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Amazon Region Protected Areas Program
	; Protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon;
Abbreviation	ARPA
Formation	2003; 16 years ago (2003);
Legal status	Active
Purpose	Improve conservation of the Brazilian Amazon region
Website	programaarpa.gov.br/en/

The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA; Portuguese: Programa Áreas Protegidas da Amazônia) is a joint initiative sponsored by government and non-government agencies to expand protection of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.

Foundation

The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA) originated in a 1998 promise by the Brazilian government to triple the area of the Amazon that was legally protected.
The program was launched in 2003, supported by government agencies, NGOs and major donors.^[1]
The program is based on a major two-year planning exercise with experts from different disciplines, representatives of the indigenous people and others.
This defined a set of priority areas for new parks and reserves throughout the Amazon.^[1]

Objectives

Initial objectives were:^[1]

Establish about 283,000 square kilometres (109,000 sq mi) of new strictly protected conservation units of Brazil

Upgrade about 125,000 square kilometres (48,000 sq mi) of neglected existing parks to effective standards of management

Establish about 89,000 square kilometres (34,000 sq mi) of sustainable use reserves supported by local communities, and provide effective stewardship

Establish a US$220 million long-term Protected Areas Trust Fund to ensure perpetual financial viability and integrity of the system

Benefits include protecting habitats, ecosystems and biodiversity, reducing conflicts over land ownership, providing sustainable use options to local communities, creating barriers against deforestation and burning, maintaining forest coverage to lock up carbon and avoid changes to rainfall patterns.^[1]

Organization

The program is led by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), which coordinates the process of identifying protected areas, creating them by law, preparing management plans and establishing staff and infrastructure.
IBAMA works with local government authorities and community members.
Implementation is overseen by a steering committee that includes representatives from government agencies and civil society.^[1]

The Brazilian government covers core staffing costs.
The World Bank oversees additional funding, which is managed by the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (FUNBIO).^[1]
Funding is provided by the Global Environment Facility through the World Bank, the government of Germany through the KfW German Development Bank, the World Wide Fund for Nature through WWF-Brazil and the Amazon Fund through the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES).^[2]
Conservation units are eligible for disbursements from the fund only when they can show that they comply with rigorous standards.^[1]

Operations

The first phase, which cost US$81.50 million, financed creation and consolidation of 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) of new protected areas, established the endowment fund, established a system for monitoring biodiversity and supported overall coordination by the Ministry of Environment, IBAMA and the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund.^[3]
ARPA Phase 2 was to expand the protected areas system, with about 135,000 square kilometres (52,000 sq mi) of new coverage, and to ensure that the program has solid and sustainable finances. It was approved by the World Bank board on 23 February 2012.^[4]
ARPA resulted in a 68% increase in protected areas and indigenous territories from 2004–12.^[5]

In February 2016 it was announced that the federal Ministry of the Environment would include the Serra dos Reis State Park, Samuel Ecological Station and Rio Pacaás Novos Extractive Reserve, all in Rondônia, among the conservation areas supported under ARPA.^[6]
Rondônia conservation units already covered by ARPA were the Corumbiara State Park, Guajará-Mirim State Park, Rio Preto Jacundá Extractive Reserve, Rio Cautário Extractive Reserve and Serra dos Três Irmãos Ecological Station.
The Umirizal Ecological Station would be created.
With this expansion the total area covered by ARPA in Brazil rose to 582,960.56 square kilometres (225,082.33 sq mi).^[6]

Conservation units

Ecological stations covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:^[7]

Terra do Meio

Maracá

Maracá-Jipioca

Niquiá

Grão Pará

Jari

Rio Ronuro

Rio Roosevelt

Juami-Japurá

Rio Acre

Serra dos Três Irmãos

State parks covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:^[7]

Cantão

Chandless

Corumbiara

Cristalino

Guajará-Mirim

Guariba

Igarapés do Juruena

Matupiri

Rio Negro Setor Norte

Rio Negro Setor Sul

Serra Ricardo Franco

Serra das Andorinhas

Sucunduri

Xingu

National parks covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:^[7]

Serra da Cutia

Serra do Divisor

Serra do Pardo

Anavilhanas

Cabo Orange

Jamanxim

Jaú

Juruena

Rio Novo

Campos Amazônicos

Tumucumaque Mountains

Nascentes do Lago Jari

Serra da Mocidade

Viruá

Biological reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:^[7]

Gurupi

Jaru

Lago Piratuba

Maicuru

Rio Trombetas

Tapirapé

Uatumã

Sustainable development reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:^[7]

Itatupã-Baquiá

Aripuanã

Amanã

Bararati

Cujubim

Juma

Rio Iratapuru

Rio Madeira

Rio Negro

Uatumã

Igapó-Açu

Piagaçu-Purus

Rio Amapá

Uacari

Extractive reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:^[7]

Alto Tarauacá

Arapixi

Arióca Pruanã

Auati-Paraná

Baixo Juruá

Barreiro das Antas

Canutama

Catuá-Ipixuna

Cazumbá-Iracema

Chico Mendes

Cururupu

Guariba

Guariba-Roosevelt

Ipaú-Anilzinho

Ituxi

Lago Capanã Grande

Mapuá

Maracanã

Médio Juruá

Médio Purús

Renascer

Rio Cajari

Rio Cautário (Federal)

Rio Cautário (State)

Rio Gregório

Rio Iriri

Rio Jutai

Rio Ouro Preto

Rio Preto-Jacundá

Rio Unini

Rio Xingu

Riozinho da Liberdade

Riozinho do Anfrísio

Terra Grande-Pracuúba

Verde para Sempre

Notes

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF.

^ What is Arpa? – ARPA.

^ Amazon Region Protected Areas (GEF).

^ Amazon Region Protected Areas Program Phase II (GEF).

^ Nepstad et al. 2014, pp. 1118–23.

^ ^a^b Três Unidades de Conservação ... O Nortão.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f Full list: PAs supported by ARPA.

Sources

.mw-parser-output .refbeginfont-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ullist-style-type:none;margin-left:0.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>ddmargin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100font-size:100%

Amazon Region Protected Areas (GEF), World Bank, retrieved 2016-08-07.mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

Amazon Region Protected Areas Program Phase II (GEF), World Bank, retrieved 2016-08-07

Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme, WWF: World Wide Fund For Nature, retrieved 2016-08-07

Full list: PAs supported by ARPA, ARPA, retrieved 2016-08-07

Nepstad, D; McGrath, D; Stickler, C; Alencar, A; Azvedo, A; Swette, B (2014), "Slowing Amazon deforestation through public policy and intervention in the beef and soy supply chain", Science, 344, doi:10.1126/science.1248525

"Três Unidades de Conservação de Rondônia são inseridas no programa Áreas Protegidas", Jornal O Nortão (in Portuguese), 24 February 2016, retrieved 2016-08-07

What is Arpa?, ARPA, retrieved 2016-08-07

External links

[FOOTNOTEAmazon_Region_Protected_Areas_Programme_–_WWF-1] Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF.

[FOOTNOTEWhat_is_Arpa?_–_ARPA-2] What is Arpa? – ARPA.

[FOOTNOTEAmazon_Region_Protected_Areas_(GEF)-3] Amazon Region Protected Areas (GEF).

[FOOTNOTEAmazon_Region_Protected_Areas_Program_Phase_II_(GEF)-4] Amazon Region Protected Areas Program Phase II (GEF).

[FOOTNOTENepstadMcGrathSticklerAlencar20141118–23-5] Nepstad et al. 2014, pp. 1118–23.

[FOOTNOTETrês_Unidades_de_Conservação_..._O_Nortão-6] Três Unidades de Conservação ... O Nortão.

[FOOTNOTEFull_list:_PAs_supported_by_ARPA-7] Full list: PAs supported by ARPA.

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