War flag

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For the Standard WWI steamship, see SS War Flag.



A knight (Jan I van Brabant) flying a heraldic flag in battle, in addition to the heraldic device displayed on his shield (Codex Manesse, ca. 1304)


A war flag, also known as a military flag, battle flag, or standard,[1] is a variant of a national flag for use by a country's military forces when on land. The nautical equivalent is a naval ensign. Under the strictest sense of the term, few countries today currently have proper war flags, most preferring to use instead their state flag or standard national flag for this purpose.




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Current war flags

    • 2.1 Used by armed forces only


    • 2.2 Army (land) use only


    • 2.3 War flags that are also naval ensigns


    • 2.4 Other war flags



  • 3 Former war flags


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 Further reading


  • 7 External links




History


Further information: Oriflamme, Heraldic flag, Banner, Vexilloid, Field sign, and Royal Standard

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Sound trumpets! Let our bloody colours wave! And either victory, or else a grave.


— Edward, Prince of Wales, in Henry VI, Part 3, Act II, Scene II


Field signs were used in early warfare at least since the Bronze Age.
The word standard itself is from an Old Frankish term for a field sign (not necessarily a flag).




Babur and his Mughal Army saluting the Nine Standards of Timur.


The use of flags as field signs apparently emerges in Asia, during the Iron Age, possibly in either China or India.[2] in Achaemenid Persia, each army division had its own standard, and "all officers had banners over their tents".[3] Early field signs that include, but are not limited to a flag, are also called vexilloid or "flag-like", for example the Roman Eagle standard or the dragon standard of the Sarmatians. The Roman Vexillum itself is also "flag-like" in the sense that it was suspended from a horizontal crossbar as opposed to a simple flagpole.


Use of simple flags as military ensigns becomes common during the medieval period, developing in parallel with heraldry as a complement to the heraldic device shown on shields. The maritime flag also develops in the medieval period. The medieval Japanese Sashimono carried by foot-soldiers are a parallel development.


Some medieval free cities or communes did not have coats of arms, and used war flags that were not derived from a coat of arms. Thus, the city of Lucerne used a blue-white flag as a field sign from the mid 13th century, without deriving it from a heraldic shield design.



Current war flags



Used by armed forces only





  • War flag of Bolivia






  • War flag of Brunei







  • Canadian Armed Forces ensign






  • War flag of the People's Liberation Army (China)






  • Georgia






  • Flag of the Japan Self-Defense Forces and the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force







  • Flag of the Armed Forces of Moldova
    Officially not the war flag of Moldova






  • Myanmar






  • War flag of Portugal







  • Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation






  • War flag of the Royal Staff of Saudi Arabian Armed Forces






  • Flag of the Armed Forces of Serbia






  • Sri Lanka






  • Flag of the Armed Forces of Ukraine




Army (land) use only





  • Bulgaria






  • War flag of the Chinese army






  • War flag of the Republic of China armed forces






  • Georgia






  • War flag of Hungary






  • India







  • Army ensign of Malaysia






  • Myanmar






  • Pakistan Army






  • Polish Land Forces






  • Russian Ground Forces






  • Saudi Arabian Army






  • South Korean army






  • Royal Thai Army






  • Flag of Turkish Land Forces Command







  • Ukrainian army flag






  • British Army non-ceremonial flag






  • Flag of Vietnam People's Army






  • Army flag of the United States of America




War flags that are also naval ensigns





  • War ensign of Finland






  • War ensign of Peru






  • Flag of Saudi Arabian naval bases







  • Ensign of the Singaporean navy






  • War ensign of Sweden






  • The Ukrainian Navy's ensign




Other war flags






  • State, war flag, and state ensign of Denmark







  • State, war flag, and state ensign of Germany







  • State and state/naval ensign of Iceland







  • State/war flag and state/naval ensign of Norway







  • Flag of the Philippines at war






  • War flag (regimental color) of the Hellenic Army






  • The Ukrainian Air Force's flag







  • State, war flag, state, and naval ensign of Venezuela




Former war flags





  • Battle flag of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army






  • The original Eureka Flag specimen, rebel warflag at the 1854 Battle of Eureka Stockade.








  • Battle flag of the Confederate States (1861–65)







  • Cross of Burgundy Flag, Spain (1506–1843)







  • War flag of the Japanese imperial army






  • War flag of the People's Republic of Congo (1970–91)






  • The "Gadsden flag", used by some Continental forces during the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)






  • Battle flag of the United Irishmen, used at the 1798 Rebellion Battle of Arklow







  • War flag of East Germany (1960–90)







  • Reichskriegsflagge, the war flag for the German Wehrmacht and official flag of the Kriegsmarine
    (currently banned in some European Union countries due to usage by neo-fascist groups)






  • State and war flag of the Kingdom of Greece (1863–1924 and 1935–70)







  • War flag of the Italian Social Republic (1943–45)







  • War flag of Prussia (1816)







  • War flag of the German Empire (1903–19)






  • War flag of the Roman Republic of 1849






  • South Vietnam







  • Flag of the Red Army (Unofficial)






  • Naval ensign of the Soviet Union







  • Royal Siamese Army (1892–1936)







  • Royal Siamese Army in Haw wars (1885–1890)







  • United States Cavalry guidon.






  • The United States of America's naval jack (1912–59)






  • War flag of the Royal Italian Army






  • War ensign of the Slovak Republic (puppet state of Nazi Germany 1939–45)







  • War flag of the Independent State of Croatia (puppet state of Nazi Germany 1941–45)






  • War flag of the Royal Hungarian Army (1939–45)




See also


  • Colours, standards and guidons


References




  1. ^ "standard". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)


  2. ^ flag. (2008). Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.


  3. ^ E. Pottier, Douris, London, 1909, p. 105 fig. 20, Plate XXV.b




Further reading


  • Wise, Terence (1978) Military flags of the world, in color. New York: Arco Publishing. 184p.
    ISBN 0668044721. War flags of 1618–1900.


External links



  • FIAV Flag Information Symbols at Flags of the World
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