Kannur International Airport

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International Airport

Kannur-airport LOGO.png

Arrival hall , kial ,june 2018.jpg

  • IATA: CNN

  • ICAO: VOKN


Summary
Airport type
Public
Owner/Operator
Kannur International Airport Limited (KIAL)
Serves
Kannur
Location
Mattanur, Kerala, India
Opened
9 December 2018 (2018-12-09)
Coordinates
11°55′N 75°33′E / 11.92°N 75.55°E / 11.92; 75.55Coordinates: 11°55′N 75°33′E / 11.92°N 75.55°E / 11.92; 75.55
Website
www.kannurairport.in
Map




CNN is located in Kerala

CNN

CNN




Show map of Kerala



CNN is located in India

CNN

CNN




Show map of India



Runways











Direction
Length
Surface
m
ft
07/25
3,050
10,007
Asphalt

Kannur International Airport (IATA: CNN, ICAO: VOKN) is an international airport serving the district of Kannur, the northern district in the state of Kerala, India. The airport is spread over 2,000 acres of land. It is located in Mattannur, about 20 km (12 mi) away from the city of Kannur and 2 km from Mattannur on Kannur – Mattannur – Mysore road with an easy easy access from NH-17 and SH-30 & 36[1]. It is owned and operated by Kannur International Airport Limited, a public–private consortium. Airport has a runway of 3,050 metres, this will be extended to 4000 metres in future[2]. The airport received the IATA code of CNN on July 2017 which is an abbreviation for Cannanore, the anglicised name for Kannur.[3] The Airport is Scheduled to open on December 9th 2018.


Kannur International Airport Ltd (KIAL) MD, V. Thulasidas confirmed December 9th, 2018 as the launch date after it received the approval from the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). Six domestic and 11 international airline companies have agreed to fly into CNN. The current runway of 3050 metres will be extended to 4,000 metres. The Kannur airport is expected to serve more than one million passengers annually and authorities estimate the number will increase five-fold by 2025[4]. The first trial operations with a commercial aircraft was tested at the airport on September 20th, 2018 followed by another test flight the next day. The first aircraft to land was an IAF (Indian Air Force) aircraft that landed at the airport on February 29th, 2016[5].




Contents





  • 1 History


  • 2 Construction

    • 2.1 EPC-I & EPC-II


    • 2.2 Phase I & Phase II



  • 3 Management


  • 4 Terminals


  • 5 Airlines and destinations


  • 6 Facilities

    • 6.1 Operational infrastructure


    • 6.2 Aviation fuel farm


    • 6.3 MRO


    • 6.4 Enclaves


    • 6.5 Aviation academy


    • 6.6 HAL helicopter manufacturing base



  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


  • 9 External links




History


Kannur had an airstrip used for commercial aviation as early as 1935 when TATA airlines operated weekly flights between Bombay and Trivandrum — stopping at Goa and Cannanore.[6]. The operator started the service to Kerala on October 29, 1935. The long-standing demand for an airport was only conceptualized in 1997, when C. M. Ibrahim the then union minister of civil aviation, backed the proposal for an airport in the district. The vast extent of land at Moorkhanparamba near Mattannur was identified for the project a few months later following a hectic search for land for developing the proposed airport. The formal commencement of construction activities at the project site on December 17 at a function attended by Civil Aviation Minister Praful Patel and Chief Minister E. K. Nayanar. Though the State government accorded sanction for the Kannur international airport project in January 1998 and appointed Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (KINFRA) as the nodal agency for its implementation, it had to wait for a decade till it was finally approved by the Central government in January 2008. During the period, a private agency appointed by Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (KINFRA) to study techno-economic feasibility report submitted its report[7]. The earlier site proposed at Madayipara was dropped owing to ecological concerns. Two vast plateaus near Mattannur were identified for the airport, namely Moorkhanparamb and Velliyamparamb, with about 1300 acres and 800 acres of land to be acquired from each respectively.[8][9][10][11]


After a prolonged wait, the airport received in-principle approval from the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Union cabinet in January 2008.[12] Land acquisition began in December 2008 after issuing notifications and fixing compensation.[13] The public company Kannur International Airport Limited (KIAL), under the PPP model, was registered in October 2009.[14] The foundation stone for the airport was laid on 17 December 2010 by then-Chief Minister V. S. Achuthanandan.[15]
In 26 November 2013, KIAL and Larsen & Toubro Ltd are scheduled to sign a contract on construction work at the airport. In January 2014, The Kerala State Government Minister for Excise and Ports announced the Kerala State Government and AAI plan to sign an MoU on the equity structure of Kannur International Airport Limited[16].
On 20 September 2018, a commercial aircraft, Air India Express Boeing 738, test landed for the first time at Kannur International Airport. [17]



Construction


By August 2010 acquisition of about 1200 acres of land was completed in two phases, and acquisition of another 780 acres was in progress for the third phase.[18][19]


In July 2011, the Oommen Chandy government decided to make Airports Authority of India a consultant tasked with preparing a revised techno-economic feasibility report and a new master plan and design.[20] As the Airports Authority of India failed to submit the report in time, the consultancy was canceled and Cochin International Airport (CIAL) was entrusted to prepare the detailed project report, but the floating of tenders for construction was further delayed as experts found several technical flaws in the design prepared by CIAL.[21][22]


Land acquired by the government under KINFRA was transferred to KIAL earlier in February 2012.[23] In August 2012, Mumbai based company STUP Consultants Pvt Ltd. was made consultant to review the revised report by CIAL and to assist KIAL in other aspects of the project, but the agreement was canceled within two weeks as it was found that the company had been blacklisted in other states.[24][25] Fresh bids were solicited and Hong Kong-based AECOM Asia was awarded the consultancy.[26][27] The project office was inaugurated at Mattannur in December 2012.[28]



EPC-I & EPC-II



It was decided to build the airport in two stages of engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC). The first stage, EPC-I included complete earthwork, runway, taxiway, apron, ground lighting and associated infrastructure such as perimeter and operational walls.




Earth work at the airport site in 2014



The second stage, EPC-II, involved the integrated terminal building, air traffic control tower, administrative and technical blocks, and facilities in the buildings such as aerobridges, escalators, elevators and counters.[29] Infrastructure and engineering conglomerate Larsen & Toubro (L&T) was awarded work for EPC-I on November 27, 2013, after inviting bids.[30] Airport work was flagged off by the then Defense Minister A.K. Antony at a public function in Mattannur on February 2, 2014.[31] L&T also won the tender for EPC-II works including the construction of the passenger terminal building (PTB) on June 25, 2014.[32] A huge amount of earthwork was carried out at the site including the cutting and filling of a total 2,340,000 cubic metres (3,060,000 cu yd) of land at a maximum rate of 70,000 cubic metres (92,000 cu yd) per day.[33] About 50% of the land works and foundation and piling work for constructing the PTB and air traffic control tower were completed by March 2015.[34] By August 2015 about 60% of the runway was completed. Steps were initiated to procure lifts, a baggage handling system, passenger boarding bridges, and the four Airfield Crash Fire Tenders.[35] About 70% of the work on the runway, apron and associated work, and 52% of the PTB and allied work was completed by December 2015.[36] Works for a 28,000 square metres (33,000 sq yd) fuel farm also began the same month.[37] The then Kerala Airports Minister K. Babu ruled out the popular demand to extend the runway to 4,000 metres (4,400 yd).[38] Meanwhile, the third phase of land acquisition involving about 785 acres on Velliyamparmb, which began in 2011, had been progressing at a very slow pace and only 612 acres were acquired in five years.[39] The late decision to acquire more land for a runway extension from 3,050 metres (3,340 yd) to 3,400 metres (3,700 yd) on the western side, in the finishing stages of the project, triggered protests from residents.[40]




Lighting test of arrival hall


A trial landing was conducted on a completed 2,400 metres (2,600 yd) runway by a 14-seater code B aircraft on February 29, 2016. The air traffic control tower was not involved as it was still under construction. Technical assistance of the Aviation Control of the Calicut airport was sought for the landing. No runway calibration, or testing of flight parameters, was done during the landing. The trial landing was organized as a major event by the authorities and involved extensive public participation. The Oommen Chandy government faced fierce criticism for organizing such an event when the whole airport project was not complete. The opposition termed it an "election stunt" as Kerala was going to the polls in the coming months. Around ₹30 lakh (US$42,000) were spent on the event.[41][42][43][44][45]


By May 2016, the 3,050 metres (3,340 yd) runway was completed with work on the 150 metres (160 yd) grading side strip on both ends progressing. 68% of the PTB, 75% of the ATC tower and much of the work for the fuel farm was completed. Work on the ancillary buildings — fire rescue station, power house, the area for the India Meteorological Department (IMD), sewage treatment plant, service block, and the airfield ground lighting substation were progressing.[46]
The newly-elected Pinaryi government decided to begin land acquisition to extend the runway to 4,000 metres (4,400 yd) in August 2016.[47] 82% of the construction of the PTB, and 90% of the work on air side was completed by February 2017. By September 90% of the work on the PTB and the city side works including flyover, PTB roofing etc was completed. Time-consuming interior work on the PTB was in progress, runway end safety area works were to resume after the rains. The PTB is scheduled to be fully completed by September 2018.



Phase I & Phase II


The Phase I expansion period is from 2016-17 to 2025-26. It includes a 4,000 metres (4,400 yd) runway extension, a full-length taxiway, commissioning of a fuel farm, an aviation academy etc and developing city side facilities. Works for the Phase-I expansion are already progressing. A cargo terminal and cargo complex which was initially in Phase-II has been shifted to Phase I and is under construction. The Phase II expansion will happen from 2026-27 to 2045-46. It includes another runway and a dedicated domestic terminal at Veliamparamba, and a long flyover to link it with Moorkhanparamba.[39][48][49][50][51]



Management


Kannur international airport is the second greenfield airport to be built on a public private partnership (PPP) platform in Kerala. The airport is managed by Kannur International Airport Ltd.(KIAL), a public company.[52] Former Air India chief V.Thulasidas IAS is the current Managing Director of KIAL.[53]Pinarayi Vijayan, chief minister of Kerala, holds the post of chairman. The principle investor in KIAL, the Government of Kerala, owns 32.86 % of the company's shares. Other shareholders are: 22.54 % by State and Central Public Sector Undertakings, 9.39 % by Airports Authority of India, 35.21 % by others, including QIBs, Individuals, Companies, Cooperative, Banks/Societies,   and other legal entities as approved by the Board of Directors from time to time[54].



Terminals




Kial departure hall


The airport will have an integrated passenger terminal for both international and domestic travellers with a floor area of 97,000 m2 (1,040,000 sq ft) for arrival and departure separately. It will be able to handle up to 2,000 passengers during peak hours with its unique swing facility. It features six aerobridges with 48 check-in counters, 32 emigration counters, 16 customs counters, four conveyor belts and access control inside the terminal. The passenger terminal will use the swing facility. The international gates will be used for domestic operations when there is no international flights. The passenger terminal building has a double skin aluminium roofing system and efficient LED lighting adopting the green building concept. [55][32][56][48]


A cargo terminal complex having a8 floor space of 32,000 m2 (340,000 sq ft) will also be constructed.[57][58]



Airlines and destinations










AirlinesDestinations
Air India To be declared [59]
GoAir To be declared [60]
IndiGo To be declared [61]


Facilities



Operational infrastructure



Kannur Airport has one runway, 07/25 which is 3,050 by 45 metres (10,007 by 148 feet).[62] The 07/25 runway orientation permits an obstacle-free approach. The runway 25 end will have Category I approach lighting and the 07 end will have simple approach lighting. The runway will be extended to 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) after the airport is commissioned. Land acquisition of about 260 acres is underway for this purpose. The runway will have a full length parallel taxiway and its apron will allow 20 wide-bodied aircraft to park at the same time.[63][49][64][65][48]




Runway and terminal from airside


The airport's air navigation services and air traffic control will be handled by the Airports Authority of India (AAI). The ATC tower will be equipped with Doppler variable omni range and distance measuring equipment, air traffic system automation, instrument landing system, voice recorder, GPS clock system etc... It will have VHF communication facilities and equipment for obtaining radar signals from the Cochin International Airport. The tower is 30 metres (98 ft) high and has a floor area of 1,923 square metres (20,700 sq ft).[66][34][67]


Various weather monitoring, weather forecasting and alert systems are being installed at the airport by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) for weather observations, is supplemented by climatological data, weather forecasting and aerodrome warning from IMD. The IMD will send minute-by-minute weather updates in the form of audio messages directly to pilots, instead of passing the information manually to the ATC and through them to the pilot. The information could include wind speed, gusts and direction, temperature and dew point, visibility, density, altitude, thunderstorm, lightning etc. ensuring smooth aircraft operation.[68]


The airport will have a 300 metres (330 yd) long, 90 metres (98 yd) wide runway end safety area (RESA) on both ends of the runway. This reduces the risk of casualties and damage to aircraft in the event of an undershoot, overshoot or excursion from the runway. The RESA is protected with a reinforced earth wall. The airport will have an isolation bay towards the 07 side. An isolation bay, with a diameter of 125 metres (137 yd) is a special parking space created for an aircraft facing an exigency like hijack or bomb threat.[69][70][71][48]


Various ground support equipment (GSE) will be available to service the aircraft between flights. This includes: dollies, chocks, aircraft service stairs, aircraft refuelers, transporters, catering vehicles, belt loaders etc... Ground handling in the airport will be managed by Air India Air Transport Services Ltd. (AI-ATSL)



Aviation fuel farm


The airport has a 28,000 square metres (33,000 sq yd) fuel farm constructed and operated as a joint venture company floated by KIAL and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL) — the BPCL-KIAL Fuel Farm Private Ltd. The Rs.17-crore fuel farm has underground tanks for aviation fuel storage and will provide fuel for aircraft operating from the airport. BPCL has a Rs.170-crore stake in KIAL.[72]



MRO


Kannur airport will have an aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul unit- MRO facility. A large maintenance terminal is dedicated for this. The facility is expected to cater to both narrow and wide-bodied aircraft. The MRO will undertake maintenance work on aircraft and their components, such as jet engines, landing gear, air frames and components etc... and will involve line maintenance and hangars.[73][48]



Enclaves



The airport will have an Indian Navy air enclave on convert 10 acres of land. The location is a priority for the Navy since the Ezhimala Naval Academy, the only naval academy in India, and the largest in Asia, is just 60 kilometres (37 mi) away from the airport. Ezhimala is also a strategic defense location. The original demands for transfer of the 10 acres of airport land to the Navy included having a representative from Southern Naval Command on KIAL's board of directors, to set up the enclave. This was dropped by the Navy. The land was transferred to the Navy on a long-term lease against token rent for establishing the enclave.[74][75][76]




950m flyover to departures


The Indian Air Force will have a presence at the airport with a separate enclave set up on 10 acres of land. Defense officials had approved the enclave in view of the airport's strategic location. Kannur Cantonment, the only Army Cantonment in Kerala is 30 kilometres (19 mi) away from the airport. The land provided on a long-term lease, against a token rent, is located beside the operational apron of the airport. Work on the enclave's hangars and administrative buildings is underway.[75]


An enclave will be set up by Indian Coast Guard (ICG) at the Kannur airport to augment air surveillance along the coast. India's first Coast Guard Academy is located at Azhikkal, 36 kilometres (22 mi) from the airport. Considering this, the strategic location, and the proximity to the coast of the airport the ICG had sought 20 acres of airport land. The KIAL board authorized the airport's managing director to provide 10 acres on a long-term lease against token rent to establish the enclave.[75][77][78]



Aviation academy


An aviation academy will be set up in the airport by the Rajiv Gandhi Aviation Academy and Technology on two acres of land allotted for it. The institute will offer students courses in aeronautics and provide flight training.[79]



HAL helicopter manufacturing base


Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) had sought airport land from KIAL to have a manufacturing base for helicopters. 80 acres of land had been allotted by the board to HAL in 2014. The HAL complex will include helicopter manufacturing for exporting, helicopter maintenance and repair, and a helicopter pilot training centre.[73]



See also



  • Calicut International Airport

  • Mangalore International Airport

  • Cochin International Airport

  • Trivandrum International Airport

  • List of airports in Kerala

  • Airports in India


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External links


Media related to Kannur International Airport at Wikimedia Commons


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用户:Ww71338ww/绘画

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Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP 你好～！欢迎来到萌娘百科！ 如果您是第一次来到这里，点这里加入萌娘百科! 欢迎具有翻译能力的同学～有意者请点→Category:需要翻译的条目← 如果您在萌娘百科上发现某些内容 错误/空缺 ，请 勇于 修正/添加！ 编辑萌娘百科其实很容易！ 觉得萌娘百科有趣的话，请推荐给朋友哦～ 萌娘百科群119170500欢迎加入，加入时请写明【 萌娘百科+自己的ID 】～ 萌娘百科Discord群组已经建立，请点此加入！ 哇！金色传说！ 你发现了集成各路大神攻略的秘籍宝典！还是免费！看前须知： 大神班中的笔记 各路门派偷师所得 个人感悟、原创研究 为了 维护行业利益 ，本人只会对外公开高达八成的内容 人比人气死人 从来没有人觉得你有天赋，因为这是家人和周围人骗你的 从来没有人觉得你画得有多好，因为你自己隔段时间看就知道有多渣了 从来没有人觉得你是大佬，因为别人只是在奉承并套你的话 从来没有人喜欢别人画得比自己好 “ 外行人只关注你的成品 ” 达芬奇的草稿：维特鲁威人（恶搞） 基本资料 用语名称 Ww71338ww/绘画 其他表述 画画、素描、美术 相关条目 User:Ww71338ww/画师、抽象画、赛璐珞、Photoshop、SAI “这只是我的业余职业” - 【异界全职业大师】达芬奇对绘画的看法 “总有一天你们会看着我画的东西撸” - 一位灵魂画师的自白 “就算你是一流的设计师，就算你图画得再牛逼，我叫你改图你就得改图，毕竟我是甲方。抱歉，甲方是真的能为所欲为的” - 甲方 “我靠它赚钱. / 而且我最恨别人站我背后指点江山” - User:Ww71338ww/画师对绘画的评论 “标题党” - 爱好者对一些视频、培训、教程、伪教程的看法 绘画 （Drawing 或Painting）是在绘画媒介表面上加图形、颜色、构图及其他美学方法，达到表现出User:Ww71338ww/画师希望表达的概念意思、思想情绪和美的感觉。又名 画画 、 绘图 、 图画 、 作画 、 临摹 、 素描/速写 、 描图 、 绘制 、 速图 、 涂鸦 、 美术 。 画不好的原因：1%（笔刷、电脑配置、天赋、老师）+99% 不画 。但是科学研究表明，刻意练习和即时反馈才是王道，而且先天因素远远大于后天因素，往死里画并没有什么卵用。 目录 1
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自由群

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Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP 由兩個元素a, b 生成的自由群的凱萊圖 在數學中，一個群 Gdisplaystyle G 被稱作 自由群 ，如果存在 Gdisplaystyle G 的子集 Sdisplaystyle S 使得 Gdisplaystyle G 的任何元素都能唯一地表成由 Sdisplaystyle S 中元素及其逆元組成之乘積（在此不論平庸的表法，例如 st−1=su−1ut−1displaystyle st^-1=su^-1ut^-1 之類）；此時也稱 Gdisplaystyle G 為集合 Sdisplaystyle S 上的 自由群 ，其群結構決定於集合 Sdisplaystyle S ，記為 F(S)displaystyle F(S) ， Sdisplaystyle S 稱作一組 基底 。按照範疇論的觀點，自由群也可以抽象地理解為群範疇中的自由對象。 一個相關但略有不同的概念是 自由阿貝爾群 （ 英语 ： free abelian group ） 。 目录 1 歷史 2 例子 3 建構方式 4 泛性質 5 性質與定理 6 自由阿貝爾群 7 塔斯基的問題 8 文獻 歷史 在1882年，Walther Dyck 在發表於 Mathematische Annalen 的論文 Gruppentheoretische Studien 中研究了自由群的概念，但未加以命名。「自由群」一詞由 Jakob Nielsen 於1924年引入。 例子 2個圓環的集束 整數的加法群 (Z,+)displaystyle (mathbb Z ,+) 是自由群；事實上我們可取 S:=1displaystyle S:=1 。 在巴拿赫-塔斯基悖論的論證中用到兩個生成元的自由群，以下將予說明。 在代數拓撲學中， kdisplaystyle k 個圓環的集束（即： kdisplaystyle k 個只交於一點的圓環，見右圖）的基本群是 kdisplaystyle k 個生成元的自由群。 建構方式 今將構造集合 Sdisplaystyle S 上之自由群 F(S)displaystyle F(S) ，分解動作如下。 對任何 s∈Sdisplaystyle sin S ，引入符號 s−1display
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卑爾根

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Clash Royale CLAN TAG #URR8PPP 卑尔根 Bergen 城市 Kommune av Bergen 旗幟 徽章 卑爾根在霍达兰郡的位置 卑尔根 卑爾根在挪威的位置 坐标： 60°22′N 05°24′E  /  60.367°N 5.400°E  / 60.367; 5.400 坐标： 60°22′N 05°24′E  /  60.367°N 5.400°E  / 60.367; 5.400 國家   挪威 郡 霍达兰郡 建立 1070年之前 政府  • 市長 Marita Moltu （KrF） 面积  • 城市 464.71 平方公里（179.43 平方英里）  • 陸地 445.19 平方公里（171.89 平方英里）  • 水域 19.52 平方公里（7.54 平方英里）  • 市區 94.03 平方公里（36.31 平方英里）  • 都會區 2.755 平方公里（1.064 平方英里） 人口 （2017年1月）  • 城市 278,556  • 密度 600/平方公里（1,600/平方英里） 居民称谓 Bergenser/Bergensar 时区 CET （UTC+1）  • 夏时制 CEST（UTC+2） 郵政號碼 5003–5268 (P.O.box 5802-5899) 電話區號 +47 5556 網站 www.bergen.kommune.no 卑爾根 （挪威语： Bergen   聆听 帮助 · 信息 ）是挪威第二大城市。根據政府的統計，直至2006年7月1日，卑爾根市區的人口有243 219人 [1] ，如果連同郊區和周邊區域的話，則有369 099人 [2] 。整個城市共分為八個區域： Arna 、 Bergenhus 、 Fana 、 Fyllingsdalen 、 Laksevåg 、 Ytrebygda 、 Årstad 和 Åsane 。 卑爾根位於挪威的西南方，剛好位於「七大山」（挪威语： de syv fjell ）的中間。卑爾根是西挪威的非正式首都，也是挪威對外的大門。而也因為其峽灣地形適合大型船集操作，令卑爾根成為歐洲最大的郵輪港中的一個。根據2005年的統計，卑爾根處理全挪威超過50%的貨物來往。 在2000年，卑爾根獲選為「歐洲文化之都」。 [3] 目录 1 歷史 2
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