications


The Hoover Institution's in-house publisher, Hoover Institution Press, produces multiple publications on public policy topics, including the quarterly periodicals Hoover Digest, Education Next, China Leadership Monitor, and Defining Ideas. The Hoover Institution Press previously published the bimonthly periodical Policy Review, which it acquired from The Heritage Foundation in 2001.[32]Policy Review ceased publication with its February–March 2013 issue.


In addition to these periodicals, the Hoover Institution Press publishes books and essays by Hoover Institution fellows and other Hoover-affiliated scholars.



Funding


The Hoover Institution receives nearly half of its funding from private gifts, primarily from individual contributions, and the other half from its endowment.[33]


Funders of the organization include the Taube Family Foundation, the Koret Foundation, the Howard Charitable Foundation, the Sarah Scaife Foundation, the Walton Foundation, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, and the William E. Simon Foundation.[34]



Details


Funding sources and expenditures, 2014–2015:[1]









See also


  • List of Stanford University Centers and Institutes


Footnotes




  1. ^ ab "Annual Report 2015". Hoover Institution. August 31, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ James G. McGann (Director) (January 26, 2017). "2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report". Retrieved March 20, 2017.


  3. ^ "Stanford Legal Facts". Office of the General Counsel. Stanford University. Retrieved May 26, 2012.


  4. ^ "Board of Overseers". Hoover Institution. Stanford University. Retrieved May 26, 2012.


  5. ^ "Hoover Institution – Mission Statement". hoover.org.


  6. ^ "Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace". Encyclopaedica Brittanica. Retrieved April 16, 2015.


  7. ^ McBride, Stewart (May 28, 1975). "Hoover Institution: Leaning to the right". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 16, 2015.


  8. ^ Nau, Henry R. (2013). Conservative Internationalism: Armed Diplomacy under Jefferson, Polk, Truman and Reagan. Princeton University Press. p. xi. ISBN 978-0-691-15931-7.


  9. ^ "Business Dean Seizes Rare Opportunity to Lead Hoover Institution, and Other News About People". Chronicle of Higher Education. March 23, 2015. Retrieved April 16, 2015.


  10. ^ ab "Former U.S. Central Command Chief General John Abizaid Appointed Hoover Distinguished Visiting Fellow".


  11. ^ "General Jim Mattis Biography, Hoover Institution". Hoover Administration. June 14, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2017.


  12. ^ Peter Duignan, "The Library of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace. Part 1: Origin and Growth", Library History 2001 17(1): 3–19


  13. ^ "Hoover Institution Library and Archives: Historical Background". hoover.org.


  14. ^ "Hoover Institution – Hoover Institution Timeline". hoover.org.


  15. ^ Peter Duignan, "The Library of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace. Part 2: the Campbell Years", Library History 2001 17(2): 107–18.


  16. ^ "Yacht club to host celebration of Virginia Rothwell". Stanford Report. September 1, 2004. Retrieved March 25, 2008.


  17. ^ Trei, Lisa (November 28, 2001). "Glenn Campbell, former Hoover director, dead at 77". Stanford Report. Retrieved March 25, 2008.


  18. ^ "Honorary Fellow". Hoover Institution Stanford University. 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2017.


  19. ^ "Distinguished Fellow". Hoover Institution Stanford University. 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2017.


  20. ^ "Senior Fellows". Hoover Institution Stanford University. 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2017.


  21. ^ "David Brady".


  22. ^ "Research Fellows".


  23. ^ "Distinguished Visiting Fellows". Hoover Institution Stanford University. 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2017.


  24. ^ "William and Barbara Edwards Media Fellows". Hoover Institution Stanford University. 2010. Retrieved November 9, 2010.


  25. ^ ab "William and Barbara Edwards Media Fellows by year". hoover.org.


  26. ^ "William and Barbara Edwards Media Fellows by year". hoover.org.


  27. ^ "VITA Mark Bils" (PDF). University of Rochester. Retrieved May 31, 2018.


  28. ^ "Stephen Kotkin". Hoover Institution. Retrieved September 29, 2016.


  29. ^ "Robert Hessen". Hoover Institution. Retrieved September 29, 2016.


  30. ^ "Charles Wolf Jr". Hoover Institution. Retrieved September 29, 2016.


  31. ^ "Edward Teller". Hoover Institution. Retrieved March 7, 2018.


  32. ^ "Policy Review Web Archive".


  33. ^ "Hoover Institution 2010 Report". Hoover Institution. p. 39. Retrieved June 25, 2011.


  34. ^ Ade Adeniji (April 21, 2015). "How the Hoover Institution Vacuums Up Big Conservative Bucks". Inside Philanthropy.



Further reading


  • Paul, Gary Norman. "The Development of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace Library, 1919–1944". PhD dissertation U. of California, Berkeley. Dissertation Abstracts International 1974 35(3): 1682-1683-A, 274p.


External links





  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata


  • hoover.org/hila, the Hoover Institution Library and Archives official website


  • hooverpress.org, the Hoover Institution Press's official website


  • definingideas.org, a Hoover Institution online journal


  • EDIRC listing (provided by RePEc)


  • Hoover Institution at Curlie


  • advancingafreesociety.org, the Hoover Institution's blog of research and opinion on current policy matters


  • Video of Hoover Institution events and Uncommon Knowledge at YouTube


  • Video of Hoover Institution events at FORA.tv


  • Hoover Institution FBI files hosted at the Internet Archive



Coordinates: 37°25′38″N 122°09′59″W / 37.4271°N 122.1664°W / 37.4271; -122.1664








-

Popular posts from this blog

用户:Ww71338ww/绘画

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP 你好～！欢迎来到萌娘百科！ 如果您是第一次来到这里，点这里加入萌娘百科! 欢迎具有翻译能力的同学～有意者请点→Category:需要翻译的条目← 如果您在萌娘百科上发现某些内容 错误/空缺 ，请 勇于 修正/添加！ 编辑萌娘百科其实很容易！ 觉得萌娘百科有趣的话，请推荐给朋友哦...
Read more

自由群

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP 由兩個元素a, b 生成的自由群的凱萊圖 在數學中，一個群 Gdisplaystyle G 被稱作 自由群 ，如果存在 Gdisplaystyle G 的子集 Sdisplaystyle S 使得 Gdisplaystyle G 的任何元素都能唯一地表成由 Sdisplaystyle S 中元素及其逆元組成之乘積（在此不論平庸的表法，例如 st−1=su−1ut−1displaystyle st^-1=su^-1ut^-1 之類）；此時也稱 Gdisplaystyle G 為集合 Sdisplaystyle S 上的 自由群 ，其群...
Read more

卑爾根

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP 卑尔根 Bergen 城市 Kommune av Bergen 旗幟 徽章 卑爾根在霍达兰郡的位置 卑尔根 卑爾根在挪威的位置 坐标： 60°22′N 05°24′E  /  60.367°N 5.400°E  / 60.367; 5.400 坐标： 60°22′N 05°24′E  /  60.367°N 5.400°E  / 60.367; 5.400 國家   挪威 郡 霍达兰郡 建立 1070年之前 政府  • 市長 Marita Moltu （KrF） 面积  • 城市 464.71 平方公里（179.43 平方英里）  • 陸地...
Read more