Amazon Region Protected Areas Program

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP















Amazon Region Protected Areas Program

Desm amazon.jpg
Protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon

AbbreviationARPA
Formation2003; 16 years ago (2003)
Legal statusActive
PurposeImprove conservation of the Brazilian Amazon region
Websiteprogramaarpa.gov.br/en/

The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA; Portuguese: Programa Áreas Protegidas da Amazônia) is a joint initiative sponsored by government and non-government agencies to expand protection of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.




Contents





  • 1 Foundation


  • 2 Objectives


  • 3 Organization


  • 4 Operations


  • 5 Conservation units


  • 6 Notes


  • 7 Sources


  • 8 External links




Foundation


The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA) originated in a 1998 promise by the Brazilian government to triple the area of the Amazon that was legally protected.
The program was launched in 2003, supported by government agencies, NGOs and major donors.[1]
The program is based on a major two-year planning exercise with experts from different disciplines, representatives of the indigenous people and others.
This defined a set of priority areas for new parks and reserves throughout the Amazon.[1]



Objectives


Initial objectives were:[1]


  • Establish about 283,000 square kilometres (109,000 sq mi) of new strictly protected conservation units of Brazil

  • Upgrade about 125,000 square kilometres (48,000 sq mi) of neglected existing parks to effective standards of management

  • Establish about 89,000 square kilometres (34,000 sq mi) of sustainable use reserves supported by local communities, and provide effective stewardship

  • Establish a US$220 million long-term Protected Areas Trust Fund to ensure perpetual financial viability and integrity of the system

Benefits include protecting habitats, ecosystems and biodiversity, reducing conflicts over land ownership, providing sustainable use options to local communities, creating barriers against deforestation and burning, maintaining forest coverage to lock up carbon and avoid changes to rainfall patterns.[1]



Organization


The program is led by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), which coordinates the process of identifying protected areas, creating them by law, preparing management plans and establishing staff and infrastructure.
IBAMA works with local government authorities and community members.
Implementation is overseen by a steering committee that includes representatives from government agencies and civil society.[1]


The Brazilian government covers core staffing costs.
The World Bank oversees additional funding, which is managed by the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (FUNBIO).[1]
Funding is provided by the Global Environment Facility through the World Bank, the government of Germany through the KfW German Development Bank, the World Wide Fund for Nature through WWF-Brazil and the Amazon Fund through the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES).[2]
Conservation units are eligible for disbursements from the fund only when they can show that they comply with rigorous standards.[1]



Operations


The first phase, which cost US$81.50 million, financed creation and consolidation of 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) of new protected areas, established the endowment fund, established a system for monitoring biodiversity and supported overall coordination by the Ministry of Environment, IBAMA and the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund.[3]
ARPA Phase 2 was to expand the protected areas system, with about 135,000 square kilometres (52,000 sq mi) of new coverage, and to ensure that the program has solid and sustainable finances. It was approved by the World Bank board on 23 February 2012.[4]
ARPA resulted in a 68% increase in protected areas and indigenous territories from 2004–12.[5]


In February 2016 it was announced that the federal Ministry of the Environment would include the Serra dos Reis State Park, Samuel Ecological Station and Rio Pacaás Novos Extractive Reserve, all in Rondônia, among the conservation areas supported under ARPA.[6]
Rondônia conservation units already covered by ARPA were the Corumbiara State Park, Guajará-Mirim State Park, Rio Preto Jacundá Extractive Reserve, Rio Cautário Extractive Reserve and Serra dos Três Irmãos Ecological Station.
The Umirizal Ecological Station would be created.
With this expansion the total area covered by ARPA in Brazil rose to 582,960.56 square kilometres (225,082.33 sq mi).[6]



Conservation units


Ecological stations covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:[7]



  • Terra do Meio

  • Maracá

  • Maracá-Jipioca

  • Niquiá

  • Grão Pará

  • Jari

  • Rio Ronuro

  • Rio Roosevelt

  • Juami-Japurá

  • Rio Acre

  • Serra dos Três Irmãos


State parks covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:[7]



  • Cantão

  • Chandless

  • Corumbiara

  • Cristalino

  • Guajará-Mirim

  • Guariba

  • Igarapés do Juruena

  • Matupiri

  • Rio Negro Setor Norte

  • Rio Negro Setor Sul

  • Serra Ricardo Franco

  • Serra das Andorinhas

  • Sucunduri

  • Xingu


National parks covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:[7]



  • Serra da Cutia

  • Serra do Divisor

  • Serra do Pardo

  • Anavilhanas

  • Cabo Orange

  • Jamanxim

  • Jaú

  • Juruena

  • Rio Novo

  • Campos Amazônicos

  • Tumucumaque Mountains

  • Nascentes do Lago Jari

  • Serra da Mocidade

  • Viruá


Biological reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:[7]



  • Gurupi

  • Jaru

  • Lago Piratuba

  • Maicuru

  • Rio Trombetas

  • Tapirapé

  • Uatumã


Sustainable development reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:[7]



  • Itatupã-Baquiá

  • Aripuanã

  • Amanã

  • Bararati

  • Cujubim

  • Juma

  • Rio Iratapuru

  • Rio Madeira

  • Rio Negro

  • Uatumã

  • Igapó-Açu

  • Piagaçu-Purus

  • Rio Amapá

  • Uacari


Extractive reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:[7]



  • Alto Tarauacá

  • Arapixi

  • Arióca Pruanã

  • Auati-Paraná

  • Baixo Juruá

  • Barreiro das Antas

  • Canutama

  • Catuá-Ipixuna

  • Cazumbá-Iracema

  • Chico Mendes

  • Cururupu

  • Guariba

  • Guariba-Roosevelt

  • Ipaú-Anilzinho

  • Ituxi

  • Lago Capanã Grande

  • Mapuá

  • Maracanã

  • Médio Juruá

  • Médio Purús

  • Renascer

  • Rio Cajari

  • Rio Cautário (Federal)

  • Rio Cautário (State)

  • Rio Gregório

  • Rio Iriri

  • Rio Jutai

  • Rio Ouro Preto

  • Rio Preto-Jacundá

  • Rio Unini

  • Rio Xingu

  • Riozinho da Liberdade

  • Riozinho do Anfrísio

  • Terra Grande-Pracuúba

  • Verde para Sempre



Notes






  1. ^ abcdefg Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF.


  2. ^ What is Arpa? – ARPA.


  3. ^ Amazon Region Protected Areas (GEF).


  4. ^ Amazon Region Protected Areas Program Phase II (GEF).


  5. ^ Nepstad et al. 2014, pp. 1118–23.


  6. ^ ab Três Unidades de Conservação ... O Nortão.


  7. ^ abcdef Full list: PAs supported by ARPA.



Sources


.mw-parser-output .refbeginfont-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ullist-style-type:none;margin-left:0.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>ddmargin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100font-size:100%


  • Amazon Region Protected Areas (GEF), World Bank, retrieved 2016-08-07.mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  • Amazon Region Protected Areas Program Phase II (GEF), World Bank, retrieved 2016-08-07


  • Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme, WWF: World Wide Fund For Nature, retrieved 2016-08-07


  • Full list: PAs supported by ARPA, ARPA, retrieved 2016-08-07


  • Nepstad, D; McGrath, D; Stickler, C; Alencar, A; Azvedo, A; Swette, B (2014), "Slowing Amazon deforestation through public policy and intervention in the beef and soy supply chain", Science, 344, doi:10.1126/science.1248525


  • "Três Unidades de Conservação de Rondônia são inseridas no programa Áreas Protegidas", Jornal O Nortão (in Portuguese), 24 February 2016, retrieved 2016-08-07


  • What is Arpa?, ARPA, retrieved 2016-08-07





External links




-

Popular posts from this blog

倭马亚王朝

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox captiontext-align:center 倭马亚王朝 بنو أمية ‎ 661年－750年 国旗 倭马亚哈里发国的版图 首都 大马士革（661-744） 哈兰（744-750） 常用语言 阿拉伯语（官方），亚拉姆语，亚美尼亚语，柏柏尔语族，非洲罗曼语，科普特语，格鲁吉亚语，希腊语，希伯来语，突厥语族，库尔德语 [1] ，波斯语，莫札拉布语 宗教 伊斯兰教逊尼派 政府 君主制 哈里发   • 661年–680年 穆阿威叶一世 • 744年–750年 马尔万二世 历史   • 穆阿威叶哈里发 661年 • 阿拔斯家族战胜并杀死马尔万二世，王朝灭亡 750年 面积 750年 13,400,000 km 2 人口 • 750年 34000000 货币 倭马亚第纳尔 先前国 继承国 四大哈里发 拜占庭帝国 西哥特王国 阿拔斯王朝 后倭马亚王朝 大伊朗地區歷史 現代國家興起前 現代之前 伊斯蘭之前 俾什达迪王朝 神话时期 凯扬王朝 （ 英语 ： Kayanian dynasty ） 神话时期 史前 （ 英语 ： Prehistoric Iran ） 埃蘭文明 前3200年－前2800年 埃蘭王朝 前2800年－前550年 吉罗夫特文化 （ 英语 ： Jiroft culture ） 卢卢比人 （ 英语 ： Lullubi ） 古提人 塞尔提亚人 （ 英语 ： Cyrtian ） 科杜内 （ 英语 ： Corduene ） 巴克特里亞-馬爾吉阿納 前2200年－前1700年 馬納王國 前10–前7世紀 米底王國 前728年－前550年 斯基泰王国 前652年–前625年 阿契美尼德王朝 前550年－前330年 塞琉古帝國 前330年－前150年 希腊-巴克特里亚王国 前250年－前125年 帕提亞帝國 前224年－公元248年 公元后 貴霜帝國 30–275年 薩珊王朝 224–651年 阿夫里格王朝 305–995年 嚈噠帝國 425–557年 喀布爾-夏希王朝 565–879年 达不义德王朝 （ 英语 ： Dabu
Read more

Gabbro

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP A coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock Gabbro Photomicrograph of a thin section of gabbro Gabbro ( / ˈ ɡ æ b r oʊ / ) is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro is chemically equivalent to rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term "gabbro" may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic". Contents 1 Etymology 2 Petrology 3 Distribution 4 Uses 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Etymology The term "gabbro" was used in the 1760s to name a set of rock types that were found in the ophiolites of the Apenn
Read more

托萊多 (西班牙)

Image
Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox captiontext-align:center 托萊多 城市 Toledo 托莱多的夕照景色——左邊的托莱多城堡和右邊的托莱多主教座堂在天際線中顯眼 旗幟 徽章 托萊多 坐标： 39°51′24″N 4°1′28″W  /  39.85667°N 4.02444°W  / 39.85667; -4.02444 坐标： 39°51′24″N 4°1′28″W  /  39.85667°N 4.02444°W  / 39.85667; -4.02444 國家   西班牙 西班牙 自治區   卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰 省 托萊多省 地区 托萊多 司法辖区 托萊多 聚居 約前7世紀 政府  • 市长 Emiliano García-Page Sánchez （PSOE） 面积  • 陸地 232.1 平方公里（89.6 平方英里） 海拔 529 米（1,736 英尺） 人口 （2015年）INE  • 總計 83,226  • 密度 35,904/平方公里（92,990/平方英里） 邮编 45001-45009 電話區號 +34 網站 http://www.ayto-toledo.org/ 托莱多 （西班牙語： Toledo ， 西班牙語： [toˈleðo] ），又稱 杜麗多 ，是西班牙中部的一个自治市，位于马德里西南约70公里。托莱多是托莱多省的首府，也是其所在的卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰自治区的首府。该市2017年人口83,741人 [1] 。 托莱多始於羅馬時期，在腓力二世前為卡斯蒂利亞王國（後西班牙王國）首都。它因其保存完好的基督教、伊斯兰教和犹太教建筑而在1986年被评为世界文化遺產，有哥德式、摩爾式、巴洛克式和新古典式各類教堂、寺院、修道院、王宮、城牆、博物館等古建築70多處。 目录 1 纹章 2 歷史事件 3 地理 4 气候 5 著名景点 6 友好城市 7 著名人物 8 图集 9 参考文献 10 外部連結 纹章 托莱多纹章 托莱多的纹章据称是由查理五世授予的。纹章由带着盾徽的黑色的帝国双头鹰组成。盾徽是卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂的纹章，下面有石榴图案。盾徽被金羊毛勋章垂饰所环绕。双头
Read more