托

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Disambig gray.svg  本文介紹的是壓強單位。關於托的其他含义，請見「托 (消歧義)」。


Confusion grey.svg  提示：本条目的主题不是毫米汞柱。

托（符号为Torr），與毫米汞柱（符號為mmHg）近乎等價，为压强、压力的单位，但並非國際單位制單位 （SI unit） 的成員之一。




目录





  • 1 定义

    • 1.1 原來定義



  • 2 命名


  • 3 换算关系


  • 4 應用


  • 5 注意


  • 6 参见


  • 7 注释


  • 8 外部連接




定义


  • 1 Torr定义为1个标准大气压的760分之一，即
1 Torr = 1760displaystyle frac 1760frac 1760 atm


原來定義


原本的 1 mmHg 是指「將幼細直管內的水銀頂高一毫米之壓力」，而正常之大氣壓力可以將水銀升高 760 mm ，故此將一毫米水銀定為大氣壓力的 1/760 倍。


不過，由於標準大氣壓在後來才被嚴谨定義，與之前所定義的正 760 mm 有輕微差異，現在兩者皆被重新定義為 101325/760 Pa 。



命名


  • 托的命名是为了纪念意大利物理学家埃萬傑利斯塔·托里切利（意大利語：Evangelista Torricelli）。


换算关系


  • 1 Torr ≈ 1 mmHg（毫米汞柱）[1] ≈ 1.333 mbar（毫巴）

  • 1 Torr ≈ 133.32237 Pa


應用


雖然托在現代已經不如帕斯卡正式和常用，但這個單位仍然有應用於以下方面：


  • 高度真空工程，特別是在壓力低至黏性消失的環境中。


  • 血壓量度。


  • 眼壓量度。


注意


  • 托为非法定计量单位。

  • 托是一个相当小的单位，更多地被用于高真空技术。

  • 一度曾用“乇”為計量單位用字，1977年7月《关于部份计量单位名称统一用字的通知》通知淘汰。


参见


  • 度量衡

  • 帕斯卡

  • 压强


注释


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  1. ^ 由于1 mmHg和1 Torr相差很小，在正常情況下可以忽略。但是它們在本質上是不同的。


外部連接



  • NPL – pressure units
-

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