Xrthnty

Martina Navratilova

Navratilova at the Prague Open, in 2006
Country (sports)	Czechoslovakia (1956–1975)  United States
Residence	Miami, Florida, US
Born	(1956-10-18) October 18, 1956 (age 62) Prague, Czechoslovakia
Height	1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)
Turned pro	1975
Retired	2006
Plays	Left-handed (one-handed backhand), born right-handed
Coach	Miroslav Navrátil George Parma[1] Věra Suková Renée Richards (1981–1983) Mike Estep (1983–1986)[2] Craig Kardon (1988–1994)[3]
Prize money	US$21,626,089[4] 15th in all-time rankings
Int. Tennis HoF	2000 (member page)
Singles
Career record	1,442–219 (86.8%)
Career titles	167 WTA, 1 ITF (Open era record)
Highest ranking	No. 1 (July 10, 1978)
Grand Slam Singles results
Australian Open	W (1981, 1983, 1985)
French Open	W (1982, 1984)
Wimbledon	W (1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990)
US Open	W (1983, 1984, 1986, 1987)
Other tournaments
Tour Finals	W (1978, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986Mar, 1986Nov)
Doubles
Career record	747–143 (83.9%)
Career titles	177 WTA, 9 ITF (Open era record)
Highest ranking	No. 1 (September 10, 1984)
Grand Slam Doubles results
Australian Open	W (1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989)
French Open	W (1975, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988)
Wimbledon	W (1976, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986)
US Open	W (1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990)
Other doubles tournaments
Tour Finals	W (1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986Nov, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991)
Mixed doubles
Career titles	15
Grand Slam Mixed Doubles results
Australian Open	W (2003)
French Open	W (1974, 1985)
Wimbledon	W (1985, 1993, 1995, 2003)
US Open	W (1985, 1987, 2006)
Team competitions
Fed Cup	W (1975, 1982, 1986, 1989)
Coaching career (2014)
Agnieszka Radwańska (2014–2015)

Martina Navratilova (Czech: Martina Navrátilová pronounced [ˈmarcɪna ˈnavraːcɪlovaː]; born Martina Šubertová pronounced [ˈmarcɪna ˈʃubɛrtovaː]; October 18, 1956) is a former Czechoslovak and later American professional tennis player and coach. In 2005, Tennis magazine selected her as the greatest female tennis player for the years 1975 through 2005 and she is considered one of the best, if not the best, female tennis players of all time.^{[5][6][7][8][9]}

Navratilova was world No. 1 for a total of 332 weeks in singles, and a record 237 weeks in doubles, making her the only player in history to have held the top spot in both singles and doubles for over 200 weeks. She was year-end singles No. 1 seven times, including a record of five consecutive years, as well as year-end doubles No. 1 five times, including three consecutive years during which she held the ranking for the entire year.

She won 18 Grand Slam singles titles, 31 major women's doubles titles (an all-time record), and 10 major mixed doubles titles, combined marking the open-era record for the most number of Grand Slam titles won by one player, male or female. She reached the Wimbledon singles final 12 times, including for nine consecutive years from 1982 through 1990, and won the women's singles title at Wimbledon a record nine times (surpassing Helen Wills Moody's eight Wimbledon titles),^[10] including a run of six consecutive titles, widely regarded as the best performance by any professional player at a major event. She and Billie Jean King each won 20 combined Wimbledon titles, an all-time record. Navratilova is also one of just three women ever to have accomplished a Career Grand Slam in women's singles and doubles, and mixed doubles (called the Grand Slam "boxed set"), a distinction she shares only with Margaret Court and Doris Hart.

Navratilova holds the records for most singles (167) and doubles titles (177) in the Open Era. Her record as No. 1 in singles (1982–86) remains the most dominant in professional tennis to date. Over five consecutive seasons, she won 428 out of 442 singles matches, averaging fewer than three losses per year to 87 wins, for a sustained winning percentage of 96.8%. She holds the best season win-loss record in the open era, 86-1 (98.9%) in 1983, and four out of the top six open era seasons. She recorded the longest winning streak in the open era (74 consecutive matches) as well as three out of the six longest winning streaks in history.

She and Serena Williams are the only Open Era players to have won six major singles crowns without the loss of a set. Navratilova, Margaret Court and Maureen Connolly share the record for the most consecutive major singles titles (six). Navratilova reached 11 consecutive major singles finals, second all-time only to Steffi Graf's 13, and is the only woman ever to reach 19 consecutive major semifinals. Navratilova also won the season-ending WTA Tour Championships for top ranked players a record eight times and made the finals a record 14 times. She is the only player of either sex to have won eight different tournaments at least seven times.^[11] She was ranked in the world's top 10 in singles for a record 20 consecutive years (1975–1994), a span which included 19 years in the top 5, 15 years in the top 3, and 7 years as the world No. 1 ranked singles player. Navratilova is regarded by many to be the greatest female tennis player of all time.

In women's doubles, Navratilova and Pam Shriver had one of the most successful partnerships in women's doubles and won 109 consecutive matches^[12] including all four major titles, the doubles Grand Slam, in 1984. The pair set an all-time record of 79 titles together and tied the record set by Louise Brough Clapp and Margaret Osborne duPont of 20 major women's doubles titles as a team. Navratilova also won the WTA Tour Championships doubles title a record 11 times. She is one of only five tennis players of all-time to win a multiple slam set in two disciplines, matched only by Margaret Court, Roy Emerson, Frank Sedgman and Serena Williams. Navratilova won her last major title in 2006, adding the mixed doubles crown at the 2006 US Open to her resume just a few weeks before her 50th birthday, 32 years after her first Grand Slam title in 1974.

Originally from Czechoslovakia, she was stripped of her citizenship^[13] when, in 1975 at age 18, she asked the United States for political asylum and was granted temporary residency.^[14] At the time, Navratilova was told by the Czechoslovak Sports Federation that she was becoming too americanised, and she should go back to school and make tennis secondary.^[15] Navratilova became a US citizen in 1981, and on January 9, 2008, she reacquired Czech citizenship.^[16] She stated she has not renounced her U.S. citizenship nor does she plan to do so, and that reclaiming Czech nationality was not politically motivated.^[17][18]

Early life and background

Navratilova was born Martina Šubertová in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Her parents divorced when she was three,^[19] and her mother, an accomplished gymnast, tennis player, and ski instructor,^[20] moved the family to Řevnice.^[12] In 1962, her mother Jana married Miroslav Navrátil, who became her first tennis coach. Martina then took the name of her stepfather (adding the feminine suffix "ová"), thus becoming Martina Navrátilová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarcɪna ˈnavraːcɪlovaː] (listen)). Her father, Mirek (officially Miroslav Subert),^[21] was a ski instructor^[22] and remarried and divorced. When she was eight, he committed suicide.^[23]

In 2008, Navratilova's mother died of emphysema, aged 75.^[24] Navratilova has a sister, Jana, and an older paternal half-brother.^[19] Her grandmother, Agnes Semanska, was a tennis player for the Czechoslovak Federation before the Second World War and had a ranking as high as No. 2 among Czech women during her amateur career.^[20][25]

When Navratilova was four, she was hitting a tennis ball off a concrete wall and started to play tennis regularly at age 7.^[12] In 1972, at the age of 15, Navratilova won the Czechoslovakia national tennis championship. In 1973, aged 16, she made her debut on the United States Lawn Tennis Association professional tour but did not turn professional until 1975. Although perhaps most renowned for her mastery of fast low-bouncing grass, her best early showing at majors was on the red clay at the French Open, where she would go on to reach the final six times. In 1973, she made the quarterfinals where she lost 6–7, 4–6 to Evonne Goolagong. She made the quarterfinals the next year and lost to Helga Masthoff (née Niessen), after again losing the first set in a tiebreak.

Professional tennis career

Navratilova won her first professional singles title in Orlando, Florida in 1974, at the age of 17. Upon arriving in the United States, Navratilova first lived with former Vaudeville actress, Frances Dewey Wormser, and her husband, Morton Wormser, a tennis enthusiast.^[26]

Navratilova was the runner-up at two major singles tournaments in 1975. She lost in the final of the Australian Open to Evonne Goolagong and in the final of the French Open to Chris Evert over three sets. After losing to Evert in the semifinals of that year's US Open in September, the 18-year-old Navratilova went to the offices of the Immigration and Naturalization Service in New York City and informed them that she wished to defect from Communist Czechoslovakia. Within a month, she received a green card and in 1981 became a US citizen.^[14] Also, in 1975, Navratilova teamed with then world number one, Chris Evert, to win the French Open women's doubles title, Martina's first major title. They teamed again in 1976 to win the women's Wimbledon doubles title over Billie Jean King and Bette Stove.

Navratilova won her first major singles title at Wimbledon in 1978, where she defeated Evert in three sets in the final and captured the world No. 1 ranking for the first time on the WTA computer, a position she held until Evert took it back in January 1979. Navratilova successfully defended her Wimbledon title in 1979, again beating Evert in the final in straight sets, and earned the World No. 1 ranking at the end of the year for the first time. Just before Wimbledon in 1979, Navratilova and Evert played possibly the highest scoring women's professional match ever in the Eastbourne final, in which Evert edged Navratilova 7–5, 5–7, 13-11 after facing match points herself. In April 1981, Evert defeated Navratilova in the finals of the Women's Tennis Association championships, held on clay at Amelia Island, 6–0, 6–0. It was Navratilova's only professional double bagel loss (one she later avenged with a crushing 6–2, 6–0 defeat of Evert in the finals of the same Amelia Island event in 1984). It was at this point that Navratilova began working with Nancy Lieberman to improve her fitness and toughen her mental approach to better compete with Evert and fulfil her true potential.^[27] In 1981, Navratilova won her third major singles title by defeating Evert in the final of the Australian Open. Navratilova also defeated Evert to reach the final of the US Open, where she lost a third set tiebreak to Tracy Austin. Navratilova won both Wimbledon and the French Open in 1982.

After adopting basketball player Nancy Lieberman's exercise plan and using Yonex isometric midsize graphite-fiberglass composite racquets, Navratilova became the most dominant player in women's tennis. After losing in the fourth round of the first major event of 1983, the French Open, she captured the year's three remaining major titles (the Australian Open was held in December at that time). Navratilova's loss at the French Open was her only singles defeat during that year, during which she established an 86–1 record. Her winning percentage was the best ever for a post-1968 professional tennis player. During 1982, 1983, and 1984, Navratilova lost a total of only six singles matches.^[28] This included a run of 13 consecutive victories over her closest rival and world-ranked No. 2, Chris Evert. Navratilova's reign from 1982 to 1986 is the most dominant unbroken spell in the professional era.

Navratilova won the 1984 French Open, thus holding all four major singles titles simultaneously. Her accomplishment was declared a "Grand Slam" by Philippe Chatrier, president of the International Tennis Federation, although some tennis observers countered that it was not a true slam because the titles had not been won in a single calendar year. Navratilova extended her major singles tournament winning streak to a record-equalling six following wins at Wimbledon and the US Open. Navratilova's victory meant she became the first player to win majors on clay, grass and hard court on the same year. She entered the 1984 Australian Open with a chance of winning all four titles in the same year. In the semifinals, however, Helena Suková ended Navratilova's 74-match winning streak (a record for a professional) 1–6, 6–3, 7–5.^[29]

A left-hander, Navratilova completed a calendar grand slam in women's doubles in 1984, partnering right-handed Pam Shriver, a tall and talented player whose most noted stroke was a slice forehand, a shot virtually unheard of in the game today. This was part of a record 109-match winning streak that the pair achieved between 1983 and 1985. (Navratilova was ranked the world No. 1 doubles player for a period of over three years in the 1980s.) From 1985 through 1987, Navratilova reached the women's singles final at all 11 major tournaments held during those three years, winning six of them. From 1982 through 1990, she reached the Wimbledon final nine consecutive times. She reached the US Open final five consecutive times from 1983 through 1987 and appeared in the French Open final five out of six years from 1982 through 1987.^[30]

In 1985, Navratilova played in what many consider to be perhaps the best woman's match of all time, the French Open final against Chris Evert. Navratilova battled back from 3–6, 2–4 down to 5-5 all in the third set, before Evert hit a winning backhand passing shot on match point to defeat Navratilova 6–3, 6–7(4), 7–5. This was a major turnaround for Evert, who was so outmatched the year earlier in the final that Bud Collins remarked as a TV commentator that the sport needed to create a higher league for Navratilova to compete in. In outdoor matches against Evert, Navratilova led 10–5 on grass and 9–7 on hardcourts, while Evert was up 11–3 on clay. On indoor courts, however, Navratilova had a decisive 21–14 lead. At the end of what is widely regarded as the greatest rivalry in women's tennis, Navratilova led Evert 43–37 in total matches, 14–8 in Grand Slams and 10–4 in Grand Slam finals.

In the 1986 U.S. Open, Navratilova prevailed over Steffi Graf in a close semi-final winning 6-1, 6-7 (7-3), 7-6 (10-8),^[31] before handily winning the final over Helena Sukova 6-3, 6-2. Navratliva, with partner Pam Shriver, also won the women's doubles title.^[32]

Seventeen-year-old German player Steffi Graf emerged on the scene in 1987 when she narrowly beat Navratilova in the final of the French Open, 6–4, 4–6, 8–6. Navratilova defeated Graf in straight sets in the 1987 Wimbledon and US Open finals (and at the US Open became only the third player in the Open Era, joining tennis legends Margaret Court and Billie Jean King, to win the women's singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles at the same event—the rare "Triple Crown"). Navratilova reached all four Grand Slam finals in 1987, winning two of them. Graf's consistent play throughout 1987, however, allowed her to obtain the world No. 1 ranking before the end of the year. Graf eventually broke Navratilova's records of 156 consecutive weeks and 331 total weeks as the world No. 1 singles player but fell 60 short of Navratilova's record of 167 singles titles. Including doubles, Navratilova won almost three times as many titles as Graf with a record doubles/mixed/singles combined total of 344 titles to Graf's 118.

In 1988, Graf won all four major singles titles, beating the 31-year-old Navratilova 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 in the Wimbledon final along the way, after recovering from a set and a break down.^[33][34] In 1989, Graf and Navratilova met in the finals of both Wimbledon and the US Open, with Graf winning both encounters in three sets. Despite the 13 year age difference between the two players, and Graf's comparative lack of investment in doubles and mixed doubles, Navratilova won 9 of the 18 career singles matches with Graf and 5 of the 9 major singles matches with her. At age 34, Navratilova defeated Graf the last time they played in a major in the semifinals of the 1991 US Open 7–6(2), 6–7(6), 6–4, to end their Grand Slam rivalry 5-4 up. It is worthy to note that all 4 of Graf's Grand Slam victories over Navratilova came in the finals of a Slam. This is reflected in the Grand Slams Finals chart below.

Navratilova's final major singles triumph was in 1990. In the final, the 33-year-old Navratilova swept Zina Garrison 6–4, 6–1 to claim an all-time record ninth Wimbledon singles crown. Though that was her last major singles title, Navratilova reached two additional major singles finals during the remainder of career. In 1991, she lost in the US Open final to the new world No. 1, Monica Seles. In 1994, at age 37, Navratilova reached the Wimbledon final, where she lost in three sets to Conchita Martínez. In November that year, after losing to Gabriela Sabatini in the first round of the WTA Tour Championships, she retired from full-time competition on the singles tour.^[35] She was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2000.

In 2000, Navratilova returned to the tour to mostly play doubles events, while rarely also playing singles. In her first singles performance in eight years, at Eastbourne in 2002, she beat world No. 22, Tatiana Panova, before losing in the next round to Daniela Hantuchová in three sets. In 2003, she won the mixed doubles titles at both the Australian Open and Wimbledon, partnering Leander Paes. This made her the oldest ever major champion (aged 46 years, 8 months). The Australian Open victory made her the third player in history to complete a "boxed set" of major titles by winning the singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles at all four majors. The Wimbledon win allowed her to equal Billie Jean King's record of 20 Wimbledon titles (in singles, women's doubles, and mixed doubles combined) and extended her overall number of major titles to 58 (second only to Margaret Court, who won 62).^[36] Despite being criticized for receiving a wildcard, Navratilova won a singles match over Catalina Castaño 6–0 6–1 at the first round of Wimbledon in 2004, aged 47 years and eight months, to make her the oldest player to win a professional singles match in the open era. Navratilova then lost her second round match with Gisela Dulko in three sets.

On Thursday, July 6, 2006, Navratilova played her last matches at Wimbledon, with partner Liezel Huber losing a quarterfinal match in women's doubles to fourth seeds and eventual champions Yan Zi and Zheng Jie, and later in the same day with partner Mark Knowles losing in the third round of mixed doubles to eventual champions Andy Ram and Vera Zvonareva.^[37][38] She had said that her last Wimbledon wasn't about breaking her record shared with Billie Jean King of 20 championships. In an interview, Navratilova was quoted as saying, "People keep saying that, but it so wasn't. I just wanted to win one more title here, period."^[39]

Navratilova capped off her career by winning the mixed doubles title, her 41st major doubles title (31 in women's doubles and 10 in mixed doubles) and 177th overall, at the 2006 US Open with American doubles specialist Bob Bryan. At the time, she was only about a month shy of her 50th birthday and broke her own record as the oldest ever major champion (aged 49 years, 11 months).

Navratilova won 167 top-level singles titles (more than any other player in the open era) and 177 doubles titles. Her last title in women's doubles came on August 21, 2006, at the Tier I Rogers Cup in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where she partnered Nadia Petrova. Navratilova won 18 major singles titles: nine at Wimbledon, four at the US Open, three at the Australian Open, and two at the French Open. Her overall record in 67 major singles events was 306–49 (120–14 at Wimbledon, 89–17 at the US Open, 51–11 at the French Open, and 46–7 at the Australian Open). Some observers argue that the very few singles matches she played in her forties should be counted separately in her career statistics. She is the only player to have won at least one tour event for 21 consecutive years and won the singles and doubles at the same event a record 84 times. She was ranked in the world top 3 in singles for 15 years between 1977 and 1993. Her career singles match win total of 1,442 is the most during the open era.^[40]

In September 1992, the 35-year-old Navratilova played Jimmy Connors in the third Battle of the Sexes tennis match at Caesars Palace in Paradise, Nevada. Connors was allowed only one serve per point and Navratilova was allowed to hit into half the doubles court. Connors won 7–5, 6–2.^[41] She played for the Boston Lobsters in the World TeamTennis pro league through the 2009 season.^[42]

Playing style

Navratilova had an attacking serve and volley.^[1][43] Under Renée Richards, she improved her game tactics.^[44]

Evert said that "Martina revolutionized the game by her superb athleticism and aggressiveness...She brought athleticism to a whole new level with her training techniques — particularly cross-training, the idea that you could go to the gym or play basketball to get in shape for tennis."^[1]

Coaching career

In December 2014, it was announced that Navratilova had joined Agnieszka Radwańska's coaching staff.^[45] However, in April 2015, after Radwańska struggled in the first half of the season, the pair decided to part ways.^[46][47]

Personal life

In 1985, Navratilova released an autobiography, co-written with The New York Times sports columnist George Vecsey, titled Martina in the U.S. and Being Myself in the rest of the world.^[48] She had earlier co-written a tennis instruction book with Mary Carillo in 1982, entitled Tennis My Way.^[49] She later wrote three mystery novels with Liz Nickles: The Total Zone (1994),^[50]Breaking Point (1996),^[51] and Killer Instinct (1997).^[52] Navratilova's most recent literary effort was a health and fitness book entitled Shape Your Self, which came out in 2006.^[53]

Sexuality and relationships

In 1981, shortly after becoming a United States citizen, Navratilova gave an interview to New York Daily News sports reporter Steve Goldstein, coming out as bisexual and revealing that she had a sexual relationship with Rita Mae Brown,^[54] but asked him not to publish the article until she was ready to come out publicly.^[55] However, the New York Daily News published the article on July 30, 1981.^[44][56] Navratilova and Nancy Lieberman, her girlfriend at the time,^[57] gave an interview to Dallas Morning News columnist Skip Bayless,^[58][59] where Navratilova reiterated that she was bisexual and Lieberman identified herself as straight.^[60] Navratilova has since identified herself as a lesbian.^[61]

From 1984 to 1991, Navratilova had a long-term relationship with Judy Nelson, whom she met at a tournament in Fort Worth in 1982.^[62] Their split in 1991 included a much-publicized legal wrangle. Navratilova was featured in a WITA (Women's International Tennis Association) calendar, shot by Jean Renard with her Wimbledon trophies and Nelson's children in the background.^[63]

On September 6, 2014, Navratilova proposed to her longtime girlfriend Julia Lemigova at the US Open.^[64] They married in New York on December 15, 2014.^[65][66]

Health problems

According to the New York Times' Jane E. Brody, in September 1982, an acute attack of toxoplasmosis "contributed to Martina Navratilova's defeat during the United States Open tennis tournament", in which No. 1 seed Navratilova unexpectedly lost to No. 7 seed Pam Shriver in the quarterfinal round. (Shriver—Navratilova's doubles partner in the same tournament—subsequently lost to No. 5 seed Hana Mandlíková in the semifinal. Mandlíková was then defeated in the final by Navratilova's longtime rival, No. 2 seed Chris Evert.) By late October, Navratilova had "apparently recovered".^[67]

On April 7, 2010, Navratilova announced that she was being treated for breast cancer.^[68][69] A routine mammogram in January 2010 revealed that she had a ductal carcinoma in situ in her left breast, which she was informed of on February 24, and in March she had the tumour surgically removed;^[70] she received radiation therapy in May.^[68]

In December 2010, Navratilova was hospitalized after developing high altitude pulmonary edema while attempting a climb of Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.^[71]

Activism and opinions

When not playing tennis, Navratilova is involved with various charities that benefit animal rights, underprivileged children, and gay rights.^{[citation needed]} She participated in a lawsuit against Amendment 2, a successful 1992 ballot proposition in Colorado designed to prevent sexual orientation from being a protected class.^[72] In 1993, she spoke before the March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation.^[73] She also serves as the Health and Fitness Ambassador for AARP^[74] in an alliance created to help AARP's millions of members lead active, healthy lives.

In 2000, she was the recipient of National Equality Award from the Human Rights Campaign, the nation's largest gay and lesbian activist/lobbying group.^[75]

Navratilova is a vegetarian. In an April 2006 interview, however, she said she had recently begun eating fish again because she found it hard to get enough protein while on the road;^[76] which would make her a pescetarian rather than a vegetarian; nevertheless in 2008 she described herself as vegetarian.^[77]

She has spoken out on a number of volatile political issues, including tort/litigation reform, but perhaps her most consistent theme—aside from gay and lesbian rights—has been her unstinting opposition to Communism, and unrelenting opposition to the former Eastern Bloc power structure that compelled her to flee her native Czechoslovakia. She has denounced the Soviet Union's control over Czechoslovakia, maintaining that she refuses to speak Russian to this day because of the Soviet Union's former hegemony over Eastern Europe.

Whenever people go into politics and they try to say that Communism was a good thing, I say, 'Go ahead and live in a Communist country then, if you think it's so great.' "^[76]

Navratilova was a guest on CNN's Connie Chung Tonight show on July 17, 2002. During the show, Chung quoted a German newspaper which quoted Navratilova as saying:

The most absurd part of my escape from the unjust system is that I have exchanged one system that suppresses free opinion for another. The Republicans in the U.S. manipulate public opinion and sweep controversial issues under the table. It's depressing. Decisions in America are based solely on the question of how much money will come out of it and not on the questions of how much health, morals or environment suffer as a result.^[78]

Navratilova said that the remarks referred to what she perceived as a trend of centralization of government power and a loss of personal freedom. In the discussion that followed, Chung stated:

Can I be honest with you? I can tell you that when I read this, I have to tell you that I thought it was un-American, unpatriotic. I wanted to say, go back to Czechoslovakia. You know, if you don't like it here, this a country that gave you so much, gave you the freedom to do what you want.^[78]

Navratilova responded,

And I'm giving it back. This is why I speak out. When I see something that I don't like, I'm going to speak out because you can do that here. And again, I feel there are too many things happening that are taking our rights away.^[78]

Navratilova was quoted in 2007 as being ashamed of the US under President George W. Bush because unlike the communist regime in Czechoslovakia, Bush was elected.^[79][80]

Navratilova is a Democrat, and has donated more than $25000 to Democrat campaigns.^[81]

Career statistics

Grand Slam Singles finals: 32 (18–14)

By winning the 1983 US Open title, Navratilova completed the Career Grand Slam. She became only the seventh female player in history to achieve this.

Outcome	Year	Championship	Surface	Opponent	Score
Runner-up	1975	Australian Open	Grass	Evonne Goolagong	3–6, 2–6
Runner-up	1975	French Open	Clay	Chris Evert	6–2, 2–6, 1–6
Winner	1978	Wimbledon (1)	Grass	Chris Evert	2–6, 6–4, 7–5
Winner	1979	Wimbledon (2)	Grass	Chris Evert	6–4, 6–4
Runner-up	1981	US Open	Hard	Tracy Austin	6–1, 6–7(4–7), 6–7(1–7)
Winner	1981	Australian Open (1)	Grass	Chris Evert	6–7(4–7), 6–4, 7–5
Winner	1982	French Open (1)	Clay	Andrea Jaeger	7–6(8–6), 6–1
Winner	1982	Wimbledon (3)	Grass	Chris Evert	6–1, 3–6, 6–2
Runner-up	1982	Australian Open	Grass	Chris Evert	3–6, 6–2, 3–6
Winner	1983	Wimbledon (4)	Grass	Andrea Jaeger	6–0, 6–3
Winner	1983	US Open (1)	Hard	Chris Evert	6–1, 6–3
Winner	1983	Australian Open (2)	Grass	Kathy Jordan	6–2, 7–6(7–5)
Winner	1984	French Open (2)	Clay	Chris Evert	6–3, 6–1
Winner	1984	Wimbledon (5)	Grass	Chris Evert	7–6(7–5), 6–2
Winner	1984	US Open (2)	Hard	Chris Evert	4–6, 6–4, 6–4
Runner-up	1985	French Open	Clay	Chris Evert	3–6, 7–6(7–4), 5–7
Winner	1985	Wimbledon (6)	Grass	Chris Evert	4–6, 6–3, 6–2
Runner-up	1985	US Open	Hard	Hana Mandlíková	6–7(3–7), 6–1, 6–7(2–7)
Winner	1985	Australian Open (3)	Grass	Chris Evert	6–2, 4–6, 6–2
Runner-up	1986	French Open	Clay	Chris Evert	6–2, 3–6, 3–6
Winner	1986	Wimbledon (7)	Grass	Hana Mandlíková	7–6(7–1), 6–3
Winner	1986	US Open (3)	Hard	Helena Suková	6–3, 6–2
Runner-up	1987	Australian Open	Grass	Hana Mandlíková	5–7, 6–7(1–7)
Runner-up	1987	French Open	Clay	Steffi Graf	4–6, 6–4, 6–8
Winner	1987	Wimbledon (8)	Grass	Steffi Graf	7–5, 6–3
Winner	1987	US Open (4)	Hard	Steffi Graf	7–6(7–4), 6–1
Runner-up	1988	Wimbledon	Grass	Steffi Graf	7–5, 2–6, 1–6
Runner-up	1989	Wimbledon	Grass	Steffi Graf	2–6, 7–6(7–1), 1–6
Runner-up	1989	US Open	Hard	Steffi Graf	6–3, 5–7, 1–6
Winner	1990	Wimbledon (9)	Grass	Zina Garrison	6–4, 6–1
Runner-up	1991	US Open	Hard	Monica Seles	6–7(1–7), 1–6
Runner-up	1994	Wimbledon	Grass	Conchita Martínez	4–6, 6–3, 3–6

Performance timeline

Key

W

F

SF

QF

#R

RR

Q#

A

NH

.mw-parser-output .refbeginfont-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ullist-style-type:none;margin-left:0.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>ddmargin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100font-size:100%

Singles

	Czechoslovakia			United States
Tournament	1973	1974	1975	1976	1977		1978	1979	1980	1981	1982	1983	1984	1985	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995–2003	2004
Australian Open	A	A	F	A	A	A	A	A	SF	W	F	W	SF	W	–	F	SF	QF	A	A	A	A	A	A	A
French Open	QF	QF	F	A	A		A	A	A	QF	W	4R	W	F	F	F	4R	A	A	A	A	A	1R	A	1R
Wimbledon	3R	1R	QF	SF	QF		W	W	SF	SF	W	W	W	W	W	W	F	F	W	QF	SF	SF	F	A	2R
US Open	1R	3R	SF	1R	SF		SF	SF	4R	F	QF	W	W	F	W	W	QF	F	4R	F	2R	4R	A	A	A

Records

• These are Open Era tennis records.


• Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements.

Time span	Selected Grand Slam tournament records	Players matched
1974 French Open — 2003 Australian Open	Career Boxed Set[a]	Margaret Court[b]
1974 French Open — 2006 US Open	59 combined titles[c]	Stands alone[d]
1974 French Open — 2006 US Open	41 combined doubles titles (same sex & mixed)	Stands alone
1975 French Open — 1990 US Open	31 doubles titles (same sex)	Stands alone
1975 French Open — 1990 US Open	7+ doubles titles at all four Majors	Stands alone
1983 Wimbledon — 1990 Wimbledon	6 titles won without losing a set	Serena Williams
1983 Wimbledon — 1984 US Open	6 consecutive Grand Slams won[e]	Margaret Court
1983 Wimbledon — 1988 Australian Open	18 consecutive singles semifinals[f]	Stands alone
1978 Wimbledon — 1990 Wimbledon	Winner of Grand Slam singles titles in three decades	Serena Williams
1974 French Open — 2006 US Open	Winner of Grand Slam titles (singles, doubles and mixed) in four decades	Stands alone
1983 Wimbledon — 1983 US Open	2 titles won without losing a set in the same calendar year	Billie Jean King Steffi Graf Martina Hingis Serena Williams Venus Williams Justine Henin

Grand Slam tournaments	Time Span	Records at each Grand Slam tournament	Players matched
French Open	1984–1987	4 consecutive singles finals	Chris Evert Steffi Graf
Wimbledon	1978–1990	9 singles titles overall	Stands alone
Wimbledon	1982–1987	6 consecutive singles titles	Stands alone
Wimbledon	1976–1990	7+ titles overall in both singles and doubles	Stands alone
Wimbledon	1978–1994	12 singles finals overall	Stands alone
Wimbledon	1982–1990	9 consecutive singles finals	Stands alone
Wimbledon	1983–1984, 1986, 1990	4 titles won without losing a set	Stands alone
US Open	1987	Singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles at same Grand Slam event (triple crown)	Margaret Court[b]

Time span	Other selected records	Players matched
1978–1992	8 WTA Tour Championships titles overall	Stands alone
1984, 1985	2 Tour Championships titles without losing a set	Stands alone
1978–1992	14 Tour Championships finals overall	Stands alone
1975–1992	16 Tour Championships semifinals	Stands alone
1974–1993	60 Tour Championships match wins	Stands alone
1974–1994	21 Tour Championships appearances	Stands alone
1974–1985	7 Orlando singles titles	Stands alone
1975–1996	5 US Indoors singles titles	Stands alone
1975–1990	9 Washington singles titles	Stands alone
1978–1993	8 Los Angeles singles titles	Stands alone
1978–1992	12 Chicago singles titles	Stands alone
1978–1993	11 Eastbourne singles titles	Stands alone
1979–1990	9 Dallas singles titles	Stands alone
1974–1994	167 singles titles[82]	Stands alone
1974–2006	177 doubles titles	Stands alone
1974–2006	359 combined titles	Stands alone
1973–1994	239 singles finals reached	Stands alone
1974–2006	1661 matches played	Stands alone
1974–2006	1442 matches won	Stands alone
1974–1993	93 career indoor titles	Stands alone
1984	13 consecutive titles in 1 season	Stands alone
1975–1995	21 consecutive years winning 1+ title [83]	Stands alone
1983–1984	23 consecutive finals	Stands alone
1974–2006	390 career tournaments played	Stands alone
1975–2006	305 grass court match wins	Stands alone
1973–1994	512 carpet court match wins	Stands alone
1973–1994	605 indoor court match wins	Stands alone
1973–1994	755 outdoor court match wins	Stands alone
1983	98.9% (86–1) single season match winning percentage	Stands alone
1984	74 consecutive matches won	Stands alone
1973–1994	89.99% (576–58) carpet court match winning percentage	Stands alone
1973–1994	61 singles finals against same player (Chris Evert, 36–25)	Chris Evert
1973–1994	80 matches against same player (Chris Evert, 43–37)	Chris Evert
1982–1986	5 consecutive years ended at No. 1 (singles)	Stands alone
1973–1994	18 match wins against No. 1 ranked player	Stands alone
1978–1993	16 years with winning percentage 80%+	Stands alone
1978–1993	16 consecutive years with winning percentage 80%+	Stands alone
1978–1992	12 titles at a single tournament (Chicago)	Stands alone
1978–1993	11+ titles at two different tournaments (Chicago, Eastbourne)	Stands alone
1975–1993	8+ titles at seven different tournaments	Stands alone
1975–1993	14 finals at two different tournaments (Chicago, WTA Finals)	Stands alone
1975–1994	11+ finals at seven different tournaments	Stands alone

Awards

• 
  ITF World Champion 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986.


• 
  WTA Player of the Year 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986.


• 
  BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award 2003


• 
  Czech Sport Legend Award 2006

Recognition

In 2005, Tennis magazine selected her as the greatest female tennis player for the years 1965 through 2005, directly over Steffi Graf.^[84]Billie Jean King, a former World No. 1 player, said in 2006 that Navratilova is "the greatest singles, doubles and mixed doubles player who's ever lived."^[85] In 2008, tennis historian and journalist Bud Collins called Navratilova "arguably, the greatest player of all time."^[86]

In 2006, Martina Navratilova was named by Equality Forum as one of their 31 Icons of the LGBT History Month.^[87]

Tennis writer Steve Flink, in his book The Greatest Tennis Matches of the Twentieth Century (1999), named her as the second best female player of the 20th century, directly behind Steffi Graf.^[88]

In June 2011, she was named one of the "30 Legends of Women's Tennis: Past, Present and Future" by Time.^[89]

In March 2012, The Tennis Channel named Navratilova as the second greatest female tennis player of all times, behind Steffi Graf, in their list of 100 greatest tennis players of all times.^[90]

On August 2, 2013, Navratilova was among the first class of inductees into the National Gay and Lesbian Sports Hall of Fame.^[91]

On May 12, 2016, Navratilova was made an honorary fellow of Lucy Cavendish College of the University of Cambridge.^[92]

On September 19, 2018 she was the motivation behind Dee Reynolds and her gang’s attempt at the boggs challenge in the television show “Its Always Sunny in Philadelphia”

Media

In 1983, Martina Navratilova and Vijay Amritraj appeared in the Hart to Hart episode "Love Game" as themselves, as the guests of honor at a charity tennis event. Her role was the more significant; she partnered with the lead male character Jonathan Hart (Robert Wagner) in a mixed doubles match.^[93] In 1996, Navratilova was featured with American football player Art Monk in an endorsement for PowerBook in an ad series "What's on Your PowerBook?"^[94]
In November 2008, Martina Navratilova appeared on the UK's ITV series Series 8 of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!; she finished runner-up to Joe Swash.^[95] In February 2012 Navratilova was announced as a cast member on the 14th season of ABC's Dancing with the Stars. She was partnered with Tony Dovolani, but they were the first pair eliminated.^[96] Navratilova guest-starred as a dissatisfied Yelp reviewer in episode three of the third season of absurdist comedy Portlandia.^[97]

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

• 
  Blue, Adrianne (1995). Martina: The Lives and Times of Martina Navratilova. Carol Publishing Corporation. ISBN 1-55972-300-9.
  


• 
  Howard, Johnette (2006). The Rivals: Chris Evert vs. Martina Navratilova: Their Epic Duels and Extraordinary Friendship. New York: Broadway. ISBN 0-7679-1885-1.
  


• 
  Navratilova, Martina; Vecsey, George (1985). Martina. Knopf. ISBN 978-0394536408.
  


• 
  Nelson, Judy; Faulkner, Sandra (1993). Love Match: Nelson Vs. Navratilova. Carol Publishing Corporation. ISBN 1-55972-157-X.
  

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Martina Navrátilová.

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Martina Navratilova

• Official website


• 
  Martina Navratilova at the Women's Tennis Association


• 
  Martina Navratilova at the International Tennis Federation
  


• 
  Martina Navratilova at the Fed Cup


• 
  Martina Navratilova at the International Tennis Hall of Fame
  


• 
  Martina Navratilova at the United States Olympic Committee
  


• 
  Appearances on C-SPAN
  


• 
  Martina Navratilova on IMDb


• 
  Works by or about Martina Navratilova in libraries (WorldCat catalog)


• 
  "Martina Navratilova collected news and commentary". The Guardian.
  


• 
  "Martina Navratilova collected news and commentary". The New York Times.
  


• 
  Martina Navratilova Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America