54th United States Congress

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54th United States Congress


53rd ←

→ 55th


USCapitol1906.jpg

United States Capitol (1906)

March 4, 1895 – March 4, 1897
Senate President
Adlai E. Stevenson (D)
Senate Pres. pro tem
William P. Frye (R)
House Speaker
Thomas B. Reed (R)
Members
90 senators
357 representatives
4 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority
Republican (plurality)
House Majority
Republican
Sessions

1st: December 2, 1895 – June 11, 1896
2nd: December 7, 1896 – March 3, 1897

The Fifty-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1895, to March 4, 1897, during the last two years of Grover Cleveland's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. The House had a Republican majority, and the Republicans were the largest party in the Senate.





Contents





  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 States admitted


  • 4 Party summary

    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives



  • 5 Leadership

    • 5.1 Senate

      • 5.1.1 Majority (Republican) leadership


      • 5.1.2 Minority (Democratic) leadership



    • 5.2 House of Representatives

      • 5.2.1 Majority (Republican) leadership


      • 5.2.2 Minority (Democratic) leadership




  • 6 Members

    • 6.1 Senate

      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arkansas


      • 6.1.3 California


      • 6.1.4 Colorado


      • 6.1.5 Connecticut


      • 6.1.6 Delaware


      • 6.1.7 Florida


      • 6.1.8 Georgia


      • 6.1.9 Idaho


      • 6.1.10 Illinois


      • 6.1.11 Indiana


      • 6.1.12 Iowa


      • 6.1.13 Kansas


      • 6.1.14 Kentucky


      • 6.1.15 Louisiana


      • 6.1.16 Maine


      • 6.1.17 Maryland


      • 6.1.18 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.19 Michigan


      • 6.1.20 Minnesota


      • 6.1.21 Mississippi


      • 6.1.22 Missouri


      • 6.1.23 Montana


      • 6.1.24 Nebraska


      • 6.1.25 Nevada


      • 6.1.26 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.27 New Jersey


      • 6.1.28 New York


      • 6.1.29 North Carolina


      • 6.1.30 North Dakota


      • 6.1.31 Ohio


      • 6.1.32 Oregon


      • 6.1.33 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.34 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.35 South Carolina


      • 6.1.36 South Dakota


      • 6.1.37 Tennessee


      • 6.1.38 Texas


      • 6.1.39 Utah


      • 6.1.40 Vermont


      • 6.1.41 Virginia


      • 6.1.42 Washington


      • 6.1.43 West Virginia


      • 6.1.44 Wisconsin


      • 6.1.45 Wyoming



    • 6.2 House of Representatives

      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arkansas


      • 6.2.3 California


      • 6.2.4 Colorado


      • 6.2.5 Connecticut


      • 6.2.6 Delaware


      • 6.2.7 Florida


      • 6.2.8 Georgia


      • 6.2.9 Idaho


      • 6.2.10 Illinois


      • 6.2.11 Indiana


      • 6.2.12 Iowa


      • 6.2.13 Kansas


      • 6.2.14 Kentucky


      • 6.2.15 Louisiana


      • 6.2.16 Maine


      • 6.2.17 Maryland


      • 6.2.18 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.19 Michigan


      • 6.2.20 Minnesota


      • 6.2.21 Mississippi


      • 6.2.22 Missouri


      • 6.2.23 Montana


      • 6.2.24 Nebraska


      • 6.2.25 Nevada


      • 6.2.26 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.27 New Jersey


      • 6.2.28 New York


      • 6.2.29 North Carolina


      • 6.2.30 North Dakota


      • 6.2.31 Ohio


      • 6.2.32 Oregon


      • 6.2.33 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.34 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.35 South Carolina


      • 6.2.36 South Dakota


      • 6.2.37 Tennessee


      • 6.2.38 Texas


      • 6.2.39 Utah


      • 6.2.40 Vermont


      • 6.2.41 Virginia


      • 6.2.42 Washington


      • 6.2.43 West Virginia


      • 6.2.44 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.45 Wyoming


      • 6.2.46 Non-voting members




  • 7 Changes in membership

    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives



  • 8 Committees

    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees



  • 9 Caucuses


  • 10 Employees

    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives



  • 11 See also


  • 12 References


  • 13 External links




Major events




Major legislation



  • May 21, 1896: Oil Pipe Line Act, ch. 212, 29 Stat. 127 (43 U.S.C. § 962 et seq.)

  • May 22, 1896: Condemned Cannon Act, 29 Stat. 133

  • May 28, 1896: United States Commissioners Act, 29 Stat. 184

  • June 1, 1896: Married Women's Rights Act (District of Columbia), 29 Stat. 193

  • June 6, 1896: Filled Cheese Act, 29 Stat. 253

  • January 13, 1897: Stock Reservoir Act, 29 Stat. 484, (43 U.S.C. § 952 et seq.)

  • March 2, 1897: Tea Importation Act, 29 Stat. 604, (21 U.S.C. § 41 et seq.)


States admitted


  • January 4, 1896: Utah was admitted the 45th state.


Party summary




Senate composition, by party:

  Democratic

  Republican

  One Democratic, one Republican

  Populist

  Silver



This count identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.



Senate


























































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Populist
(P)

Republican
(R)

Silver
Republican
(SR)

Silver
(S)
End of the previous congress

43

3

41

0

1
88
0

Begin

39

4

42

0

2

87
1
End 40 44 900
Final voting share 7001444000000000000♠44.4% 7000440000000000000♠4.4% 7001489000000000000♠48.9% 5000000000000000000♠0.0% 7000220000000000000♠2.2%
Beginning of the next congress

33

5

43

6

1
88
2


House of Representatives



























































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Populist
(P)

Republican
(R)

Silver
(S)
Other
(O)
End of the previous congress

217

11

123

1

2
354
2

Begin

104

7

240

1

0

352
4
End 94 9 252 3561
Final voting share 7001264000000000000♠26.4% 7000250000000000000♠2.5% 7001708000000000000♠70.8% 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 5000000000000000000♠0.0%
Beginning of the next congress

124

22

206

1

4
(Silver
Republican
& Independent)
357
0


Leadership




President of the Senate
Adlai E. Stevenson




Speaker of the House
Thomas B. Reed



Senate



  • President: Adlai E. Stevenson (D)


  • President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R)


Majority (Republican) leadership



  • Republican Conference Chairman: John Sherman


Minority (Democratic) leadership



  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Arthur P. Gorman


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Charles James Faulkner


House of Representatives



  • Speaker: Thomas B. Reed (R)


Majority (Republican) leadership



  • Republican Conference Chairman: Charles H. Grosvenor


Minority (Democratic) leadership



  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: David B. Culberson


Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1898; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1900; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1896.









House of Representatives


The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.










Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate


Two seats were added when Utah was admitted and one seat was filled late.























State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for Vacancy
Subsequent
Date of successor's installation

Utah
(1)
New seat
State was admitted to the Union

Frank J. Cannon (R)
January 22, 1896

Utah
(3)
New seat
State was admitted to the Union

Arthur Brown (R)
January 22, 1896

Delaware
(2)
Vacant
Legislature had failed to elect.
A successor was eventually elected

Richard R. Kenney
(D)
January 19, 1897


House of Representatives


There were 4 deaths, 2 resignations, 13 election challenges, 1 new seat, and 4 seats vacant from the previous Congress. Democrats had a 10-seat net loss; Republicans had a 12-seat net gain; and Populists had a 2-seat net gain.



































































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date successor seated

New York 10
Vacant
Representative-elect Andrew J. Campbell died before the start of Congress.
New member elected November 5, 1895.

Amos J. Cummings (D)
November 5, 1895

Illinois 10
Vacant

Philip S. Post (R) was re-elected, but died before this Congress.
New member elected December 2, 1895.

George W. Prince (R)
December 2, 1895

Michigan 3
Vacant

Julius C. Burrows (R) was re-elected, but resigned in the previous Congress to serve in the Senate.
New member elected December 2, 1895.

Alfred Milnes (R)
December 2, 1895

Pennsylvania 15

Edwin J. Jorden (R)
Resigned March 4, 1895.
New member elected November 5, 1895.

James H. Codding (R)
November 5, 1895

Utah Territory at-large

Frank J. Cannon (R)
Seat eliminated January 4, 1896 upon statehood.
Seat eliminated

Utah at-large
New seat
State was admitted to the Union.
New member elected November 5, 1895.

Clarence E. Allen (R)
January 4, 1896

Georgia 10

James C. C. Black (D)
Resigned March 4, 1895.
Incumbent was subsequently re-elected October 2, 1895.

James C. C. Black (D)
October 2, 1895

Massachusetts 6

William Cogswell (R)
Died May 22, 1895.
New member elected November 5, 1895.

William H. Moody (R)
November 5, 1895

Illinois 18

Frederick Remann (R)
Died July 14, 1895.
New member elected December 2, 1895.

William F. L. Hadley (R)
December 2, 1895

Illinois 3

Lawrence E. McGann (D)
Election was successfully challenged December 27, 1895.

Hugh R. Belknap (R)
December 27, 1895

Texas 11

William H. Crain (D)
Died February 10, 1896.
New member elected April 7, 1896.

Rudolph Kleberg (D)
April 7, 1896

Missouri 5

John C. Tarsney (D)
Election was successfully challenged February 27, 1896.

Robert T. Van Horn (R)
February 27, 1896

Alabama 4

Gaston A. Robbins (D)
Election was successfully challenged March 13, 1896.

William F. Aldrich (R)
March 13, 1896

Virginia 4

William R. McKenney (D)
Election was successfully challenged May 2, 1896.

Robert T. Thorp (R)
May 2, 1896

Louisiana 5

Charles J. Boatner (D)
Election was challenged and declared vacant March 20, 1896.
Incumbent was subsequently elected June 10, 1896.

Charles J. Boatner (D)
June 10, 1896

Alabama 5

James E. Cobb (D)
Election was successfully challenged April 21, 1896.

Albert T. Goodwyn (P)
April 22, 1896

South Carolina 7

J. William Stokes (D)
Seat declared vacant June 1, 1896.
Incumbent was subsequently elected November 3, 1896.

J. William Stokes (D)
November 3, 1896

New York 8

James J. Walsh (D)
Election was successfully challenged June 2, 1896.

John M. Mitchell (R)
June 2, 1896

South Carolina 1

William Elliott (D)
Election was successfully challenged June 4, 1896.

George W. Murray (R)
June 4, 1896

Illinois 16

Finis E. Downing (D)
Election was successfully challenged June 5, 1896.

John I. Rinaker (R)
June 5, 1896

North Carolina 6

James A. Lockhart (D)
Election was successfully challenged June 5, 1896.

Charles H. Martin (P)
June 5, 1896

Alabama 9

Oscar W. Underwood (D)
Election was successfully challenged June 9, 1896.

Truman H. Aldrich (R)
June 9, 1896

Georgia 3

Charles F. Crisp (D)
Died October 23, 1896.
New member elected December 19, 1896.

Charles R. Crisp (D)
December 19, 1896

New York 19

Frank S. Black (R)
Resigned January 7, 1897.
Vacant until next Congress

Kentucky 10

Joseph M. Kendall (D)
Election was successfully challenged February 18, 1897.

Nathan T. Hopkins (R)
February 18, 1897


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (4 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.









Joint committees



  • Alcohol in the Arts (Select)


  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers

  • Investigate Charities and Reformatory Institutions in the District of Columbia

  • Ford's Theater Disaster


Caucuses



  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)


Employees



  • Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark


  • Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford


  • Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict


Senate



  • Chaplain: William H. Millburn (Methodist)


  • Secretary: William Ruffin Cox


  • Sergeant at Arms: Richard J. Bright


House of Representatives



  • Chaplain: Henry N. Couden (Universalist)


  • Clerk: Alexander McDowell


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Asher C. Hinds


  • Doorkeeper: William J. Glenn


  • Postmaster: Joseph C. McElroy


  • Reading Clerks: [Data unknown/missing.]


  • Sergeant at Arms: Benjamin F. Russell


See also



  • United States elections, 1894 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1894 and 1895

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1894



  • United States elections, 1896 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1896

    • United States Senate elections, 1896 and 1897

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1896



References





  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 


  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 


External links


  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History

  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 54th Congress, 1st Session. 


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 54th Congress, 1st Session (Revision). 


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 54th Congress, 2nd Session. 


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 54th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision). 





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