Richard Garriott
Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP | Richard Garriott de Cayeux | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Richard Allen Garriott (1961-07-04) 4 July 1961 Cambridge, England, UK |
| Citizenship | American, British[1] |
| Occupation | Video game developer |
| Known for | Ultima series Private astronaut |
| Spouse(s) | Laetitia Pichot de Cayeux (m. 2011) |
| Children | 2 |
| Parent(s) |
|
| Relatives | Robert Garriott (brother) |
| Awards | AIAS Hall of Fame Award (2006)[2] |
Space Adventures private astronaut | |
Time in space | 11d 20h 35m |
| Missions | Soyuz TMA-13/TMA-12 |
Mission insignia |  |
Richard Garriott de Cayeux (born Richard Allen Garriott; July 4, 1961) is an English-American video game developer and entrepreneur.
He is also known as his alter egos Lord British in Ultima and General British in Tabula Rasa. A well-known figure in the video game industry, Garriott was originally a game designer and programmer and now engages in various aspects of computer game development and business.
On October 12, 2008, Garriott flew aboard Soyuz TMA-13 to the International Space Station as a private astronaut,[3][4] returning 12 days later aboard Soyuz TMA-12. He became the second astronaut, and first from the U.S., who had a parent that was also a space traveler.
Garriott founded a new video game development company in 2009, called Portalarium.[5] His current project is Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues where his primary role is as CEO and Creative Director.
In 2011, Garriott married Laetitia de Cayeux. Both changed their last names to Garriott de Cayeux.[6]
Contents
1 Early life
2 Game design career
3 Spaceflight
4 Other accomplishments and interests
5 Awards
6 Games
7 References
8 External links
Early life
Richard was born in Cambridge, England,[7][8] the son of American parents Helen Mary Garriott née Walker and Owen K. Garriott, one of NASA's first scientist-astronauts, who flew on Skylab 3 and Space Shuttle mission STS-9.[9][10] He was raised in the United States from the age of about two months,[1] in Nassau Bay, Texas.[9]
What Garriott later described as "my first real exposure to computers" occurred in 1975, during his freshman year of high school at Clear Creek High School. As he wanted more experience beyond the single one-semester BASIC class the school offered, and as a fan of The Lord of the Rings and Dungeons & Dragons, Garriott convinced the school to let him create a self-directed course in programming, in which he created fantasy computer games on the school's teletype machine.[11][12] Garriott later estimated that he wrote 28 computer fantasy games during high school.[8]
In the summer of 1977, his parents sent him to the University of Oklahoma for a seven-week computer camp. Shortly after he arrived, some of the other boys attending the camp introduced themselves. When Garriott replied to their greeting of "Hi" with "Hello" they decided he sounded like he was from Britain, and gave him the nickname "British". Garriott uses the name to this day for his various gaming characters, including Ultima character Lord British and Tabula Rasa character General British;[13] however, despite his nickname and birthplace, his parents moved to Texas when he was a baby and his accent is American rather than British.[14]
Game design career
Garriott began writing computer games in 1974. His first games were created on and for teletype terminals. The code was stored on paper tape spools and the game was displayed as an ongoing print-out on the spools of printer paper produced by teletype machines. In summer 1979, Garriott worked at a ComputerLand store where he had his first encounter with Apple computers. Inspired by their video monitors with color graphics, he began to add perspective view to his own games. After he created Akalabeth for fun, the owner of the store convinced Garriott it might sell. Garriott spent US$200 printing copies of a manual and cover sheet that his mother had drawn, then he put copies of the game in Ziploc bags to sell at the store. Although Garriott sold fewer than a dozen copies of Akalabeth at the store, one copy made it to California Pacific, who signed a deal with him. The game sold over 30,000 copies, and Garriott received $5 for each copy sold.[12][15][16] Akalabeth is considered the first published Computer Role Playing Game. In the fall, Garriott entered the University of Texas at Austin, joined the school's fencing team and later joined the Society for Creative Anachronism. He created Ultima I while at the university. It was published by California Pacific Computers and sold in Ziploc plastic bags, as was common in those days.
Steve Jackson Games (SJG) maintained a friendly relationship with Garriott and, when he visited the SJG office one day, Garriott was so impressed by the artwork of Denis Loubet that he commissioned him to paint the cover of Ultima I (1980). Loubet subsequently painted many other covers for Garriott's games.[17]
In the early 1980s, Garriott continued to develop the Ultima series of computer games, eventually leaving university to author them on a full-time basis.[12] Originally programmed for the Apple II, the Ultima series later became available on several platforms. Ultima II was published by Sierra On-Line, as they were the only company that would agree to publish it in a box together with a printed cloth map. By the time he developed Ultima III, Garriott, together with his brother Robert, their father Owen and Chuck Bueche established their own video game publisher, Origin Systems, to handle publishing and distribution, in part due to controversy with Sierra over royalties for the PC port of Ultima II.[18][19][7]
Garriott, dressed as his "Lord British" persona, at the 2018 Game Developers Conference
Garriott sold Origin Systems to Electronic Arts in September 1992 for 30 million dollars.[20] In 1997, he coined the term massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), giving a new identity to the nascent genre previously known as graphical MUDs.[21] In 1999 and 2000, EA canceled all of Origin's new development projects, including Privateer Online, and Harry Potter Online.[22][23] In the midst of these events, Garriott resigned from the company and returned to the industry by forming Destination Games in April 2000 with his brother and Starr Long (the producer of Ultima Online). Once Garriott's non-compete agreement with EA expired a year later, Destination partnered with NCsoft where he acted as a producer and designer of MMORPGs. After that, he became the CEO of NCsoft Austin, also known as NC Interactive.
Tabula Rasa failed to generate a significant amount of money during its initial release, despite its seven-year development period. On November 11, 2008, in an open letter on the Tabula Rasa website, Garriott announced his plans to leave NCsoft to pursue new interests sparked by his spaceflight experiences. Later, however, Garriott claimed that the letter was forged as a means of forcing him out of his position and that he had had no intention of leaving.[24] On November 24, 2008 NCsoft announced that it planned to end the live service of Tabula Rasa. The servers shut down on February 28, 2009, after a period of free play from January 10 onward for existing account holders.[25]
In July 2010, an Austin District Court awarded Garriott USD$28 million in his lawsuit against NCsoft, finding that the company did not appropriately handle his departure in 2008. In October 2011, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the judgment.[26]
Garriott founded the company Portalarium in 2009. The company is developing Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues, a spiritual successor to the Ultima series, with Garriott having remarked that had they been able to secure the rights to the Ultima intellectual property from Electronic Arts, the game could have become Ultima Online 2 in name.[27][28][29][30] On March 8, 2013, Portalarium launched a Kickstarter campaign[31] for Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues.[32]
Spaceflight
In 1983 Softline reported that "Garriott wants to go into space but doesn't see it happening in the predictable future ... He has frequently joked with his father about stowing away on a spaceship, and recently his speculations have been sounding uncomfortably realistic".[7] The income from the success of Garriott's video game career allowed him to pursue his interest in spaceflight, and the sale of Origin Systems allowed him to invest in Space Adventures and purchase the ticket to become the first private citizen to fly into space. However, Garriott suffered financial setbacks in 2001 after the dot-com bubble burst, and he was forced to sell his seat to Dennis Tito.[33]
He then says he returned to making games, to make money, and once he had enough, put down a non-refundable deposit to go into space. During the mandatory medical examination, they found he had a hemangioma on his liver, which could cause potentially fatal internal bleeding if there was a rapid depressurization of a spacecraft. Told he had to either give up his large deposit, or undergo life-threatening surgery, he decided to have the operation, and now has a 16-inch scar from it. He spent a year in Russia training before he launched into space.[33]
Richard Garriott (far right) aboard the ISS on 23 October 2008 with the MIT SPHERES Satellites
On September 28, 2007, Space Adventures announced that Garriott would fly to the International Space Station in October 2008 as a self-funded private astronaut, reportedly paying $30 million USD.[3][34] On October 12, 2008, Garriott became the second second-generation space traveler (after Sergei Volkov)[35][36] and the first offspring of an American astronaut to go into space,[3][35][37] and the second person to wear the British Union flag in space.[38] The Soyuz docked with the station on October 14. His father, Owen K. Garriott, was at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for the launch of his son and was in attendance when a Soyuz capsule returned with his son twelve days later.[39]
Screen capture from Windows on Earth, used by Garriott on ISS to identify targets for Earth photography. (Coast of Peru)
During his spaceflight, Garriott took part in several education outreach efforts. As a part of that outreach program he worked with the free Metro newspaper in London, which provided him with a special edition containing details of British primary school student's space experiment concepts which Richard took to the ISS. The Metro has claimed as a result that it was the first newspaper in space.[40][41] He is an Amateur Radio Operator (callsign W5KWQ), and during his stay on the International Space Station (ISS), communicated with students and other Amateur Radio operators using Amateur Radio.[42] Garriott also transmitted photographs using the Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) slow-scan television system. Garriott also placed a geocache while aboard the ISS.[43]
Garriott also worked with the Windows on Earth project, which provides an interactive, virtual view of Earth as seen from the ISS.[44] Garriott used Windows on Earth software to assist in the selection of locations on Earth to photograph, and the public were able to use the same online tool to track the ISS and see the view Richard was experiencing out an ISS window. Richard's photographs, along with images taken by his astronaut father Owen Garriott in 1973, will be available to the public through Windows on Earth, adding a personal element to studies of Earth and how Earth has changed over time.[44]
Tracy Hickman wrote a screenplay for Garriott, for the first science-fiction film shot in space, Apogee of Fear.[45]
On October 24, Russian cosmonauts of ISS Expedition 17, Sergei Volkov and Oleg Kononenko, along with private astronaut Richard Garriott, aboard Soyuz TMA-12 capsule, landed safely (ideal) at 09:36 (03:36GMT, 07:36 Moscow time), 55 miles north of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan. They were lifted to the Kazakhstan Baikonur space center by helicopter, and then flew to Zvezdny Gorodok (Star City), Moscow Region.[46][47][48][49]
On June 3, 2009, the New York Daily News announced that Garriott would officiate at the first wedding to be held in zero gravity.[50] The wedding took place in a specially modified Boeing 727-200 aircraft, G-Force One, operated by Zero Gravity Corporation, or ZERO-G, a company offering weightless flight experiences, of which he is the co-founder.[51]
In 2010 he released a documentary, Man on a Mission: Richard Garriott's Road to the Stars.[52]
Other accomplishments and interests
In 1986, Garriott helped start the Challenger Center for Space Science Education. His high school science teacher was June Scobee-Rogers, wife of Challenger Shuttle Commander Dick Scobee, who piloted the STS-51-L mission. STS-51-L was intended to carry the first teacher in space flight, before it and its crew were tragically lost on lift off. Scobee drew on Garriott's early leadership in gaming, to help design what has become approximately 50 global interactive networked facilities, where students study about and perform simulated space missions.[53]
Garriott bought the Luna 21 lander and the Lunokhod 2 rover (both currently on lunar surface) from the Lavochkin Association for $68,500 in December 1993 at a Sotheby's auction in New York[54] (although the catalog incorrectly lists lot 68A as Luna 17/Lunokhod 1).[55] Garriott notes that while UN treaties ban governmental ownership of property off earth, corporations and private citizens retain such rights. Lunokhod 2 is still in use with mirrors aligned to bounce lasers such that precise earth moon distances can be measured. With his vehicle "still in use", Garriott claims property rights to the territory surveyed by Lunokhod 2. This may be the first valid claim for private ownership of extraterrestrial territory.[56] Lunokhod 2 held the distance record for miles traveled on another planetary body, until surpassed by the NASA Opportunity Rover in 2014.[57]
Garriott acted as corner man for professional boxer and friend Jesús Chávez in his first title defense against Erik Morales in 2004.[58]
He is also an avid magician and magic collector, and appeared on the cover of the January 2008 issue of MUM, the magazine of the Society of American Magicians.[59] The issue featured an article about an event hosted at Garriott's home involving several of the world's best magicians.[60]
While not directly related to stage magic, Garriot is a fan of the collectible card game Magic: The Gathering, and designed a card in the Magic 2015 expansion set.
Garriott built a haunted house/museum at his residence called Britannia Manor in Austin, Texas.
Garriott promotes private space flight as vice-chairman of the board of directors for Space Adventures.
Garriott is a trustee of the X PRIZE Foundation.[61]
Garriott performed the first Zero-G wedding on June 20, 2009.[62]
Garriott's collections were featured on the June 10, 2012 episode of the Oddities TV series.
In 2007, he co-founded Planetary Power, Inc. with Eric C. Anderson and Miguel Forbes.[63]
Garriott received an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Queen Mary University London in 2011.[64]
Garriott provided vocals for a track on the Shooter Jennings 2016 album Countach.[65]
Garriott is an adviser of SpaceVR, a virtual reality space exploration company.[66]
Garriott is an advocate of Personal rapid transit and the system used at London's Heathrow Airport.[67]
Richard and wife Laetitia Garriott de Cayeux had their first child, Kinga Shuilong Garriott de Cayeux, on June 30, 2012.[68] Their second child, Ronin Phi Garriott de Cayeux, was born on July 28, 2014.
Awards
- Garriott was named Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 1992[69]
- Garriott was named one of the "15 Most Influential Players" by Computer Gaming World
- Garriott was inducted into the Computer Gaming World Hall of Fame
- Garriott was named "Designer of the Year" by PC Gamer
- Garriott was named "Game God" by PC Gamer in 1999
- Garriott became the ninth inductee into the Academy of Interactive Arts and Sciences' Hall of Fame in 2006[70]
- Garriott became the sixth recipient of the Game Developers Choice Lifetime Achievement Award in 2006[71]
- Garriott was named an "Industry Legend" at the UK Develop Conference in 2007
- Garriott received the British Interplanetary Society's Sir Arthur Clarke Award for Best Individual Achievement in 2009[72]
- Garriott received the British Interplanetary Society's Astronaut Pin given to British born astronauts in 2009[72]
- Garriott received the Society of NASA Flight Surgeons Lovelace Award for Contributions to Space Medicine in 2009
- Garriott was inducted into the Environmental Hall of Fame in 2010.[73]
Games
| Game name | First released | Garriott's role(s) |
|---|---|---|
D&D#1 | 1977 | Game designer & programmer |
Akalabeth: World of Doom | 1979 | Game designer & programmer |
Ultima I: The First Age of Darkness | 1981 | Original conceptor, programmer & graphic artist |
Ultima II: The Revenge of the Enchantress | 1982 | Game designer |
Ultima III: Exodus | 1983 | Project director |
Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar | 1985 | Project director |
Autoduel | 1985 | Programmer & designer |
Ultima V: Warriors of Destiny | 1988 | Designer, writer & programmer |
Omega | 1989 | Designer |
Ultima VI: The False Prophet | 1990 | Designer, producer, sound effect worker, writer & voice actor |
Worlds of Ultima: The Savage Empire | 1990 | Executive producer |
Ultima: Worlds of Adventure 2: Martian Dreams | 1991 | Creative director |
Ultima: Runes of Virtue | 1991 | Creative director |
Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss | 1992 | Director & voice actor |
Ultima VII: The Black Gate | 1992 | Director & producer |
Ultima VII: Forge of Virtue | 1993 | Creative assistance & producer |
Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle | 1993 | Creative director & audio team member |
Ultima VII Part Two: The Silver Seed | 1993 | Director & voice actor |
Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds | 1993 | Director & voice actor |
Ultima VIII: Pagan | 1994 | Producer |
Ultima: Runes of Virtue II | 1994 | Creative director & additional design |
Ultima VIII: The Lost Vale | Cancelled | Producer |
BioForge | 1995 | Executive producer |
Ultima Online | 1997 | Producer |
Ultima Online: The Second Age | 1998 | Executive designer |
Lineage | 1998 | Executive producer |
Ultima IX: Ascension | 1999 | Director |
Lineage II | 2003 | Executive producer |
City of Heroes | 2004 | Executive producer |
City of Villains | 2005 | Executive management |
Tabula Rasa | 2007 | Executive producer |
Shroud of the Avatar: Forsaken Virtues | 2018 | Creative director |
References
^ ab "One on One With Richard 'Lord British' Garriott". PC Gamer. UK. August 2007. p. 11. Retrieved April 1, 2016.PCG: 'How did you come by the alias of Lord British? You're obviously not English. Richard Garriott: 'Actually, that's not true ... I am a British citizen. That said, I only lived there for about two months prior to moving to the States.'
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^ "D.I.C.E Special Awards". Retrieved 22 January 2017.
^ abc Mark Carreau (2008). "$30 million buys Austin resident a ride on Soyuz mission". The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
^ Tariq Malik. "Former Astronaut's Son Signs on as Next Space Tourist". SPACE.com. Retrieved October 9, 2007.
^ About – Portalarium from official company website
^ Garriott de Cayeux, Richard. "By the way..." Google+. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
^ abc Durkee, David (Nov–Dec 1983). "Profiles in Programming / Lord British". Softline. p. 26. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
^ ab "Inside Ultima IV". Computer Gaming World. March 1986. pp. 18–21. Archived from the original on 2008-12-27.
^ ab "INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION". Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ Tariq Malik. "Former Astronaut's Son Signs on as Next Space Tourist". space.com. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ Official Book of Ultima by Shay Addams, page 3-5
^ abc Garriott, Richard (July 1988). "Lord British Kisses and Tells All / as told by His Royal Highness, High King of Britannia". Computer Gaming World. p. 28. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
^ King, Brad; John Borland (2003). Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic. McGraw-Hill. pp. 11–12. ISBN 0-07-222888-1.
^ BBC, News (2008-07-15). "BBC NEWS – Science/Nature – Private mission set for ISS". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
^ The Official Book of Ultima, page 8
^ Ferrell, Keith (January 1989). "Dungeon Delving with Richard Garriott". Compute!. p. 16. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
^ Shannon Appelcline (2011). Designers & Dragons. Mongoose Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-907702-58-7.
^ The Official Book of Ultima (second edition), page 25.
^ Gillen, Kieron (2008-03-04). "Warren Spector Interviews Every-Bloody-One". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ "Pimps and Dragons". The New Yorker. 2001-05-28. Retrieved 2014-07-29.
^ Safko, Ron; Brake, David (2009). The Social Media Bible: Tactics, Tools, and Strategies for Business Success. Wiley. ISBN 0-470-41155-4.Richard Garriott first coined the term MMORPG in 1997.
^ Linder, Brian (2001-05-10). "IGN: Harry Potter LEGO Redux". Retrieved 2007-04-28.
^ Matonis, Misty (2002-01-05). "When Kings Fall: Part II of II". Archived from the original on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
^ [1][dead link]
^ Garriott, Richard (2008-11-11). "Richard Garriott's Tabula Rasa – An Open Letter from General British". Archived from the original on 2008-12-27. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
^ Gaar, Brian (2011-10-25). "Appeals court upholds Garriott's $28 million verdict against NCsoft". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on 2012-08-22. Retrieved 2011-10-31.
^ Jef Reahard. "Garriott's Ultimate RPG 'clearly the spiritual successor' to Ultima". Engadget. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ "Garriott's Ultimate RPG could become Ultima Online 2". Eurogamer.net. 12 December 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ LOGIN 2011 Keynote: Richard Garriott - The Next Big Games. YouTube. 25 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ Lord British shall walk the streets of Britannia again!. YouTube. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ "Shroud of the Avatar Kickstarter Campaign". Portalarium. 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-04-08.
^ "Shroud of the Avatar Home Page". Portalarium. 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2013-04-08.
^ ab "The Moth and the World Science Festival Present Richard Garriott: The Overview Effect". YouTube. 2011-12-15. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
^ Space Adventures, Ltd. (2008). "Space Adventures Announces 1st Second Generation Astronaut". Space Adventures, Ltd. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
^ ab Peter Leonard for The Associated Press (October 12, 2008). "US game designer blasts into space with DNA cargo". USA Today. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
^ Marcia Dunn for The Associated Press (2008). "Space tourist will pay high price for adventure". MSNBC. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
^ Chris Bergin (2008). "Soyuz TMA-13 launches trio on journey to the ISS". NASA Spaceflight.com. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
^ "Login". Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ "Successful Lift Off For US Space Tourist – Space News – redOrbit". redorbit.com. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ "Metro is the first paper in space". Metro.
^ Greenslade, Roy. "Metro is 'first newspaper in space'". Guardian. Guardian, London.
^ Frank H. Bauer (2008-09-19). "Richard Garriott on ISS". Southgate Amateur Radio Club. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
[permanent dead link]
^ "International Space Station Traditional Geocache".
^ ab TERC (2008). "Richard Garriott's Mission in October, 2008". Technical Education Research Centers. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
^ "LTUE, Day 2". Tachyon City (Nathan Shumate). Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
^ "Soyuz space capsule lands safely". BBC. October 24, 2008.
^ ap.google.com, American, Russians return from space station[dead link]
^ Sputnik (24 October 2008). "Soyuz capsule safely lands in Kazakhstan - 2". Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ "ITAR-TASS". Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ Boyle, Christina (3 June 2009). "So in love they could float away: Brooklyn couple to wed in zero gravity". New York Daily News.
^ "Couple floats into zero gravity nuptials". Reuters. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ Heath Newburn (14 March 2010). "Man on a Mission: Richard Garriott's Road to the Stars (2010)". IMDb. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ Challenger Center / Space Adventures Announcement Archived 2014-08-12 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "The Bloc on the Block". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ Sotheby's Catalogue – Russian Space History, Addendum, Lot 68A, December 11, 1993
^ "Privately Owned Soviet Moon Rover Sparks Space Law Talks". Space.com. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ "Mars rover Opportunity breaks longest off-Earth driving record, finally beating the speed freak Russians - ExtremeTech". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ Richard Garriott's Space Mission : Austin Archived 2011-12-30 at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Computer Science for Fun - cs4fn: The space game". Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ "Austin Magician – Magic at the Manor". Retrieved 22 July 2016.
^ "Board Of Trustees". XPRIZE. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
^ "NY Couple Gets Hitched in Zero Gravity". Space.com. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ "Our Team-Planetary Power". Planetarypower.com. 2013-11-21. Archived from the original on 2014-03-01. Retrieved 2014-02-26.
^ "Honorary Graduates - Queen Mary University of London". www.qmul.ac.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ "Shooter Jennings Readies Giorgio Moroder Album". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-10-17. Retrieved 2015-07-29.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) From virtual-strategy.com
^ Mondon, Marielle (2015-08-18). "Is Austin Ready for Personal Rapid Transit? – Next City". Nextcity.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ "Richard Garriott: New Daddy (Update: New Picture!)". The Ultima Codex. 2012-07-11. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ "Regional Entrepreneurs of the Year". Inc.com. 1992-12-01. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ Sciences, Academy of Interactive Arts &. "Special Awards Details Page". www.interactive.org. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ "Game Developers Choice Awards". www.gamechoiceawards.com. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ ab "Honours and Awards". www.bis-space.com. Retrieved 2018-01-08.
^ Richard Garriott, Environmentalist from Environmental Hall of Fame
External links
 | Wikiquote has quotations related to: Richard Garriott |
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richard Garriott. |
- Official website
Richard Garriott on IMDb- Windows on Earth
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