3rd Division (United Kingdom)
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| 3rd Division 3rd Infantry Division 3rd Armoured Division 3rd Mechanised Division 3rd (United Kingdom) Division | |
|---|---|
 Insignia of the 3rd Division from 1940[1] | |
| Active | Since 18 June 1809 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Armoured Infantry |
| Size | 1939–1945 war establishment strength 13,863-18,347 men.[2] |
| Part of | Field Army |
| Garrison/HQ | Bulford Camp, Wiltshire |
| Nickname(s) | 1810–1814: Fighting 3rd 1916-1918: 3rd (Iron) Division, Iron Division, or Iron Sides[a] 1943-1945: 3rd British Infantry Division or 3rd British Division (to distinguish it from the 3rd Canadian Division) |
| Engagements | Napoleonic Wars Battle of Bussaco Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro Battle of El Bodón Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo Siege of Badajoz Battle of Salamanca Siege of Burgos Battle of Vitoria Battle of the Pyrenees Battle of Nivelle Battle of the Nive Battle of Orthez Battle of Toulouse Battle of Quatre Bras Battle of Waterloo Crimean War Battle of Alma Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) Second Boer War First World War Battle of Mons Battle of the Somme Battle of the Ancre Battle of Delville Wood Battle of Arras 1917 Second World War Battle of Belgium Battle of France Normandy landings Battle of Normandy Operation Market Garden Overloon and Venray Reichswald Rhine crossing Bremen |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Major-General James Swift |
| Command Sergeant Major | WO1 Paul Carney |
| Notable commanders | Thomas Picton Charles Alten Hubert Hamilton Bernard Montgomery William Ramsden |
| Insignia | |
| Identification symbol |  World War 1 Division sign.[6] |
The 3rd (United Kingdom) Division is a regular army division of the British Army. It was created in 1809 by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, as part of the Anglo-Portuguese Army, for service in the Peninsular War, and was known as the Fighting 3rd under Sir Thomas Picton during the Napoleonic Wars. The division fought at the Battle of Waterloo, as well as during the Crimean War and the Second Boer War. As a result of bitter fighting in 1916, during the First World War, the division became referred to as the 3rd (Iron) Division, or the Iron Division or Ironsides. During the Second World War, the division (now known as the 3rd Infantry Division) fought in the Battle of France including a rearguard action during the Dunkirk Evacuation, and played a prominent role in the D-Day landings of 6 June 1944. The division was to have been part of a proposed Commonwealth Corps, formed for a planned invasion of Japan in 1945–46, and later served in the British Mandate of Palestine. During the Second World War, the insignia became the "pattern of three" — a black triangle trisected by an inverted red triangle, created by Bernard Montgomery to instil pride in his troops.
Contents
1 Napoleonic Wars
2 Crimean War
3 Second Boer War
4 First World War
5 Inter-War Period
6 Second World War
6.1 D-Day
6.2 After D-Day
7 Cold War
8 Post Cold War
9 Order of battle
10 Recipients of the Victoria Cross
11 General Officers Commanding
12 See also
13 Notes
14 References
15 External links
Napoleonic Wars
The division was part of the Allied British and Portuguese forces that took part in the Peninsular War. It fought at the Battle of Bussaco in September 1810,[7] the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811[8] and the Battle of El Bodón in September 1811,[9] before further combat at the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812,[10] the Siege of Badajoz in March 1812[11] and the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812.[12] It also fought at the Siege of Burgos in September 1812[13] and the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813.[14] It then pursued the French army into France and saw action at the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813,[15] the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813[16] and the Battle of the Nive in December 1813.[17] After that it fought at the Battle of Orthez in February 1814[18] and the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814.[19]
According to Picton, the fighting by the 3rd was so intense at the Battle of Vitoria, that the division lost 1,800 men (over one third of all Allied losses at the battle) having taken a key bridge and village, where they were subjected to fire by 40 to 50 cannons, and a counter-attack on the right flank (which was open because the rest of the army had not kept pace).[14] The 3rd held their ground and pushed on with other divisions to capture the village of Arinez.[14]
Map of the Battle of Waterloo the 3rd Division holding the centre under Alten
The 3rd Division was also present at the Battle of Quatre Bras and the Battle of Waterloo in the Waterloo campaign under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Alten K.C.B. (Count Carl von Alten).[20]
Crimean War
The 3rd Division took part in the Crimean War and fought in the Battle of Alma and the Siege of Sevastopol. It was under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir Richard England.[21]
Second Boer War
During the Second Boer War (1899–1902) the division began under the command of General Gatacre.[22] In 1902 the army was restructured, and a 3rd Infantry division was established permanently at Bordon as part of the 1st Army Corps, comprising the 5th and 6th Infantry Brigades.[23][24]
First World War
Men of the 1st Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers watching the 7th (Service) Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry marching up to the outpost line, 3rd Division, 11 April 1918.
During the First World War the 3rd Division was a permanently established Regular Army division that was amongst the first to be sent to France at the outbreak of the war as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The 3rd Division served on the Western Front in France and Belgium for four years, from 1914 to 1918. During this time, it was nicknamed "The Iron Division". Its first commander during the war, Major-General Hubert Hamilton, was killed by shellfire near Béthune in October 1914. The division served in many major battles of the war, including the Battle of Mons and the subsequent Great Retreat, and later the First Battle of Ypres.[25]
Inter-War Period
After the end of the First World War, the division was stationed in southern England where it formed part of Southern Command. In 1937, one of its brigades, the 9th Infantry Brigade, was commanded by Brigadier Bernard Montgomery. He assumed command of the 3rd Division shortly before Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939.[26]
Second World War
The 3rd Infantry Division, under the command of Major General Bernard Montgomery, was sent overseas to France in late September 1939, just under a month after the outbreak of the Second World War.[27] There the division became part of Lieutenant General Alan Brooke's II Corps of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF).[27] However, unlike in the First World War, where the division was almost immediately engaged in desperate fighting, there was no action. Montgomery instantly began training the men of his division in a tough training regime. As with most of the rest of the BEF, training was severely hampered by a shortage of modern equipment.[28]
Men of the 2nd Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment on exercise wearing snow suits, 4 February 1940.
Troops from the 2nd Battalion, Middlesex Regiment, 3rd Division, training on the Vickers machine gun at Gondecourt, 21 March 1940.
In May 1940, after several months of relative inactivity, the German Army launched its attack in the west which resulted in the BEF being split up from the French Army, evacuated from Dunkirk. Due to Montgomery's strict training regime, the 3rd Division suffered comparatively few casualties and earned a reputation as one of the best British divisions in France. During the evacuation Montgomery was promoted to temporary command of II Corps and Brigadier Kenneth Anderson took temporary control of the division before, in July, Major General James Gammell assumed command.[27]
Gunners of the 20th Anti-Tank Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division, haul a 2-pdr anti-tank gun up a steep slope during training at Verwood in Dorset, 22 March 1941.
For over a year after Dunkirk the composition of 3rd Division remained largely unchanged (except that the motorcycle battalion was converted into 3rd (RNF) Reconnaissance Regiment, Reconnaissance Corps). Then, in September 1941, the 7th Guards Brigade was transferred to help create the Guards Armoured Division, and, in November, the 37th Infantry Brigade Group joined the 3rd Division and was renumbered 7th Brigade with the following composition:[29][30] The brigade anti-tank companies were disbanded during 1941 and 92nd (Loyals) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, formerly the 7th Battalion, Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire), joined the division in March 1942. In June 1942, 3rd Infantry Division was reorganised as a 'Mixed' Division, with 33rd Tank Brigade replacing 7th Infantry Brigade. By early 1943, the experiment with 'mixed' divisions was abandoned, and division reverted to being an infantry formation, 33rd Tank Brigade being replaced by 185th Infantry Brigade.[29][31]
D-Day
Men of 2nd Battalion, Royal Ulster Rifles pause during the move inland from Sword Beach, 6 June 1944.
The 3rd British Infantry Division was the first British formation to land at Sword Beach on D-Day, 6 June 1944, as part of the invasion of Normandy, part of the larger Operation Overlord. For the assault landing, 3rd British Division was organised as a Division Group, with other formations temporarily under its command. These included 27th Armoured Brigade (Sherman DD amphibious tanks) and 22nd Dragoons (Sherman Crab flail tanks), 1st Special Service Brigade and No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando, 5th Royal Marine Independent Armoured Support Battery (Centaur IV close support tanks), 77 and 79 Assault Squadrons of 5th Assault Regiment, Royal Engineers (Churchill AVREs).[32]
The division's own artillery were all self-propelled (field regiments: M7 Priest;[33][34][35][36] anti-tank regiment: M10 tank destroyer[37][38]) and the SP field guns and RM Centaurs were able to fire from their landing craft during the run-in to the beach. In addition, 3rd British Division had 101 Beach Sub-Area HQ and Nos 5 and 6 Beach groups under command for the assault phase: these included additional engineers, transport, pioneers, medical services and vehicle recovery sections.[39][40]
The 3rd Division's brigades were organised as brigade groups for the assault, with 8 Brigade Group making the first landing, followed by 185 Brigade Group and 9 Brigade Group in succession during the morning and early afternoon.[39]
After D-Day
After D-Day the 3rd Infantry Division fought through the Battle for Caen, in Operation Charnwood and Operation Goodwood. With the fighting in Normandy over after the Battle of the Falaise Gap, the division also participated in the Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine and fought in the Netherlands and Belgium and later the Allied invasion of Germany. For the campaign in Normandy, the division was commanded by Major-General Tom Rennie until he was wounded on 13 June 1944; Major-General 'Bolo' Whistler, a highly popular commander, took command on 23 June 1944.[41] During the campaign in Normandy, the division won its first Victoria Cross of the Second World War, awarded in August 1944 to Corporal Sidney Bates of 1st Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment, part of the 185th Brigade. Private James Stokes of the 2nd Battalion, King's Shropshire Light Infantry, also of the 185th Brigade, was the second recipient awarded the Victoria Cross in March 1945.[42]
Men of the 2nd Battalion, East Yorkshire Regiment clearing houses in Venray, the Netherlands, 17 October 1944.
During the often intense fighting from Sword Beach to Bremen, the 3rd Division suffered 2,586 killed with over 12,000 wounded.[43]
Cold War
Postwar, the division was reformed on 1 April 1951, in the Suez Canal Zone, under the command of Sir Hugh Stockwell. The division became part of Middle East Land Forces. It consisted of three recently reraised brigades, the 32nd Guards, the 19th Infantry, and the 39th Infantry. It served in the UK for many years and was part of the Army Strategic Command in 1968. It had elements of 5th, 19th, and 24th Brigades attached to it.[44]
During the 1970s the division consisted of two "square" brigades, the 6th Armoured Brigade and 33rd Armoured Brigade.[45] It became 3rd Armoured Division in 1976 and served with I (BR) Corps being based at St Sebastian Barracks in Soest near the Möhne Dam from 1977.[46] After being briefly reorganised into two "task forces" ("Echo" and "Foxtrot") in the late 1970s, it consisted of the 4th Armoured Brigade, the 6th Airmobile Brigade and the 19th Infantry Brigade in the 1980s.[47]
Post Cold War
The division was given a new role as a mechanised division, becoming 3rd Mechanised Division with headquarters at Bulford, Wiltshire, in 1992.[48] It provided the headquarters for Multi-National Division (South-West) in Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1995 / 1996 and again in 1998.[49]
On 1 September 1999 the division was freed from its administrative and regional responsibilities and became a deployable or "fly-away" division.[50] As 3rd (UK) Mechanised Division it was the only division at continual operational readiness in the United Kingdom (the other at operational readiness being 1st (UK) Armoured Division in Germany). It was based at Picton Barracks, Bulford Camp, and reported to the Commander Land Forces at Andover. Under Army 2020, the division was renamed as 3rd (United Kingdom) Division and will continue to be based at Bulford Camp, and command the Reaction Force. In 2016, Brigadier General Douglas Crissman of the United States Army was assigned as Deputy Commanding General of the Division.[51] Crissman was replaced by Brigadier General Matthew J. Van Wagenen in April 2018.[52] This was part of a growing practice for senior officers of the British Army and the United States Army to be assigned as deputy commanders (and effectively liaison officers) in each other's operational units.[53]
Structure of 3rd (UK) Division under Army 2020 Refine
Order of battle
| 3rd Division (Peninsular War, in particular the Battle of Victoria) | |
|---|---|
Commanding General: Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Picton (7,500)
| |
| 3rd Division (Battle of Waterloo) | |
|---|---|
5th Brigade
2nd Brigade, King's German Legion
1st Hanoverian Brigade
Artillery
| |
| 3rd Division (Crimean War) | |
|---|---|
| |
| 3rd Division or 3rd (Iron) Division (First World War[54]) | |
|---|---|
7th Brigade (to 18 October 1915):
8th Brigade
9th Brigade (The brigade stayed with the division throughout the war, except for a brief period in early 1915 when it exchanged places with the 85th Brigade of 28th Division.)
76th Brigade (from 15 October 1915)
| |
| 3rd Infantry Division (1939) | |
|---|---|
7th Guards Brigade[55]
8th Infantry Brigade[56]
9th Infantry Brigade[57]
Divisional Troops[29]
| |
| 3rd Infantry Division or 3rd British Division (1940–1945) | |
|---|---|
7th Infantry Brigade (Until June 1942)
8th Infantry Brigade[56]
9th Infantry Brigade[57]
185th Infantry Brigade (1943 onwards)[60]
33rd Tank Brigade (June 1942 - 1943)[61]
Divisional Troops
| |
| 3rd (UK) Mechanised Division (1990s)[62] | |
|---|---|
| |
| 3rd (United Kingdom) Division (2008-present)[63][64] | |
|---|---|
| |
Recipients of the Victoria Cross
- This along with a * indicates a posthumous award
| Name | Unit | Campaign | Date of action | Place of action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas Grady | 0044th Regiment of Foot | Crimean War | 1854-10-1818 October 1854 | Sevastopol, Crimea |
| William McWheeney | 04444th Regiment of Foot | Crimean War | 1854-10-2020 October 1854 | Sevastopol, Crimea |
| William Nickerson | Royal Army Medical Corps | Second Boer War | 1900-04-2020 April 1900 | Wakkerstroom, South Africa |
| Harry Beet | Derbyshire Regiment | Second Boer War | 1900-04-2222 April 1900 | Wakkerstroom, South Africa |
| Maurice Dease | Royal Fusiliers | First World War | 1914-08-2323 August 1914* | Mons, Belgium |
| Sidney Godley | Royal Fusiliers | First World War | 1914-08-2323 August 1914 | Mons, Belgium |
| Charles Jarvis | Corps of Royal Engineers | First World War | 1914-08-2323 August 1914 | Jemappes, Belgium |
| Theodore Wright | Corps of Royal Engineers | First World War | 1914-08-2323 August 1914 14 September 1914* | Mons, Belgium |
| Charles Garforth | 01515th The King's Hussars | First World War | 1914-08-2323 August 1914 | Harmingnies, France |
| Cyril Martin | Corps of Royal Engineers | First World War | 1915-03-1212 March 1915 | Spanbroek Molen, Belgium |
| Edward Mellish | Royal Army Chaplains' Department | First World War | 1916-03-2727–29 March 1916 | St. Eloi, Belgium |
| Billy Congreve | Prince Consort's Own (Rifle Brigade) | First World War | 1916-07-066–20 July 1916 | Longueval, France |
| Sidney Bates | Royal Norfolk Regiment | Second World War | 1944-08-066 August 1944*[C] | Sourdeval, France |
| James Stokes | King's Shropshire Light Infantry | Second World War | 1945-03-011 March 1945* | Kervenheim, Germany |
| Johnson Beharry | Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment | Iraq War | 2004-05-011 May 2004 11 June 2004 | Al-Amarah, Iraq |
| James Ashworth | Grenadier Guards | War in Afghanistan | 2012-06-1313 June 2012* | Nahr-e Saraj District, Afghanistan |
General Officers Commanding
Commanders have been:[65]
Major General Commanding 3rd Division
- 1902–? Major-General Sir Bruce Hamilton[66]
GOC 3rd Division
- 1907–1910 Major-General William Franklyn
- 1910–1914 Major-General Henry Rawlinson
- May 1914 – Oct 1914 Major-General Hubert Hamilton
- Oct 1914 Major-General Colin Mackenzie
- 1914–1916 Major-General Aylmer Haldane
- 1916–1919 Major-General Cyril Deverell
- 1919–1922 Major-General Robert Whigham
- 1922–1926 Major-General William Heneker
- 1926–1930 Major-General John Burnett-Stuart
- 1930–1932 Major-General Harry Knox
- 1932–1934 Major-General Walter Pitt-Taylor
- 1934–1936 Major-General Robert Gordon-Finlayson
- 1936 Major-General Cecil Heywood
- 1936–1939 Major-General Denis Bernard
- 1939–1940 Major-General Bernard Montgomery
- 1940–1941 Major-General James Gammell
- 1941–1942 Major-General Eric Hayes
- 1942–1943 Major-General William Ramsden
- 1943–1944 Major-General Tom Rennie
- 1944–1947 Major-General Lashmer Whistler
- 1951–1952 Major-General Hugh Stockwell
- 1952–1954 Major-General Nigel Poett
- 1954–1957 Major-General John Churcher
- 1957–1959 Major-General George Gordon-Lennox
- 1959–1961 Major-General Charles Harington
- 1961–1962 Major-General Vivian Street
- 1962–1964 Major-General Michael Carver
- 1964–1966 Major-General Cecil Blacker
- 1966–1968 Major-General Anthony Deane-Drummond
- 1968–1970 Major-General Terence McMeekin
- 1970–1972 Major-General Glyn Gilbert
- 1972–1974 Major-General Richard Worsley
- 1974–1976 Major-General Robin Carnegie
GOC 3rd Armoured Division
- 1976–1978 Major-General Michael Walsh
- 1978–1980 Major-General Henry Dalzell-Payne
- 1980–1982 Major-General Norman Arthur
- 1982–1984 Major-General Antony Walker
- 1984–1987 Major-General David Ramsbotham
- 1987–1988 Major-General Edward Jones
- 1988–1990 Major-General Michael Wilkes
- 1990–1992 Major-General Christopher Wallace
GOC 3rd (UK) Division
- 1992–1994 Major-General Hew Pike
- 1994–1996 Major-General Mike Jackson
- 1996–1999 Major-General Cedric Delves
GOC 3rd (UK) Mechanised Division
- 1999–2000 Major General Richard Dannatt
- 2000–2003 Major General John McColl
- 2003–2005 Major General Graeme Lamb
- 2005–2007 Major General Richard Shirreff
- 2007–2009 Major General Barney White-Spunner
- 2009–2011 Major General James Everard
- 2011–2013 Major General John Lorimer
- 2013–2014 Major General James Cowan
GOC 3rd (United Kingdom) Division
- 2014–2015 Major General James Cowan
- 2015–2016 Major-General Patrick Sanders
- 2016–2018 Major-General Nick Borton
- 2018–Present Major-General James Swift
See also
- List of British divisions in World War I
- List of British divisions in World War II
- British Army Order of Battle (September 1939)
- Units of the Royal Corps of Signals
Notes
Footnotes
^ Patrick Delaforce called his book on the division, "Monty's Ironsides", suggesting a continuation of the nickname.[3]Norman Scarfe, the divisional historian for the period 1943-1945, refutes the idea of the nickname applying to the division. Scarfe wrote that the suggestion of the continuation is a complement but one "that [was] earned by quite different groups of units in quite different circumstances, not by the 3rd Division in its Assault form. 'Ironsides' is surely another not entirely justifiable reference to East Anglia, where Cromwell did his recruiting; and Iron, a symbol of strength and resolution of the 3rd Division in the Four Years' War, can also suggest inflexibility and cruelty, rust and robots. Th distinction of bring British, on the other hand, is open to only one interpretation. It is themost suitable of all titles. There was only one 3rd British Division fighting in Europe, and from D-Day until the Germans were defeated the men of the division deserved the honour of their name."[4] The separation of traditions is also suggested by Lieutenant-Colonel T. F. Furnell, secretary of the Association of the 3rd (Iron) Division, who in a reunion speech to Second World War 3rd Division veterans stated "You of the 3rd British Division have more than lived up to the tradition of the Iron Division."[5]
Citations
^ Cole p. 36
^ Joslen 2003, pp. 130–131.
^ Delaforce
^ Scarfe, p. xxix
^ Scarfe, p. xxix
^ Chappell p. 8
^ Cannon, p. 48
^ Cannon, p. 56
^ Cannon, p. 59
^ Cannon, p. 61
^ Cannon, p. 65
^ Cannon, p. 73
^ Cannon, p. 77
^ abc Cannon, p. 81
^ Cannon, p. 90
^ Cannon, p. 92
^ Cannon, p. 93
^ Cannon, p. 95
^ Cannon, p. 99
^
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 763..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em
^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
^ "No. 27126". The London Gazette. 13 October 1899. p. 6180.
^ Rinaldi, p. 31
^ "Naval & Military intelligence - The 1st Army Corps". The Times (36892). London. 7 October 1902. p. 8.
^ "The Battles of Ypres, 1917 (Third Ypres)". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
^ Heathcote 1999, p. 214
^ abc Joslen, p. 43-44
^ "badge, formation, 3rd Infantry Division". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 4 August 2017.
^ abc Joslen, pp. 43–4.
^ Joslen, p. 286.
^ Joslen, pp. 30, 360.
^ "Private papers of FW Norris MM". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
^ ab "RA 1939–45 76 Fld Rgt". Ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
^ Ellis, p. 542.
^ "RA 1939–45 7 Fld Rgt". Ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
^ "RA 1939–45 33 Fld Rgt". Ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
^ Ellis, p. 546.
^ "RA 1939–45 20 A/Tk Rgt". Ra39-45.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk. Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
^ ab Ellis, pp. 173, 184–6.
^ Joslen, pp. 584–5.
^ Delaforce, p. .
^ "James Stokes". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
^ Delaforce, p. 206.
^ Blaxland
^ Watson, Graham (2005). "The British Army in Germany: An Organisational History 1947–2004". Tiger Lily. p. 95.
^ "St Sebastian Barracks". BAOR Locations. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
^ Black, Harvey. "The Cold War Years. A Hot War in reality. Part 6".
^ "3rd Division". Global Security. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
^ Conrad, John (2011). Scarce Heard Amid the Guns: An Inside Look at Canadian Peacekeeping. Natural Heritage Books. ISBN 978-1-55488-981-5.
^ Soldier Magazine, December 1998, p.13
^ "General Officer Assignments". United States Department of Defense. 25 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
^ "General Officer Assignments". United States Department of Defense. 4 April 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
^ Stairrett, Amanda Kim (25 November 2013). "2nd British general officer takes post with 'BRO'". Fort Riley, Kansas: 1st Infantry Division. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
^ Baker, Chris. "The 3rd Division in 1914–1918". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
^ Joslen, p. 243.
^ ab Joslen, p. 246.
^ ab Joslen, p. 247.
^ Horrocks, pp. 76–92.
^ Keegan, pp. 225–241.
^ Joslen, p. 360.
^ Joslen, p. 206.
^ British Army Units[dead link]
^ Army basing plan
^ Army 2020 Brochure Archived 18 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine
^ Army Commands Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Army Corps appointments". The Times (36871). London. 12 September 1902. p. 6.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911).
References
- Blaxland, Gregory (1971) The Regiments Depart: A History of the British Army 1945–70, London: William Kimber.
Cannon, Richard (1851). Historical Record of the Seventy-Fourth Regiment (Highlanders) containing account of the formation of the regiment in 1787 and of its subsequent services to 1850. London: Parker, Furnivall and Parker.- Chappel M., (1986) British Battle Insignia (1). 1914–18 Osprey Publishing
ISBN 9780850457278
Cole, Howard (1973). Formation Badges of World War 2. Britain, Commonwealth and Empire. London: Arms and Armour Press.- Delaforce, Patrick (1995) Monty's Iron Sides, Stroud: Alan Sutton,
ISBN 0-7509-0781-9, - Ellis, Major L.F. (2004) History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West, Volume I: The Battle of Normandy, London: HMSO, 1962/Uckfield: Naval & Military,
ISBN 1-84574-058-0.
Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals 1736–1997. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
Horrocks, Lt-Gen Sir Brian, (1960) A Full Life, London: Collins.- Joslen, Lt-Col H.F. (2003) Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945, London: HM Stationery Office, 1960/Uckfield: Naval & Military,
ISBN 1-84342-474-6.
Keegan, John (1991), Churchill's Generals, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
Montgomery, Field Marshal Viscount, (1958) Memoirs, London: Collins.
Rinaldi, Richard (2008). Order of Battle of the British Army 1914. General Data. ISBN 978-0982054116.
- Scarfe, Norman (2006) [1947]. Assault Division: A History of the 3rd Division from the Invasion of Normandy to the Surrender of Germany. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Spellmount.
ISBN 1-86227-338-3.
External links
3rd (UK) Division- on British Army official website